python 基础2 编码转换 pycharm 配置 运算符 基本数据类型int str list tupple dict for循环 enumerate序列方法 range和xrange 列表中的十六进制或者unicode展示位中文
一 大纲
2 运算符
3 基本数据类型
整型：int
字符串：str
列表：list
元组：tuple
字典：dic
4 for enumrate xrange range
1.1. 列表中的十六进制或者unicode展示位中文
attr=(['CN', '0', '\xe6\xb5\x99\xe6\xb1\x9f', '\xe6\x9d\xad\xe5\xb7\x9e', 'ALIBABA'], ['CN', '0', 'qita', '0', 'cn'], ['\xe4\xb8\xad\xe5\x9b\xbd', '0', '\xe9\xa6\x99\xe6\xb8\xaf', '*', '\xe5\x85\xb6\xe4\xbb\x96'], ['CN', '*', '\xe5\x8c\x97\xe4\xba\xac', '\xe5\x8c\x97\xe4\xba\xac', '\xe9\x98\xbf\xe9\x87\x8c\xe4\xba\x91/\xe7\x94\xb5\xe4\xbf\xa1/\xe8\x81\x94\xe9\x80\x9a/\xe7\xa7\xbb\xe5\x8a\xa8/\xe9\x93\x81\xe9\x80\x9a/\xe6\x95\x99\xe8\x82\xb2\xe7\xbd\x91'])
for i in attrs:
s = str([j.decode("utf-8") for j in i]).replace('u\'','\'')
print s.decode("unicode-escape")
有这样一个列表：
list = [{'channel_id': -3, 'name': u'\u7ea2\u5fc3\u5146\u8d6b'}, {u'seq_id': 0, u'name_en': u'Personal Radio', u'channel_id': 0, u'abbr_en': u'My', u'name': u'\u79c1\u4eba\u5146\u8d6b'}]
其中name值是中文，如何讲其显示为中文？
s = str(self.channel_list).replace('u\'','\'')
print s.decode("unicode-escape")
成功显示：
[{'channel_id': -3, 'name': '红心兆赫'}, {'seq_id': 0, 'name_en': 'Personal Radio', 'channel_id': 0, 'abbr_en': 'My', 'name': '私人兆赫'}, ]
但此时类型为unicode
>>> type(s)
<type 'unicode'>
上节内容回顾：
1、编程语言 2、python、C#、java 3、python：pypy，cpython,jpython.. 4、执行方式 解释器 文件 5、指定解释器 python xxx.py ./xxx.py #!/usr/bin/env python 6、ascii unicode utf-8 7、 2.7 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3.x 默认utf-8 8、变量，代指 变量名 = 值 变量名要求： a.数字字母下划线 b.数字不能开头 c.不能和py关键字重复 a = "alex" b = a 9、条件 if 条件,elif 条件,else 10、while while 条件， 从上到下执行一次 （判断条件是否真）从上到下执行一次 （判断条件是否真）从上到下执行一次 （判断条件是否真）从上到下执行一次 （判断条件是否真）从上到下执行一次
二 前天作业讲解：
知识点：
判断奇偶：除以2取模
1 % 2 3%2=1 3 2%2=0 4 4%2=0
详细见 url http://www.cnblogs.com/liujianzuo888/articles/5440915.html
三 编码转换
unicode 可以编译成 UTF-U GBK
即
#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ __author__ = 'Administrator' a='刘建佐' #默认是utf-8 a_unicod=a.decode('utf-8') # decode是解码成unicode 括号是脚本内容的默认编码 即：将脚本内容的utf-8解码成unicode a_gbk=a_unicod.encode('gbk') #encode是编码，将unicode的编码内容编码成指定的，这里是gbk print(a_gbk) #用于终端打印
#print(u"刘建佐") #3里面是字符串 2里面是unicode
# 3版本直接将utf-8编码成GBK 不需要先转成unicode了，因为3没有了
E:\py_test\s2_py>python3 test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 6, in <module>
a_unicod=a.decode('utf-8') # decode是解码成unicode 括号是脚本内容的默认编码 即：将脚本内容的utf-8解码成unicode
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'
四 pycharm 安装 配置
file-setings-editor- file && file encode template 输入
#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ __author__ = 'liujianzuo'
五 pycharm 快捷键
ctrl+/ 批量注释
shift+方向键 选中
shift+tab 向左tab
六 运算符
算数运算：
比较运算：
赋值运算：
逻辑运算：
成员运算：
身份运算： 面向对象讲解
|
运算符 |
名称 |
说明 |
例子 |
|
+ |
加 |
两个对象相加 |
3 + 5得到8。'a' + 'b'得到'ab'。 |
|
- |
减 |
得到负数或是一个数减去另一个数 |
-5.2得到一个负数。50 - 24得到26。 |
|
* |
乘 |
两个数相乘或是返回一个被重复若干次的字符串 |
2 * 3得到6。'la' * 3得到'lalala'。 |
|
** |
幂 |
返回x的y次幂 |
3 ** 4得到81（即3 * 3 * 3 * 3） |
|
/ |
除 |
x除以y |
4/3得到1（整数的除法得到整数结果）。4.0/3或4/3.0得到1.3333333333333333 |
|
// |
取整除 |
返回商的整数部分 |
4 // 3.0得到1.0 |
|
% |
取模 |
返回除法的余数 |
8%3得到2。-25.5%2.25得到1.5 |
|
<< |
左移 |
把一个数的比特向左移一定数目（每个数在内存中都表示为比特或二进制数字，即0和1） |
2 << 2得到8。——2按比特表示为10 |
|
>> |
右移 |
把一个数的比特向右移一定数目 |
11 >> 1得到5。——11按比特表示为1011，向右移动1比特后得到101，即十进制的5。 |
|
& |
按位与 |
数的按位与 |
5 & 3得到1。 |
|
| |
按位或 |
数的按位或 |
5 | 3得到7。 |
|
^ |
按位异或 |
数的按位异或 |
5 ^ 3得到6 |
|
~ |
按位翻转 |
x的按位翻转是-(x+1) |
~5得到-6。 |
|
< |
小于 |
返回x是否小于y。所有比较运算符返回1表示真，返回0表示假。这分别与特殊的变量True和False等价。注意，这些变量名的大写。 |
5 < 3返回0（即False）而3 < 5返回1（即True）。比较可以被任意连接：3 < 5 < 7返回True。 |
|
> |
大于 |
返回x是否大于y |
5 > 3返回True。如果两个操作数都是数字，它们首先被转换为一个共同的类型。否则，它总是返回False。 |
|
<= |
小于等于 |
返回x是否小于等于y |
x = 3; y = 6; x <= y返回True。 |
|
>= |
大于等于 |
返回x是否大于等于y |
x = 4; y = 3; x >= y返回True。 |
|
== |
等于 |
比较对象是否相等 |
x = 2; y = 2; x == y返回True。x = 'str'; y = 'stR'; x == y返回False。x = 'str'; y = 'str'; x == y返回True。 |
|
!= |
不等于 |
比较两个对象是否不相等 |
x = 2; y = 3; x != y返回True。 |
|
not |
布尔“非” |
如果x为True，返回False。如果x为False，它返回True。 |
x = True; not x返回False。 |
|
and |
布尔“与” |
如果x为False，x and y返回False，否则它返回y的计算值。 |
x = False; y = True; x and y，由于x是False，返回False。在这里，Python不会计算y，因为它知道这个表达式的值肯定是False（因为x是False）。这个现象称为短路计算。 |
|
or |
布尔“或” |
如果x是True，它返回True，否则它返回y的计算值。 |
x = True; y = False; x or y返回True。短路计算在这里也适用。 |
练习
1 >>> 1 + 1 2 2 3 >>> 1 + 1 * 2 4 3 5 >>> (1 + 1 ) * 2 6 4 7 >>> 0/32 8 0 9 >>> 32/0 10 Traceback (most recent call last): 11 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 12 ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero 13 >>> 3*3 14 9 15 >>> 2**8 16 256 17 >>> 2**32 18 4294967296 19 >>> 2**64 20 18446744073709551616L 21 >>> 2**32/1024/1024 22 4096 23 >>> print "以上是32位系统的寻址空间" 24 以上是32位系统的寻址空间 25 >>> 2**64/1024/1024 26 17592186044416L 27 >>> print “虽然上面是64位系统的寻址空间，但是不一定就支持” 28 File "<stdin>", line 1 29 print “虽然上面是64位系统的寻址空间，但是不一定就支持” 30 ^ 31 SyntaxError: invalid syntax 32 >>> 2**42 /1024/1024 33 4194304 34 >>> 10%2 35 0 36 >>> 10%3 37 1 38 >>> print "作用是看一个数能不能被整成，过滤奇偶数" 39 作用是看一个数能不能被整成，过滤奇偶数
大于 小于 左移右移 按位与 按位或
>>> 3>2 True >>> 3<2 False >>> 3>=2 True >>> 3!=2 True >>> print "数字变成2进制" 数字变成2进制 >>> 5<<2 20 >>> 5>>2 1 >>> 5 | 3 7 >>> 5 & 3 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 数组5转二进制 5=1+4 1 0 1 所以是5就是00000101 左移两位 5<<2 0 0 1 0 1 所以5<<2结果是20 即4+16=20 右移两位 5>>2 1 所以结果是1 按位与 5&3 5的二进制 101 3的二进制是110 1 0 1 1 1 0 得出结果 1 0 0 竖向看：1和1与是1，0和1与是0，1和0与是0，所以得出的结果是1 按位或 5|3 5的二进制 101 3的二进制是110 1 0 1 1 1 0 得出结果 1 1 1 竖向看：1和1或是1，0和1或是1，1和0或是1，所以得出的结果是1+2+4=7
七 基本数据类型
比如数字来说:
数字的方法都放在int类中，而数字是类的实例化。 如上图所示
1 整型
n1=4 n2=4 print(n1.__add__(n2)) a=18 print("the num 18 's bit is:",a.bit_length())
1 class int(object): 2 """ 3 int(x=0) -> integer 4 int(x, base=10) -> integer 5 6 Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments 7 are given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating point 8 numbers, this truncates towards zero. 9 10 If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string, 11 bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the 12 given base. The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded 13 by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. 14 Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal. 15 >>> int('0b100', base=0) 16 4 17 """ 18 def bit_length(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 19 """ 计算给出数字的二进制最小位数 20 int.bit_length() -> int 21 22 Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary. 23 >>> bin(37) 24 '0b100101' 25 >>> (37).bit_length() 26 6 27 """ 28 return 0 29 30 def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 31 """返回该复数的共轭复数""" 32 """ Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. """ 33 pass 34 35 @classmethod # known case 36 def from_bytes(cls, bytes, byteorder, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; NOTE: unreliably restored from __doc__ 37 """ 38 int.from_bytes(bytes, byteorder, *, signed=False) -> int 39 40 Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes. 41 42 The bytes argument must be a bytes-like object (e.g. bytes or bytearray). 43 44 The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the 45 integer. If byteorder is 'big', the most significant byte is at the 46 beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is 'little', the most 47 significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native 48 byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder' as the byte order value. 49 50 The signed keyword-only argument indicates whether two's complement is 51 used to represent the integer. 52 """ 53 pass 54 55 def to_bytes(self, length, byteorder, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; NOTE: unreliably restored from __doc__ 56 """ 57 int.to_bytes(length, byteorder, *, signed=False) -> bytes 58 59 Return an array of bytes representing an integer. 60 61 The integer is represented using length bytes. An OverflowError is 62 raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of 63 bytes. 