关于java字节码框架ASM的学习

  一、什么是ASM

  ASM是一个java字节码操纵框架,它能被用来动态生成类或者增强既有类的功能。ASM 可以直接产生二进制 class 文件,也可以在类被加载入 Java 虚拟机之前动态改变类行为。Java class 被存储在严格格式定义的 .class文件里,这些类文件拥有足够的元数据来解析类中的所有元素:类名称、方法、属性以及 Java 字节码(指令)。ASM从类文件中读入信息后,能够改变类行为,分析类信息,甚至能够根据用户要求生成新类。

  使用ASM框架需要导入asm的jar包,下载链接:asm-3.2.jar

  二、如何使用ASM

  ASM框架中的核心类有以下几个:

  ①  ClassReader:该类用来解析编译过的class字节码文件。

  ②  ClassWriter:该类用来重新构建编译后的类,比如说修改类名、属性以及方法,甚至可以生成新的类的字节码文件。

  ③  ClassAdapter:该类也实现了ClassVisitor接口,它将对它的方法调用委托给另一个ClassVisitor对象。

  示例1.通过asm生成类的字节码

 1 package com.asm3;
 2 
 3 import java.io.File;
 4 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 5 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 6 import java.io.IOException;
 7 
 8 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter;
 9 import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;
10 
11 /**
12  * 通过asm生成类的字节码
13  * @author Administrator
14  *
15  */
16 public class GeneratorClass {
17 
18     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
19         //生成一个类只需要ClassWriter组件即可
20         ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(0);
21         //通过visit方法确定类的头部信息
22         cw.visit(Opcodes.V1_5, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT+Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE,
23                 "com/asm3/Comparable", null, "java/lang/Object", new String[]{"com/asm3/Mesurable"});
24         //定义类的属性
25         cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC,
26                 "LESS", "I", null, new Integer(-1)).visitEnd();
27         cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC,
28                 "EQUAL", "I", null, new Integer(0)).visitEnd();
29         cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC,
30                 "GREATER", "I", null, new Integer(1)).visitEnd();
31         //定义类的方法
32         cw.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT, "compareTo",
33                 "(Ljava/lang/Object;)I", null, null).visitEnd();
34         cw.visitEnd(); //使cw类已经完成
35         //将cw转换成字节数组写到文件里面去
36         byte[] data = cw.toByteArray();
37         File file = new File("D://Comparable.class");
38         FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(file);
39         fout.write(data);
40         fout.close();
41     }
42 }

  生成一个类的字节码文件只需要用到ClassWriter类即可,生成Comparable.class后用javap指令对其进行反编译:javap -c Comparable.class >test.txt  ,编译后的结果如下:

1 public interface com.asm3.Comparable extends com.asm3.Mesurable {
2   public static final int LESS;
3 
4   public static final int EQUAL;
5 
6   public static final int GREATER;
7 
8   public abstract int compareTo(java.lang.Object);
9 }

  注:一个编译后的java类不包含package和import段,因此在class文件中所有的类型都使用的是全路径。

  示例2.修改类的字节码文件

C.java

1 package com.asm5;
2 
3 public class C {
4     public void m() throws InterruptedException{
5         Thread.sleep(100); 
6     }
7 }

将C.java类的内容改为如下:

 1 package com.asm5;
 2 
 3 public class C {
 4     public static long timer;
 5     public void m() throws InterruptedException{
 6         timer -= System.currentTimeMillis();
 7         Thread.sleep(100); 
 8         timer += System.currentTimeMillis();
 9     }
10 }

  为了弄清楚ASM是如何实现的,我们先编译这两个类,然后比对它们的TraceClassVisitor的输出,我们可以发现如下的不同(粗体表示)

GETSTATIC C.timer : J
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/System.currentTimilis()J
LSUB
PUTSTATIC C.timer : J
LDC 100
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/Thread.sleep(J)V
GETSTATIC C.timer : J
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/System.currentTimilis()J
LADD
PUTSTATIC C.timer : J
RETURN
MAXSTACK=4
MAXLOCALS=1

