python 基础 9.2 设计模式之单例模式

 

设计模式

一、单例模式

单例,顾名思义单个实例。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
__author__ = 'liujianzuo'

class ConnectionPoll:
    __instance = None

    def __init__(self):
        self.ip = "1.1.1.1"
        self.port = 3306
        self.pwd = 123
        self.username = "root"

        self.conn_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]

    @staticmethod
    def get_instance():
        if ConnectionPoll.__instance:
            return ConnectionPoll.__instance
        else:
            ConnectionPoll.__instance = ConnectionPoll()
            return ConnectionPoll.__instance

obj1 = ConnectionPoll.get_instance()
print(obj1)
obj2 = ConnectionPoll.get_instance()
print(obj2)
obj2= ConnectionPoll.get_instance()
print(obj2)
单例模式用来保证内存中仅存在一个实例

#####==========================

学习单例之前,首先来回顾下面向对象的内容:

python的面向对象由两个非常重要的两个“东西”组成:类、实例

面向对象场景一:

如:创建三个游戏人物,分别是:

  • 苍井井,女,18,初始战斗力1000
  • 东尼木木,男,20,初始战斗力1800
  • 波多多,女,19,初始战斗力2500
# #####################  定义类  #####################
class Person:

    def __init__(self, na, gen, age, fig):
        self.name = na
        self.gender = gen
        self.age = age
        self.fight =fig

    def grassland(self):
        """注释:草丛战斗,消耗200战斗力"""

        self.fight = self.fight - 200

# #####################  创建实例  #####################

cang = Person('苍井井', '', 18, 1000)    # 创建苍井井角色
dong = Person('东尼木木', '', 20, 1800)  # 创建东尼木木角色
bo = Person('波多多', '', 19, 2500)      # 创建波多多角色
创建实例

面向对象场景二:

如:创建对数据库操作的公共类

# #### 定义类 ####

class DbHelper(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.hostname = '1.1.1.1'
        self.port = 3306
        self.password = 'pwd'
        self.username = 'root'

    def fetch(self):
        # 连接数据库
        # 拼接sql语句
        # 操作
        pass

    def create(self):
        # 连接数据库
        # 拼接sql语句
        # 操作
        pass

    def remove(self):
        # 连接数据库
        # 拼接sql语句
        # 操作
        pass

    def modify(self):
        # 连接数据库
        # 拼接sql语句
        # 操作
        pass

# #### 操作类 ####

db = DbHelper()
db.create()
创建示例

 

实例:结合场景二实现Web应用程序

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server


class DbHelper(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.hostname = '1.1.1.1'
        self.port = 3306
        self.password = 'pwd'
        self.username = 'root'

    def fetch(self):
        # 连接数据库
        # 拼接sql语句
        # 操作
        return 'fetch'

    def create(self):
        # 连接数据库
        # 拼接sql语句
        # 操作
        return 'create'

    def remove(self):
        # 连接数据库
        # 拼接sql语句
        # 操作
        return 'remove'

    def modify(self):
        # 连接数据库
        # 拼接sql语句
        # 操作
        return 'modify'


class Handler(object):

    def index(self):
        # 创建对象
        db = DbHelper()
        db.fetch()
        return 'index'

    def news(self):
        return 'news'


def RunServer(environ, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
    url = environ['PATH_INFO']
    temp = url.split('/')[1]
    obj = Handler()
    is_exist = hasattr(obj, temp)
    if is_exist:
        func = getattr(obj, temp)
        ret = func()
        return ret
    else:
        return '404 not found'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    httpd = make_server('', 8001, RunServer)
    print "Serving HTTP on port 8001..."
    httpd.serve_forever()

Web应用程序实例
测试代码

对于上述实例,每个请求到来,都需要在内存里创建一个实例,再通过该实例执行指定的方法。

那么问题来了...如果并发量大的话,内存里就会存在非常多功能上一模一样的对象。存在这些对象肯定会消耗内存,对于这些功能相同的对象可以在内存中仅创建一个,需要时都去调用,也是极好的!!!

单例模式出马,单例模式用来保证内存中仅存在一个实例!!!