64 65 The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the 66 integer. If byteorder is 'big', the most significant byte is at the 67 beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is 'little', the most 68 significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native 69 byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder' as the byte order value. 70 71 The signed keyword-only argument determines whether two's complement is 72 used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer 73 is given, an OverflowError is raised. 74 """ 75 pass 76 77 def __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 78 """ 返回绝对值 """ 79 80 """ abs(self) """ 81 pass 82 83 def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 84 """ Return self+value. """ 85 pass 86 87 def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 88 """ Return self&value. """ 89 pass 90 91 def __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 92 """ self != 0 """ 93 pass 94 95 def __ceil__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 96 """ Ceiling of an Integral returns itself. """ 97 pass 98 99 def __divmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 100 """ 101 相除，得到商和余数组成的元组 102 Return divmod(self, value). """ 103 pass 104 105 def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 106 """ Return self==value. """ 107 pass 108 109 def __float__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 110 """ 111 转换为浮点类型 112 float(self) """ 113 pass 114 115 def __floordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 116 """ Return self//value. """ 117 pass 118 119 def __floor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 120 """ Flooring an Integral returns itself. """ 121 pass 122 123 def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 124 pass 125 126 def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 127 """ Return getattr(self, name). """ 128 pass 129 130 def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 131 pass 132 133 def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 134 """ Return self>=value. """ 135 pass 136 137 def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 138 """ Return self>value. """ 139 pass 140 141 def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 142 """ Return hash(self). """ 143 pass 144 145 def __index__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 146 """ Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list. """ 147 pass 148 149 def __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__ 150 """ 151 int(x=0) -> integer 152 int(x, base=10) -> integer 153 154 Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments 155 are given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating point 156 numbers, this truncates towards zero. 157 158 If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string, 159 bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the 160 given base. The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded 161 by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. 162 Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal. 163 >>> int('0b100', base=0) 164 4 165 # (copied from class doc) 166 """ 167 pass 168 169 def __int__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 170 """ int(self) """ 171 pass 172 173 def __invert__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 174 """ ~self """ 175 pass 176 177 def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 178 """ Return self<=value. """ 179 pass 180 181 def __lshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 182 """ Return self<<value. """ 183 pass 184 185 def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 186 """ Return self<value. """ 187 pass 188 189 def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 190 """ Return self%value. """ 191 pass 192 193 def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 194 """ Return self*value. """ 195 pass 196 197 def __neg__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 198 """ -self """ 199 pass 200 201 @staticmethod # known case of __new__ 202 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 203 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ 204 pass 205 206 def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 207 """ Return self!=value. """ 208 pass 209 210 def __or__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 211 """ Return self|value. """ 212 pass 213 214 def __pos__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 215 """ +self """ 216 pass 217 218 def __pow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 219 """ Return pow(self, value, mod). """ 220 pass 221 222 def __radd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 223 """ Return value+self. """ 224 pass 225 226 def __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 227 """ Return value&self. """ 228 pass 229 230 def __rdivmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 231 """ Return divmod(value, self). """ 232 pass 233 234 def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 235 """ Return repr(self). """ 236 pass 237 238 def __rfloordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 239 """ Return value//self. """ 240 pass 241 242 def __rlshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 243 """ Return value<<self. """ 244 pass 245 246 def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 247 """ Return value%self. """ 248 pass 249 250 def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 251 """ Return value*self. """ 252 pass 253 254 def __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 255 """ Return value|self. """ 256 pass 257 258 def __round__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 259 """ 260 Rounding an Integral returns itself. 261 Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer. 262 """ 263 pass 264 265 def __rpow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 266 """ Return pow(value, self, mod). """ 267 pass 268 269 def __rrshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 270 """ Return value>>self. """ 271 pass 272 273 def __rshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 274 """ Return self>>value. """ 275 pass 276 277 def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 278 """ Return value-self. """ 279 pass 280 281 def __rtruediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 282 """ Return value/self. """ 283 pass 284 285 def __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 286 """ Return value^self. """ 287 pass 288 289 def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 290 """ Returns size in memory, in bytes """ 291 pass 292 293 def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 294 """ Return str(self). """ 295 pass 296 297 def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 298 """ Return self-value. """ 299 pass 300 301 def __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 302 """ Return self/value. """ 303 pass 304 305 def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 306 """ Truncating an Integral returns itself. """ 307 pass 308 309 def __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 310 """ Return self^value. """ 311 pass 312 313 denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 314 """the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms""" 315 316 imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 317 """the imaginary part of a complex number""" 318 319 numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 320 """the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms""" 321 322 real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 323 """the real part of a complex number"""
2、布尔值
真或假
1 或 0
3、字符串
"hello world"
万恶的字符串拼接：
python中的字符串在C语言中体现为是一个字符数组，每次创建字符串时候需要在内存中开辟一块连续的空，并且一旦需要修改字符串的话，就需要再次开辟空间，万恶的+号每出现一次就会在内从中重新开辟一块空间。
字符串格式化
name = "alex" print "i am %s " % name #输出: i am alex
PS: 字符串是 %s;整数 %d;浮点数%f
字符串常用功能： 后面有练习- 移除空白
- 分割
- 长度
- 索引
- 切片