  通过比对上面的指令,我们可以发现必须在m()方法的最前面增加四条指令,在RETURN指令前也增加四条指令,同时这四条必须位于xRETURN和ATHROW之前,因为这些指令都会结束方法的执行。

具体代码如下:

AddTimeClassAdapter.java

 1 package com.asm5;
 2 
 3 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassAdapter;
 4 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor;
 5 import org.objectweb.asm.FieldVisitor;
 6 import org.objectweb.asm.MethodAdapter;
 7 import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor;
 8 import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;
 9 
10 public class AddTimeClassAdapter extends ClassAdapter {
11     private String owner;
12     private boolean isInterface;
13     public AddTimeClassAdapter(ClassVisitor cv) {
14         super(cv);
15     }
16     @Override
17     public void visit(int version, int access, String name, String signature,
18             String superName, String[] interfaces) {
19         cv.visit(version, access, name, signature, superName, interfaces);
20         owner = name;
21         isInterface = (access & Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE) != 0;
22     }
23     @Override
24     public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String desc,
25             String signature, String[] exceptions) {
26         MethodVisitor mv = cv.visitMethod(access, name, desc, signature, exceptions);
27         if(!name.equals("<init>") && !isInterface && mv!=null){
28             //为方法添加计时功能
29             mv = new AddTimeMethodAdapter(mv);
30         }
31         return mv;
32     }
33     @Override
34     public void visitEnd() {
35         //添加字段
36         if(!isInterface){
37             FieldVisitor fv = cv.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, "timer", "J", null, null);
38             if(fv!=null){
39                 fv.visitEnd();
40             }
41         }
42         cv.visitEnd();
43     }
44     
45     class AddTimeMethodAdapter extends MethodAdapter{
46         public AddTimeMethodAdapter(MethodVisitor mv) {
47             super(mv);
48         }
49         @Override
50         public void visitCode() {
51             mv.visitCode();
52             mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");
53             mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J");
54             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.LSUB);
55             mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");
56         }
57         @Override
58         public void visitInsn(int opcode) {
59             if((opcode>=Opcodes.IRETURN && opcode<=Opcodes.RETURN) || opcode==Opcodes.ATHROW){
60                 mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");
61                 mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J");
62                 mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.LADD);
63                 mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");
64             }
65             mv.visitInsn(opcode);
66         }
67         @Override
68         public void visitMaxs(int maxStack, int maxLocal) {
69             mv.visitMaxs(maxStack+4, maxLocal);
70         }
71     }
72     
73 }

Generator.java

 1 package com.asm5;
 2 
 3 import java.io.File;
 4 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 5 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 6 import java.io.IOException;
 7 
 8 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassAdapter;
 9 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader;
10 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter;
11 
12 
13 
14 public class Generator {
15 
16     public static void main(String[] args){
17         try {
18             ClassReader cr = new ClassReader("com/asm5/C");
19             ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS);
20             ClassAdapter classAdapter = new AddTimeClassAdapter(cw);
21             //使给定的访问者访问Java类的ClassReader
22             cr.accept(classAdapter, ClassReader.SKIP_DEBUG);
23             byte[] data = cw.toByteArray();
24             File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\WebRoot\\WEB-INF\\classes\\com\\asm5\\C.class");
25             FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(file);
26             fout.write(data);
27             fout.close();
28             System.out.println("success!");
29         } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
30             e.printStackTrace();
31         } catch (IOException e) {
32             e.printStackTrace();
33         }
34     }
35 
36 }

下面是一个测试类:

 1 package com.asm5;
 2 
 3 public class Test {
 4     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
 5         C c = new C();
 6         c.m();
 7         Class cc = c.getClass();
 8         System.out.println(cc.getField("timer").get(c));
 9     }
10 }

输出结果为:100

未完待续.......

posted @ 2013-05-25 00:19  残剑_  阅读(87412)  评论(8编辑  收藏  举报