通过面向对象的特性,构造出单例模式:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
__author__ = 'liujianzuo'

class ConnectionPoll:
    __instance = None

    def __init__(self):
        self.ip = "1.1.1.1"
        self.port = 3306
        self.pwd = 123
        self.username = "root"

        self.conn_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]

    @staticmethod
    def get_instance():
        if ConnectionPoll.__instance:
            return ConnectionPoll.__instance
        else:
            ConnectionPoll.__instance = ConnectionPoll()
            return ConnectionPoll.__instance

obj1 = ConnectionPoll.get_instance()
print(obj1)
obj2 = ConnectionPoll.get_instance()
print(obj2)
obj2= ConnectionPoll.get_instance()
print(obj2)
通过面向对象的特性,构造出单例模式:
# ########### 单例类定义 ###########
class Foo(object):
 
    __instance = None
 
    @staticmethod
    def singleton():
        if Foo.__instance:
            return Foo.__instance
        else:
            Foo.__instance = Foo()
            return Foo.__instance
 
# ########### 获取实例 ###########
obj = Foo.singleton()

  对于Python单例模式,创建对象时不能再直接使用:obj = Foo(),而应该调用特殊的方法:obj = Foo.singleton() 。

这样多个人链接服务器访问地址就会只在内存中拿一份了

 

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

# ########### 单例类定义 ###########
class DbHelper(object):

    __instance = None

    def __init__(self):
        self.hostname = '1.1.1.1'
        self.port = 3306
        self.password = 'pwd'
        self.username = 'root'

    @staticmethod
    def singleton():
        if DbHelper.__instance:
            return DbHelper.__instance
        else:
            DbHelper.__instance = DbHelper()
            return DbHelper.__instance

    def fetch(self):
        # 连接数据库
        # 拼接sql语句
        # 操作
        pass

    def create(self):
        # 连接数据库
        # 拼接sql语句
        # 操作
        pass

    def remove(self):
        # 连接数据库
        # 拼接sql语句
        # 操作
        pass

    def modify(self):
        # 连接数据库
        # 拼接sql语句
        # 操作
        pass


class Handler(object):

    def index(self):
        obj =  DbHelper.singleton()
        print id(single)
        obj.create()
        return 'index'

    def news(self):
        return 'news'


def RunServer(environ, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
    url = environ['PATH_INFO']
    temp = url.split('/')[1]
    obj = Handler()
    is_exist = hasattr(obj, temp)
    if is_exist:
        func = getattr(obj, temp)
        ret = func()
        return ret
    else:
        return '404 not found'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    httpd = make_server('', 8001, RunServer)
    print "Serving HTTP on port 8001..."
    httpd.serve_forever()
Web应用实例-单例模式
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

class ConnectionPool:

    __instance = None

    def __init__(self):
        self.ip = "1.1.1.1"
        self.port = 3306
        self.pwd = "123123"
        self.username = 'xxxx'
        # 去连接
        self.conn_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10]

    @staticmethod
    def get_instance():
        if ConnectionPool.__instance:
            return ConnectionPool.__instance
        else:
            # 创建一个对象,并将对象赋值给静态字段 __instance
            ConnectionPool.__instance = ConnectionPool()
            return ConnectionPool.__instance

    def get_connection(self):
        # 获取连接
        import random
        r = random.randrange(1,11)
        return r

def index():
    # p = ConnectionPool()
    # print(p)
    p = ConnectionPool.get_instance()
    conn = p.get_connection()
    return "fuck u bitch   " + str(conn)

def news():
    return 'bitchbitchbitchbitch'

def RunServer(environ, start_response):
    start_response(status='200 OK', headers=[('Content-Type', 'text/html')])

    url = environ['PATH_INFO']
    if url.endswith('index'):
        ret = index()
        return ret
    elif url.endswith('news'):
        ret = news()
        return ret
    else:
        return "404"


if __name__ == '__main__':
    httpd = make_server('', 8077, RunServer)
    print("Serving HTTP on port 8008...")
    httpd.serve_forever()
Web应用实例-单例模式

 

总结:单利模式存在的目的是保证当前内存中仅存在单个实例,避免内存浪费!!!

 

posted @ 2016-06-05 16:41  众里寻,阑珊处  阅读(377)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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