class str(object): """ str(object='') -> str str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler. Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined) or repr(object). encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). errors defaults to 'strict'. """ def capitalize(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ #将 字符串首字母 小写改大写 S.capitalize() -> str Return a capitalized version of S, i.e. make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case. """ return "" def casefold(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ S.casefold() -> str Return a version of S suitable for caseless comparisons. """ return "" def center(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 可以为字符串 填充自定字符 长度=字符+指定字符 S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> str Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space) """ return "" def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 下面是详细参数： 子串：是要搜索的子串。 开始：从该指数开始搜索。第一个字符从索引0开始。通过默认搜索引擎从索引0开始。 结束：搜索从该指数结束。第一个字符从索引0开始。默认情况下，搜索结束，在最后一个索引。 S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. """ return 0 def encode(self, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 编码 上面有介绍 S.encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') -> bytes Encode S using the codec registered for encoding. Default encoding is 'utf-8'. errors may be given to set a different error handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors. """ return b"" def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 以 某个字符结束 suffix -- 该参数可以是一个字符串或者是一个元素。 start -- 字符串中的开始位置。 end -- 字符中结束位置。 返回值 如果字符串含有指定的后缀返回True，否则返回False。 S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try. """ return False def expandtabs(self, tabsize=8): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 把tab转换成空格 S.expandtabs(tabsize=8) -> str Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed. """ return "" def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ find(str, pos_start, pos_end) 解释： str:被查找“字串” pos_start:查找的首字母位置（从0开始计数。默认：0） pos_end: 查找的末尾位置（默认-1） 返回值：如果查到：返回查找的第一个出现的位置。否则，返回-1。 S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure. """ return 0 def format(*args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format """ 占位符 类似变量引用 s = "print hell {0} ,age {1}" print(s.format('alex',19)) S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). """ pass def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """字符串格式化，动态参数，将函数式编程时细说 S.format_map(mapping) -> str Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). """ return "" def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ #跟find类似但是 没有找到的话会报错。 而find是返回-1 S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found. """ return 0 def isalnum(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ #判断是否是数字和字母 S.isalnum() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isalpha(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """是否是字母 S.isalpha() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isdecimal(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ S.isdecimal() -> bool Return True if there are only decimal characters in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isdigit(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 是否是数字 S.isdigit() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are digits and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isidentifier(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ S.isidentifier() -> bool Return True if S is a valid identifier according to the language definition. Use keyword.iskeyword() to test for reserved identifiers such as "def" and "class". """ return False def islower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """是否小写字母 S.islower() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isnumeric(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ S.isnumeric() -> bool Return True if there are only numeric characters in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isprintable(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ S.isprintable() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are considered printable in repr() or S is empty, False otherwise. """ return False def isspace(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """是否是空格 S.isspace() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are whitespace and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def istitle(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 是否是标题 字符串开头是大写 后面是小写 S.istitle() -> bool Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one character in S, i.e. upper- and titlecase characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False otherwise. """ return False def isupper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 是否是大写 S.isupper() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def join(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 拼接 后面有例子 S.join(iterable) -> str Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the iterable. The separator between elements is S. """ return "" def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 内容左对齐，右侧填充 ljust()方法语法： str.ljust(width[, fillchar]) 参数 width -- 指定字符串长度。 fillchar -- 填充字符，默认为空格。 返回值 返回一个原字符串左对齐,并使用空格填充至指定长度的新字符串。如果指定的长度小于原字符串的长度则返回原字符串。 S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> str Return S left-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). """ return "" def lower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 转换为小写 S.lower() -> str Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase. """ return "" def lstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 去除左侧开头空白 S.lstrip([chars]) -> str Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. """ return "" def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return a translation table usable for str.translate(). If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result. """ pass def partition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 以指定 字符 开始分割 指定的字符也显示 S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, return S and two empty strings. """ pass def replace(self, old, new, count=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 替换 old -- 将被替换的子字符串。 new -- 新字符串，用于替换old子字符串。 max -- 可选字符串, 替换不超过 max 次 返回值 返回字符串中的 old（旧字符串） 替换成 new(新字符串)后生成的新字符串，如果指定第三个参数max，则替换不超过 max 次。 S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced. """ return "" def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 从右开始查找 S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure. """ return 0 def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 顾名思义从右侧匹配 S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found. """ return 0 def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 从右侧 填充 S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> str Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). """ return "" def rpartition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 从右侧开始找到 分割 分割字符也显示 S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, return two empty strings and S. """ pass def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 从右侧开始分割 sep是指定几个 S.rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string is a separator. """ return [] def rstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 从右侧 去除结尾的空格 S.rstrip([chars]) -> str Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. """ return "" def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 分割 sep是几个算分割符 S.split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed from the result. """ return [] def splitlines(self, keepends=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true. """ return [] def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 指定以什么开始 S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try. """ return False def strip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 去除两端空格 S.strip([chars]) -> str Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. """ return "" def swapcase(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 大写转小写小写转大写 S.swapcase() -> str Return a copy of S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase and vice versa. """ return "" def title(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ S.title() -> str Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with title case characters, all remaining cased characters have lower case. """ return "" def translate(self, table): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 转换，需要先做一个对应表，最后一个表示删除字符集合 intab = "aeiou" outtab = "12345" trantab = maketrans(intab, outtab) str = "this is string example....wow!!!"print str.translate(trantab, 'xm') S.translate(table) -> str Return a copy of the string S in which each character has been mapped through the given translation table. The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list, mapping Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted. """ return "" def upper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 大写显示 S.upper() -> str Return a copy of S converted to uppercase. """ return "" def zfill(self, width): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 方法返回指定长度的字符串，原字符串右对齐，前面填充0。 S.zfill(width) -> str Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the specified width. The string S is never truncated. """ return "" def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self+value. """ pass def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return key in self. """ pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self==value. """ pass def __format__(self, format_spec): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ S.__format__(format_spec) -> str Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec. """ return "" def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return getattr(self, name). """ pass def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self[key]. """ pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self>=value. """ pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self>value. """ pass def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return hash(self). """ pass def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__ """ str(object='') -> str str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler. Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined) or repr(object). encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). errors defaults to 'strict'. # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Implement iter(self). """ pass def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return len(self). """ pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self<=value. """ pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self<value. """ pass def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self%value. """ pass def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self*value.n """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self!=value. """ pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return repr(self). """ pass def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return value%self. """ pass def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self*value. """ pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """ pass def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return str(self). """ pass
示例
#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ __author__ = 'liujianzuo' a1 = "Alex" print(a1.capitalize()) b="alex alex alex" print(b.center(20,"*")) print(b.count("le",1,9)) print(b.find("xxlex")) print(b.istitle()) print(b.partition("le")) print(b.replace("ale","ALE",2)) print(b.split("le",2)) print(a1.swapcase()) print(a1.upper()) print(a1.zfill(20)) print(a1.__add__("dfsf")) s = " hell {0} ,age {1}" print(s.format('alex',19)) print("字符串的分片",a1[0],a1[0:2],a1[0:])
注意： strip()
1 可以去除两端空格
2 可以去除末尾\n
3 可以去除 空行
4 可以传如参数，比如
n = “hello”
s = n.strip（“o”）
print s 结果是 = ‘hell’
4、列表
创建列表：
name_list = ['alex', 'seven', 'eric'] 或 name_list ＝ list(['alex', 'seven', 'eric'])
基本操作：
- 索引
- 切片
- 追加
- 删除
- 长度
- 切片
- 循环
- 包含
class list(object): """ list() -> new empty list list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items """ def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 添加 元素 L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end """ pass def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 清空元素 L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L """ pass def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 浅copy L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L """ return [] def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 匹配 value的个数 L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """ return 0 def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 拼接两个列表 L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """ pass def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 返回 某个value 的索引 L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. """ return 0 def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 指定索引位置处添加元素 L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """ pass def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 删除结尾的元素 L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last). Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range. """ pass def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 移除 从左测匹配的第一个元素 L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. """ pass def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 反转列表 L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """ pass def sort(self, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 排序 但是int str不行 L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE* """ pass def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self+value. """ pass def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return key in self. """ pass def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Delete self[key]. """ pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self==value. """ pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return getattr(self, name). """ pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """ pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self>=value. """ pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self>value. """ pass def __iadd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Implement self+=value. """ pass def __imul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Implement self*=value. """ pass def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of list.__init__ """ list() -> new empty list list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Implement iter(self). """ pass def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return len(self). """ pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self<=value. """ pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self<value. """ pass def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self*value.n """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self!=value. """ pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return repr(self). """ pass def __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list """ pass def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self*value. """ pass def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Set self[key] to value. """ pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes """ pass __hash__ = None
示例：
###### 列表 ########## #!/usr/bin/env python # _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ __author__ = 'liujianzuo' lis=[1,2,3,'alex'] cc=[5,5] print(lis.count("alex")) lis.extend(cc) print(lis) name_list = ["eirc", "alex", 'tony'] """ # 索引 print(name_list[0]) # 切片 print(name_list[0:2]) # len print(name_list[2:len(name_list)]) # for for i in name_list: print(i) #join 方法，拼接字符串 li = ["alex","eric"] name = "li jie" ss = "_".join(li) s = "_".join(name) print(s,ss) """ # 列表内部提供的其他功能 # append后追加 name_list.append('seven') name_list.append('seven') name_list.append('seven') print(name_list) # 元素出现的次数 print(name_list.count('seven')) # iterable，可迭代的 temp = [111,22,33,44] # 扩展，批量添加 name_list.extend(temp) print(name_list) # 获取指定元素的索引位置 print(name_list.index('alex')) # 向指定索引位置插入数据 name_list.insert(1, 'SB') print(name_list) # 在原列表中移除掉最后一个元素，并将其赋值给 a1 a1 = name_list.pop() print(name_list) print(a1) # 移除某个元素 name_list.remove('seven') print(name_list) # 翻转 name_list.reverse() print(name_list) # 删除指定索引位置 print(name_list) del name_list[1:3] print(name_list)
列表练习
1 列表表示：key 下表 列表 2 root@python:~# python 3 Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56) 4 [GCC 4.8.2] on linux2 5 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 6 列表创建 7 >>> names = ['IBM','Blue Polo','TieZhuang','DaShuai'] 8 查看列表的值 数字是列表元素的下标 9 >>> names[0] 10 'IBM' 11 >>> names[1] 12 'Blue Polo' 13 >>> names[2] 14 'TieZhuang' 15 看最后一个值 16 >>> names[-1] 17 'DaShuai' 18 19 列表的元素位置取值 20 聚合另一个列表 21 >>> names.extend(range(1000)) #range（1000）是创建1000个数字的列表，extend是聚合names原来的列表追加上1000个数字 22 >>> names #看全部的值 23 24 25 取前十个值 26 >>> names[0:9] 27 ['IBM', 'Blue Polo', 'TieZhuang', 'DaShuai', 0, 1, 2, 3, 4] 28 取后五个值 29 >>> names[-5:-1] #不对 30 [995, 996, 997, 998] 31 32 >>> names[-5:] #正确的写法 33 [995, 996, 997, 998, 999] 34 35 Names的内置函数讲解 36 37 Names.append() 追加列表的值 38 >>> names.append(559) #末尾追加559 39 >>> names[-3:] #查看后三位 40 [998, 999, 559] 41 42 Names.index() 查看列表该值所在的索引位置 43 >>> names.index(559) #查看559 所在的索引位置 44 563 45 >>> names.insert(500,'IBM') 46 >>> names[500] 47 'IBM' 48 49 找到列表值为559 50 再添加一个559 51 >>> names.append(559) 52 看一下有没有 53 >>> names[-3:] 54 [998, 999, 559] 55 看一下索引 56 >>> names.index(559) 57 563 58 取到值559 59 >>> names[names.index(559)] 60 559 61 names.count()查看列表值的个数 62 63 >>> names[-3:] 64 [999, 559, 'liujianzuo'] 65 >>> names.count(559) 66 2 67 >>> names.count('IBM') 68 2 69 Names.insert()指定位置插入值 70 >>> names.insert(600,'IBM') 71 >>> names.insert(650,'IBM') 72 >>> names.count('IBM') 73 4 74 names[$index] = ‘key’改列表中某个值为另一个值 75 >>> names.index('IBM') 76 0 77 >>> names[names.index('IBM')] 78 'IBM' 79 >>> names[names.index('IBM')] = 'IBm' 80 >>> names.index('IBm') 81 0 82 >>> names[0] 83 'IBm' 84 再次查看 下一个IBM索引变道500了 85 >>> names[names.index('IBM')] 86 'IBM' 87 >>> names.index('IBM') 88 500 89 90 练习：批量替换 列表中的IBM 为HP 91 root@python:/home/liujianzuo/py_training/seminar6/day2# cat liebiao.py 92 #!/usr/bin/env python 93 names = ['IBM','alex','liujianzuo','ddd'] 94 #names = [] 95 names.extend(range(1000)) 96 #naems = names + range(1000) 97 names.insert(100,'IBM') 98 names.insert(200,'IBM') 99 names.insert(300,'IBM') 100 101 102 for i in range(names.count('IBM')): 103 ibm_index = names.index('IBM') 104 print " IBM's INDEX :" , ibm_index 105 names[ibm_index] = 'HP' 106 print "HP's count num is :" ,names.count('HP') 107 108 三个注意 ：批量替换 列表中的IBM 为HP： 109 1、print格式 110 print “输出描述内容” 逗号 变量 111 Print 变量值输出来，如果我要把描述内容放在变量前面，一定要记得加逗号，不然会报错 112 root@python:/home/liujianzuo/py_training/seminar6/day2# python liebiao.py 113 File "liebiao.py", line 15 114 print "HP's count num is :" names.count('HP') 115 116 2、如果要赋值一个空列表 117 #names = [] 118 3、聚合两个列表的另一种方法 119 #naems = names + range(1000) 120 names.extend(range(1000)) 121 122 A.pop() a.remove() a.reverse() 123 root@python:~# python 124 Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56) 125 [GCC 4.8.2] on linux2 126 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 127 赋值一个列表 128 >>> a = range(100) 129 >>> a 130 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99] 131 A.pop()删除最后一个元素 132 >>> a.pop() 133 99 134 >>> a 135 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98] 136 a.remove(23) 移除列表内容 137 >>> import tab 138 >>> a.remove(23) 139 >>> a 140 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98] 141 测试remove 142 >>> a.insert(23,'IBM') 143 >>> a.remove(23) 144 Traceback (most recent call last): 145 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 146 ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list 147 >>> a.index('IBM' 148 ... 149 KeyboardInterrupt 150 >>> a.index('IBM') 151 23 152 >>> a.remove('IBM') 153 >>> a 154 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98] 155 a.reverse() 反转列表元素 156 >>> a.reverse() 157 >>> a 158 [98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 91, 90, 89, 88, 87, 86, 85, 84, 83, 82, 81, 80, 79, 78, 77, 76, 75, 74, 73, 72, 71, 70, 69, 68, 67, 66, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57, 56, 55, 54, 53, 52, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0] 159 A.sort()排序列表 160 数字 大写字母 小写字母 161 >>> a.insert(3,5) 162 >>> a 163 [98, 97, 96, 5, 95, 94, 93, 92, 91, 90, 89, 88, 87, 86, 85, 84, 83, 82, 81, 80, 79, 78, 77, 76, 75, 74, 73, 72, 71, 70, 69, 68, 67, 66, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57, 56, 55, 54, 53, 52, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0] 164 >>> a.sort() 165 >>> a 166 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98] 167 >>> a.insert(5,'a') 168 >>> a.insert(5,'A') 169 >>> a.insert(5,'B') 170 >>> a.insert(5,'b') 171 >>> a 172 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 'b', 'B', 'A', 'a', 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98] 173 >>> a.sort() 174 >>> a 175 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 'A', 'B', 'a', 'b'] 176 >>> a.insert(11,'~') 177 >>> a.insert(11,'!') 178 >>> a.insert(11,'#') 179 >>> a.insert(11,'@') 180 >>> a 181 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, '@', '#', '!', '~', 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 'A', 'B', 'a', 'b'] 182 >>> a.sort() 183 >>> a 184 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, '!', '#', '@', 'A', 'B', 'a', 'b', '~'] 185 String方法 186 >>> import string 187 >>> string.ascii_letters 188 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' 189 >>> string.ascii_ 190 string.ascii_letters string.ascii_uppercase 191 string.ascii_lowercase 192 >>> string.ascii_lowercase 193 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' 194 >>> a = string.ascii_lowercase 195 >>> a 196 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' 197 list(a)将连续的列表做成字符列表 198 >>> list(a 199 a all( any( as 200 abs( and apply( assert 201 >>> list(a) 202 ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'] 203 >>> a.split() 204 ['abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'] 205 >>> a 206 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' 207 >>> str(a) 208 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' 209 >>> a 210 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' 211 Join方法将分散的多个元素组成一个元素的列表 212 '|'.join(a) 以竖划线为分隔符作为a列表的分割元素分割 213 >>> a = list(string.ascii_lowercase) 214 >>> a 215 ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'] 216 >>> type(a 217 a all( any( as 218 abs( and apply( assert 219 >>> type(a) 220 <type 'list'> 221 >>> str(a) 222 "['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']" 223 >>> 224 >>> str(a) 225 "['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']" 226 >>> a[0] 227 'a' 228 >>> a[1] 229 'b' 230 >>> ''.join(a) 231 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' 232 >>> '_'.join(a) 233 'a_b_c_d_e_f_g_h_i_j_k_l_m_n_o_p_q_r_s_t_u_v_w_x_y_z' 234 >>> '|'.join(a) 235 'a|b|c|d|e|f|g|h|i|j|k|l|m|n|o|p|q|r|s|t|u|v|w|x|y|z' 236 >>> a[1] 237 'b' 238 239 Str（）的用法 例如file是只能写入字符串的我想写入数字 240 >>> type(4) 241 <type 'int'> 242 >>> type(str(4)) 243 <type 'str'> 244 将数组写入文件f.readlines(数组) 245 246 >>> f = open('test2.txt','w') 247 >>> f.write(5) 248 Traceback (most recent call last): 249 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 250 TypeError: expected a character buffer object 251 >>> a 252 ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'] 253 >>> f.writelines(a) 254 >>> f.close() 255 root@python:~# cat test2.txt 256 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 257 258 259 程序在写文件的时候还没保存，另一个程序要调用用一个文件如何办 260 例如： 261 你在vi一个文件的时候，你用python的file方法写了数据到该文件。你vi这个文件无法保存。 262 Python写文件系统内核不会给你加锁，而vi枷锁了，例如vi产生一个swp文件 263 Python没加 靠自己判断了。 264 Python判断文件打开了？？？ 265 266 With opne(file) as 别名 不用关闭文件，with语法结束之后文件就关闭。 解决长时间运行程序的方法 267 打开文件不要忘记关闭它不要让程序去关闭它，尤其是运行好些天的程序，程序打开了高些文件后，运行几天后，这个程序的cpu就百分之百了。会维护者好几个文件打开者的句柄 268 269 270 >>> with open ('test2.txt','r') as f: 271 ... for i in f.readlines(): 272 ... print i 273 ... 274 Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 275 276 >>> with open ('test2.txt','a') as f: 277 ... f.write('\n+++++') 278 ... 279 280 Del 删除内存的东西 删除列表的指定内容元素 281 >>> a=range(40) 282 >>> a 283 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39] 284 >>> 285 286 >>> del a[6:11] 287 >>> a 288 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39] 289 >>> b=a[7:20] 290 >>> b 291 [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24] 292 >>> del b 293 >>> b 294 Traceback (most recent call last): 295 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 296 NameError: name 'b' is not defined
5、元组
创建元祖： 元组一旦创建 不等增加也不能减少
ages = (11, 22, 33, 44, 55) 或 ages = tuple((11, 22, 33, 44, 55))
基本操作：
索引
切片
循环
长度
包含
class tuple(object): """ tuple() -> empty tuple tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object. """ def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 计算 value的个数 T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """ return 0 def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 索引 T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. """ return 0 def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self+value. """ pass def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return key in self. """ pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self==value. """ pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return getattr(self, name). """ pass def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self[key]. """ pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self>=value. """ pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self>value. """ pass def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return hash(self). """ pass def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__ """ tuple() -> empty tuple tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object. # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Implement iter(self). """ pass def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return len(self). """ pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self<=value. """ pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self<value. """ pass def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self*value.n """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self!=value. """ pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return repr(self). """ pass def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self*value. """ pass
示例：
############### 元组 ################# name_tuple = ('alex', 'eric') # 索引 print(name_tuple[0]) # len print(name_tuple[len(name_tuple)-1]) # 切片 print(name_tuple[0:1]) # for for i in name_tuple: print(i) # 删除 # del name_tuple[0] 不支持 # count，计算元素出现的个数 print(name_tuple.count('alex')) # index 获取指定元素的索引位置 print(name_tuple.index('alex'))
元组练习
不想别人改 默认变量 等。 别人调用你的程序元组。别人该你的不想改 用元组 只有两个方法 c.count( c.index( tuple(列表)列表变元组 >>> a = range(10) >>> a [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> d=tuple(a) >>> d (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) list(元组)元组变列表 >>> d (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) >>> e = list(a) >>> e [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
6、字典（无序）
创建字典：
person = {"name": "mr.wu", 'age': 18}
或
person = dict({"name": "mr.wu", 'age': 18})
常用操作：
- 索引
- 新增
- 删除
- 键、值、键值对
- 循环
- 长度
class dict(object): """ dict() -> new empty dictionary dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's (key, value) pairs dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via: d = {} for k, v in iterable: d[k] = v dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2) """ def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 清除 字典 D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D. """ pass def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 浅拷贝 D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """ pass @staticmethod # known case def fromkeys(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value. """ pass def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 根据key获取 d是默认是 为 None D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None. """ pass def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 将字典的key value都打印成列表元组 D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items """ pass def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """打印字典的key D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys """ pass def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 获取并在字典中移除 D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value. If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised """ pass def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 获取并在列表中移除 D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty. """ pass def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """如果key不存在，则创建，如果存在，则返回已存在的值且不修改 D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """ pass def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update """ D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F. If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k] If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does: for k, v in E: D[k] = v In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k] """ pass def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 所有的值 D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values """ pass def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ True if D has a key k, else False. """ pass def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Delete self[key]. """ pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self==value. """ pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return getattr(self, name). """ pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """ pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self>=value. """ pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self>value. """ pass def __init__(self, seq=None, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__ """ dict() -> new empty dictionary dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's (key, value) pairs dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via: d = {} for k, v in iterable: d[k] = v dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2) # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Implement iter(self). """ pass def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return len(self). """ pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self<=value. """ pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self<value. """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self!=value. """ pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return repr(self). """ pass def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Set self[key] to value. """ pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes """ pass __hash__ = None
示例：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
__author__ = 'liujianzuo'
dic={1:2,"alex":4,4:9}
print(dic.get("alex"))
print(dic.items())
print(dic.keys())
print(dic.values())
print(dic.pop(2,None))
print(dic.setdefault("name","rain"))
###################### 字典 ################### # 字典的每一个元素，键值对 user_info = { 0: "alex", "age": 73, 2: 'M' } # 0 “alex" # 1 73 # 索引 # print(user_info[0]) # print(user_info["age"]) # 循环，默认值输出key # for i in user_info: # print(i) # # 获取所有键 # print(user_info.keys()) # # 获取所有值 # print(user_info.values()) # # 获取所有键值对 # print(user_info.items()) # for i in user_info.keys(): # print(i) # # for i in user_info.values(): # print(i) # user_info = { # 0: "alex", # "age": 73, # 2: 'M' # } # for k,v in user_info.items(): # print(k) # print(v) # clear，清除所有内容 # user_info.clear() # print(user_info) # get 根据key获取值，如果key不存在，可以指定一个默认值 # val = user_info.get('age') # print(val) # val = user_info.get('age', '123') # print(val) # 索引取值时，key不存在，报错 # print(user_info['age']) # print(user_info['age1111']) # has_key 检查字典中指定key是否存在 3版本python没有了 可以用in 判断 # ret = 'agfffe' in user_info.keys() # print(ret) # pop # popitem # update # print(user_info) # test = { # "a1": 123, # 'a2': 456 # } # user_info.update(test) # print(user_info) # 删除指定索引的键值对 test = { "a1": 123, 'a2': 456 } del test['a1'] print(test)
PS：循环，range，continue 和 break
字典练习
1 value末尾不要忘记加逗号 2 contact = { 3 '222' : ['dfas','fdas','hjgkj'], 4 'gkgj' : ['dsfa','dsfa'], 5 '3333' : ['dsfa','dsfa'], 6 '324234' : ['dsaf','fdasfsa'] 7 } 8 9 print contact['222'] #打印字典的key为222的value 10 contact['222'][2] = '12314' #将该key的第二个value改为12314 11 print contact['222'] #打印字典的key为222的value 12 13 执行结果 14 C:\Python27\python.exe //192.168.92.131/Share/py_training/seminar6/day2/dict.py 15 ['dfas', 'fdas', 'hjgkj'] 16 ['dfas', 'fdas', '12314'] 17 18 19 contact = { 20 '222' : ['alex','it','num'], 21 '3333' : ['dsfa','dsfa'], 22 '324234' : ['dsaf','fdasfsa'] 23 } 24 字典的内置函数 25 >>> contact = { 26 ... '222' : ['alex','it','num'], 27 ... '3333' : ['dsfa','dsfa'], 28 ... '324234' : ['dsaf','fdasfsa'] 29 ... } 30 >>> import tab 31 >>> contact. 32 contact.clear( 33 contact.copy( 34 contact.fromkeys( 35 contact.get( 36 contact.has_key( 37 contact.items( 38 contact.iteritems( 39 contact.iterkeys( 40 contact.itervalues( 41 contact.keys( 42 contact.pop( 43 contact.popitem( 44 contact.setdefault( 45 contact.update( 46 contact.values( 47 contact.viewitems( 48 contact.viewkeys( 49 contact.viewvalues(
1 2版本python 查看字典有没有这个key 2 >>> contact['4343'] 3 Traceback (most recent call last): 4 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 5 KeyError: '4343' 6 >>> contact.has_key('343') 7 False 8 >>> contact.has_key('3333') 9 True 10 清空字典contact.clear() 11 >>> contact.clear() 12 13 字典做列表contact.items() 14 >>> contact.items() 15 [('3333', ['dsfa', 'dsfa']), ('222', ['alex', 'it', 'num']), ('324234', ['dsaf', 'fdasfsa'])] 16 实验操作 一个参数只打印key 17 contact = { 18 '222' : ['alex','it','num'], 19 '3333' : ['dsfa','dsfa'], 20 '324234' : ['dsaf','fdasfsa'] 21 } 22 23 for i in contact: 24 print i,contact[i] 25 C:\Python27\python.exe //192.168.92.131/Share/py_training/seminar6/day2/dict.py 26 3333 ['dsfa', 'dsfa'] 27 222 ['alex', 'it', 'num'] 28 324234 ['dsaf', 'fdasfsa'] 29 30 contact.items() Key和value都打印 31 contact = { 32 '222' : ['alex','it','num'], 33 '3333' : ['dsfa','dsfa'], 34 '324234' : ['dsaf','fdasfsa'] 35 } 36 for k,v in contact.items(): 37 print k,v 38 C:\Python27\python.exe //192.168.92.131/Share/py_training/seminar6/day2/dict.py 39 3333 ['dsfa', 'dsfa'] 40 222 ['alex', 'it', 'num'] 41 324234 ['dsaf', 'fdasfsa'] 42 注意 43 Contact.item()会把一个字典转换成列表，但是大数据的话，会花费一定时间的，那种情况下就会慢，特别大的数据不建议循环。如果非要在大数据循环用如下办法： 44 for i in contact: 45 print i,contact[i] 46 几万条数据没关系 47 48 49 字典增加、修改数据 50 a.get('key') 来确定这个key是否存在而不报错 51 >>> a = {'name':'alex','age':'29'} 52 >>> a['sex'] 53 Traceback (most recent call last): 54 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 55 KeyError: 'sex' 56 >>> b=a.get('sex') #字典没有sex 57 >>> b 58 >>> print b #查看为None 59 None 60 >>> b=a.get('name') 61 >>> b 62 'alex' 63 >>> print b 64 alex 65 > a.iteritems() 迭代器介绍 后面介绍 66 >>> a.iteritems() 67 <dictionary-itemiterator object at 0x7ff61e25b680> 68 >>> print '这是一个迭代器 加速搜索过程' 69 这是一个迭代器 加速搜索过程 70 > a.keys()显示字典的key 71 >>> a.keys() 72 ['age', 'name'] 73 > a.values()显示字典value 74 >>> a.values() 75 ['29', 'alex'] 76 a.pop() 删除key 77 >>> a.pop() 78 Traceback (most recent call last): 79 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 80 TypeError: pop expected at least 1 arguments, got 0 81 >>> a.pop('age') 82 '29' 83 >>> a 84 {'name': 'alex'} 85 > a['age']=29 > a['sex']='Feale' 增加更改字典的内容 86 >>> a['age']=29 87 >>> a['sex']='Male' 88 >>> a 89 {'age': 29, 'name': 'alex', 'sex': 'Male'} 90 >>> a['sex']='Feale' 91 >>> a 92 {'age': 29, 'name': 'alex', 'sex': 'Feale'} 93 字典是无序的 94 95 >>> a['birthday']=0624 96 >>> a 97 {'age': 29, 'birthday': 404, 'name': 'alex', 'sex': 'Feale'} 98 >>> a['country']='CN' 99 >>> a 100 {'country': 'CN', 'age': 29, 'birthday': 404, 'name': 'alex', 'sex': 'Feale'} 101 >>> print '字典是无序的' 102 字典是无序的 103 a.popitem()也是无序删除的 104 >>> a.popitem() 105 ('country', 'CN') 106 >>> a.popitem() 107 ('age', 29) 108 >>> a.popitem() 109 ('birthday', 404) 110 注意 a.popitem()也是无序删除的 111 112 >a.setdefault保护字典的数据 113 >>> a.setdefault('Occupation') 114 >>> a 115 {'name': 'alex', 'country': 'CN', 'sex': 'Feale', 'birthday': 404, 'Occupation': None} 116 >>> a.setdefault('Occupation','IT') 117 >>> a 118 {'name': 'alex', 'country': 'CN', 'sex': 'Feale', 'birthday': 404, 'Occupation': None} 119 >>> a.setdefault('Height','170') 120 '170' 121 >>> a 122 {'name': 'alex', 'country': 'CN', 'sex': 'Feale', 'birthday': 404, 'Height': '170', 'Occupation': None} 123 >>> a.setdefault('Height','190') 124 '170' 125 >>> a 126 {'name': 'alex', 'country': 'CN', 'sex': 'Feale', 'birthday': 404, 'Height': '170', 'Occupation': None} 127 >>> 128 129 聚合字典a.update() 130 131 >>> a.update() 132 >>> a 133 {'name': 'alex', 'country': 'CN', 'sex': 'Feale', 'birthday': 404, 'Height': '170', 'Occupation': None} 134 >>> b={1:2,2:3,3:4} 135 >>> a.update(b) 136 >>> a 137 {1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 4, 'name': 'alex', 'country': 'CN', 'sex': 'Feale', 'birthday': 404, 'Height': '170', 'Occupation': None} 138 >>> b={1:2,2:3,3:66} 139 >>> b 140 {1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 66} 141 >>> a.update(b) 142 >>> a 143 {1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 66, 'name': 'alex', 'country': 'CN', 'sex': 'Feale', 'birthday': 404, 'Height': '170', 'Occupation': None} 144 >>> a.values() 145 [2, 3, 66, 'alex', 'CN', 'Feale', 404, '170', None] 146 >>> a.keys() 147 [1, 2, 3, 'name', 'country', 'sex', 'birthday', 'Height', 'Occupation'] 148 >>> a.viewitems() 149 dict_items([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 66), ('name', 'alex'), ('country', 'CN'), ('sex', 'Feale'), ('birthday', 404), ('Height', '170'), ('Occupation', None)]) 150 >>> a.viewkeys() 151 dict_keys([1, 2, 3, 'name', 'country', 'sex', 'birthday', 'Height', 'Occupation']) 152 >>> v 153 Traceback (most recent call last): 154 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 155 NameError: name 'v' is not defined 156 >>> b 157 {1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 66} 158 清楚列表b.clear() 159 160 >>> b.clear() 161 >>> b 162 {} 163 >>> b['asdfa']=232 164 >>> b['sdf']='dfasf' 165 >>> b 166 {'asdfa': 232, 'sdf': 'dfasf'} 167 >>> b 168 b bool( bytearray( 169 basestring( break bytes( 170 bin( buffer( 171 删除字典 del b 172 >>> del b 173 >>> b 174 Traceback (most recent call last): 175 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 176 NameError: name 'b' is not defined 177 >>> b = {} 178 >>> b['sdf']='dfasf' 179 >>> b 180 {'sdf': 'dfasf'} 181 >>> b.copy() 182 {'sdf': 'dfasf'} 183 浅复制a.copy() b字典 a字典一样，修改a ，b不变 184 >>> b=a.copy() 185 >>> a 186 {1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 66, 'name': 'alex', 'country': 'CN', 'sex': 'Feale', 'birthday': 404, 'Height': '170', 'Occupation': None} 187 >>> b 188 {1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 66, 'name': 'alex', 'country': 'CN', 'sex': 'Feale', 'birthday': 404, 'Height': '170', 'Occupation': None} 189 >>> a[2]='T' ##改a字典的 key 2 190 >>> a 191 {1: 2, 2: 'T', 3: 66, 'name': 'alex', 'country': 'CN', 'sex': 'Feale', 'birthday': 404, 'Height': '170', 'Occupation': None} 192 >>> b #查看b 不变 193 {1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 66, 'name': 'alex', 'country': 'CN', 'sex': 'Feale', 'birthday': 404, 'Height': '170', 'Occupation': None} 194 >>> c=b #赋值字典的方法改一个都被改了 195 >>> c 196 {1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 66, 'name': 'alex', 'country': 'CN', 'sex': 'Feale', 'birthday': 404, 'Height': '170', 'Occupation': None} 197 >>> b['2']='fasdfa' 198 >>> c 199 {1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 66, 'name': 'alex', 'country': 'CN', 'sex': 'Feale', 'birthday': 404, '2': 'fasdfa', 'Height': '170', 'Occupation': None} 200 >>> b[2]=123 201 >>> c 202 {1: 2, 2: 123, 3: 66, 'name': 'alex', 'country': 'CN', 'sex': 'Feale', 'birthday': 404, '2': 'fasdfa', 'Height': '170', 'Occupation': None} 203 >>>
八 for 循环
1、for循环
用户按照顺序循环可迭代对象中的内容，
PS：break、continue
li = [11,22,33] for i in li: print(li.index(i),i)
九 enumrate
创建 序列号
li = [11,22,33] for k,v in enumerate(li, 1): print(k,v)
十 range 和xrange
迭代循环
不会先在内存中创建，而是每次循环就创建一次。节约内存。
3版本python只有range了，等同于xrange
指定范围，生成指定的数字
print range(1, 10) # 结果：[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] print range(1, 10, 2) # 结果：[1, 3, 5, 7, 9] print range(30, 0, -2) # 结果：[30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2]
例如 ：
print(range(1,10))
输出 range(1, 10) 而不是1 2 3.。。10
range用法： stop不匹配 range(start,stop,sep) 比如 range(1,10,2) 打印1 3 5 7 9 range（10,1,-1） 10 9 8 7 ... 2
练习题
1、元素分类
有如下值集合 [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90...]，将所有大于 66 的值保存至字典的第一个key中，将小于 66 的值保存至第二个key的值中。
即： {'k1': 大于66的所有值, 'k2': 小于66的所有值}
2、查找
查找列表中元素，移动空格，并查找以 a或A开头 并且以 c 结尾的所有元素。
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
3、输出商品列表，用户输入序号，显示用户选中的商品 利用 enumrate
商品 li = ["手机", "电脑", '鼠标垫', '游艇']
4、购物车
功能要求：
- 要求用户输入总资产，例如：2000
- 显示商品列表，让用户根据序号选择商品，加入购物车
- 购买，如果商品总额大于总资产，提示账户余额不足，否则，购买成功。
- 附加：可充值、某商品移除购物车
goods = [ {"name": "电脑", "price": 1999}, {"name": "鼠标", "price": 10}, {"name": "游艇", "price": 20}, {"name": "美女", "price": 998}, ]
5、用户交互，显示省市县三级联动的选择
dic = { "河北": { "石家庄": ["鹿泉", "藁城", "元氏"], "邯郸": ["永年", "涉县", "磁县"], } "河南": { ... } "山西": { ... } }
答案：
1
#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ __author__ = 'liujianzuo' list_a=[11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,111] dic = { "k1":[],"k2":[]} for i in list_a: if i <= 66: dic["k1"].append(i) else: dic["k2"].append(i) print("\033[33;1m小于66的值：\033[0m%s \n\033[35;1m大于66的值：\033[0m%s " % (dic["k1"],dic["k2"]))
2
#易错点：
if a条件 or b条件 and c条件
如果分级的话用括号包起来
if （a条件 or b条件） and c条件
#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ __author__ = 'liujianzuo' li = ["alec", " aric", "Alec", "Tony", "rain"] tu = ("adnc", " arlc", "Amx", "Tony", "rain") dic = {'k1': "arm", 'k2': ' apec', "k3": "Alc", "k4": "Tony"} a=[] b=[] c=[] for i in li: key_a=i.strip() if (key_a.startswith("a") or key_a.startswith("A")) and key_a.endswith("c"): a.append(key_a) for tup in tu: key_b = tup.strip() if (key_b.startswith("a") or key_b.startswith("A")) and key_b.endswith("c"): b.append(key_b) for key in dic.keys(): key_c = dic[key].strip() if (key_c.startswith("a") or key_c.startswith("A")) and key_c.endswith("c"): c.append(key_c) print("列表内的符合元素为：",a) print("元组内的符合元素为：",b) print("字典内内的符合元素为：",c)
3
#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ __author__ = 'liujianzuo' li = ["手机", "电脑", '鼠标垫', '游艇'] print("商品列表") for i in enumerate(li,1): print(i[0],i[1]) while True: chose=input("请选择商品：").strip() if len(chose) == 0: print("\033[31;1m输入为空，清重新输入！！\033[0m") continue elif chose.isdigit() == True: break else: print("\033[31;1m你的输入为非数字，请重新输入\033[0m") continue print("\033[31;1m选中的商品是：\033[0m",li[int(chose)-1])
4
#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ __author__ = 'liujianzuo' while True: salary = input("\033[33;1m请输入你的工资：\033[0m").strip() if len(salary) == 0: print("\033[31;1m工资不能为空重新输入~~\033[0m") continue elif salary.isdigit() != True: print("\033[31;1m输入必须是数字~~~\033[0m") continue else: break salary = int(salary) goods = [ {"name": "电脑", "price": 1999}, {"name": "鼠标", "price": 10}, {"name": "游艇", "price": 20}, {"name": "美女", "price": 998}, ] def list_goods(): print("\033[32;1m欢迎来到商城 ，商品列表：\033[0m") n = 1 for i in goods: print(n, i["name"], i["price"]) n += 1 list_goods() shop_list = [] while True: chose = input("\033[33;1m输入选中的商品 输入 quit 离开：\033[0m").strip() if len(chose) == 0: print("\033[31;1m选择不能为空重新输入~~\033[0m") continue elif chose == 'quit': while True: print("\033[34;1m购物车列表,如果要移除请选择序列号\033[0m") for x in enumerate(shop_list, 1): print(x[0], x[1]) del_list = input("\033[33;1m你可以移除商品，输入你的购物车商品编号， 输入 quit 离开:\033[0m") if len(del_list) == 0: print("\033[31;1m不能为空~~\033[0m") continue elif del_list == 'quit': break elif del_list.isdigit() != True: print("\033[31;1m必须是个数字\033[0m") continue elif int(del_list) > len(shop_list): print("\033[31;1m物品不存在\033[0m") continue del_list = int(del_list) for i in goods: if shop_list[del_list - 1] == i["name"]: salary += i["price"] print( "\033[35;1m移除了商品：%s 返回现金：%s 元,目前余额：%s 元\033[0m" % (shop_list[del_list - 1], i["price"], salary)) del shop_list[del_list - 1] break elif chose.isdigit() != True: print("\033[31;1m输入必须是数字~~~\033[0m") continue chose = int(chose) if chose > len(goods): print("\033[31;1m你选择的商品不存在！！\033[0m") continue if goods[chose - 1]["price"] <= salary: salary -= goods[chose - 1]["price"] shop_list.append(goods[chose - 1]["name"]) print("\033[35;1m你选择了：%s 还剩下工资：%s 你的购物车内有：%s\033[0m" % (goods[chose - 1]["name"], salary, shop_list)) continue else: print("\033[31;1m余额不够\033[0m") ans = input("你是否想充值？yes=充值 no=返回商城列表:") if ans == 'yes': while True: add_salary = input("输入你的充值额数:").strip() if len(add_salary) == 0: add_salary = 0 break elif add_salary.isdigit() != True: print("\033[31;1m输入必须是数字~~~\033[0m") continue else: break add_salary = int(add_salary) salary += add_salary print("\033[35;1m充值金额：%s 现在工资：%s 元 \033[0m" % (add_salary, salary)) elif ans == 'no': list_goods() continue balance = salary if len(shop_list) < 1: shop_list = "0件" print("\033[35;1m购买的商品： %s 余额是：%s\033[0m" % (shop_list, balance))
输出示例：
5
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ 3 __author__ = 'liujianzuo' 4 chinamap = { 5 "山东省":{ 6 "济南":["市中区","历下区","天桥区","槐荫区","历城区","长清区","章丘市","平阴县","济阳县","商河县","其他"], 7 "青岛":["市南区","市北区","城阳区","四方区","李沧区","黄岛区","崂山区","胶南市","胶州市","平度市","莱西市","即墨市","其他"] 8 }, 9 "北京市":{ 10 "北京":["东城区","西城区","崇文区","宣武区","朝阳区","海淀区","丰台区","石景山区","房山区","通州区","顺义区","昌平区","大兴区","怀柔区","平谷区","门头沟区","密云县","延庆县","其他"], 11 }, 12 "广东省":{ 13 "广州":["越秀区","荔湾区","海珠区","天河区","白云区","黄埔区","番禺区","花都区","南沙区","萝岗区","增城市","从化市","其他"], 14 "深圳":["福田区","罗湖区","南山区","宝安区","龙岗区","盐田区","其他"] 15 }, 16 "河北省":{ 17 "邯郸":[ 18 "成安县","磁县","大名县","肥乡县","馆陶县","广平县","邯郸市","邯郸县","鸡泽县","临漳县","邱县","曲周县","涉县","魏县","武安市","永年县" 19 ], 20 "衡水":[ 21 "安平县","阜城县","故城县","衡水市","冀州市","景县","饶阳县","深州市","武强县","武邑县","枣强县" 22 ], 23 "石家庄":[ 24 "高邑县","晋州市","井陉县","灵寿县","鹿泉市","平山县","深泽县","石家庄市","无极县","辛集市","新乐市","行唐县","元氏县","赞皇县","赵县","正定县","藁城市","栾城县" 25 ] 26 } 27 } 28 chose=[] 29 def zero(): 30 print("\033[31;1m选择不能为空，清重新输入~~\033[0m") 31 def crre(): 32 print("\033[31;1m你的选择不正确，清重新输入~~\033[0m") 33 34 print("\033[32;1m省列表如下：\033[0m\033[0m") 35 for key in chinamap.keys(): 36 print(key) 37 while True: 38 sheng=input("\033[33;1m请输入省,quit for leave：\033[0m").strip() 39 if len(sheng) == 0: 40 zero() 41 continue 42 elif sheng == 'quit': 43 break 44 elif sheng not in chinamap.keys(): 45 crre() 46 continue 47 48 else: 49 chose.append(sheng) 50 print("\033[32;1m市列表如下：\033[0m") 51 for key_shi in chinamap[sheng].keys(): 52 print(key_shi) 53 while True: 54 shi=input("\033[33;1m请输入市：quit for leave:\033[0m").strip() 55 if len(shi) == 0: 56 zero() 57 elif shi == 'quit': 58 print("\033[35;1m你选择的省：%s \033[0m"%(chose[0])) 59 exit() 60 elif shi not in chinamap[sheng].keys(): 61 crre() 62 else: 63 chose.append(shi) 64 print("\033[32;1m县区列表如下：\033[0m") 65 for key_xian in enumerate(chinamap[sheng][shi],1): 66 print(key_xian[0],key_xian[1]) 67 while True: 68 xian=input("\033[33;1m请输入县序号,quti for leave：\033[0m").strip() 69 if len(xian) == 0: 70 zero() 71 elif xian == 'quit': 72 print("\033[35;1m你选择的省：%s 市是：%s \033[0m"%(chose[0],chose[1])) 73 exit() 74 elif xian.isdigit() != True: 75 76 print("\033[31;1m必须是 数字\033[0m") 77 continue 78 elif int(xian) > len(chinamap[sheng][shi]): 79 print("\033[31;1m选择不存在\033[0m") 80 continue 81 else: 82 xian=int(xian) 83 chose.append(chinamap[sheng][shi][xian-1]) 84 break 85 break 86 break 87 if len(chose) < 1: 88 print("\033[35;1m你什么也没选~~！！\033[0m") 89 else: 90 print("\033[35;1m你选择的省：%s 市是：%s 县是：%s\033[0m"%(chose[0],chose[1],chose[2]))
第5题 以序列号的选择 来输出
知识点
字典keys 转换为 list
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
__author__ = 'liujianzuo'
chinamap = {
"山东省":{
"济南":["市中区","历下区","天桥区","槐荫区","历城区","长清区","章丘市","平阴县","济阳县","商河县","其他"],
"青岛":["市南区","市北区","城阳区","四方区","李沧区","黄岛区","崂山区","胶南市","胶州市","平度市","莱西市","即墨市","其他"]
},
"北京市":{
"北京":["东城区","西城区","崇文区","宣武区","朝阳区","海淀区","丰台区","石景山区","房山区","通州区","顺义区","昌平区","大兴区","怀柔区","平谷区","门头沟区","密云县","延庆县","其他"],
},
"广东省":{
"广州":["越秀区","荔湾区","海珠区","天河区","白云区","黄埔区","番禺区","花都区","南沙区","萝岗区","增城市","从化市","其他"],
"深圳":["福田区","罗湖区","南山区","宝安区","龙岗区","盐田区","其他"]
},
"河北省":{
"邯郸":[
"成安县","磁县","大名县","肥乡县","馆陶县","广平县","邯郸市","邯郸县","鸡泽县","临漳县","邱县","曲周县","涉县","魏县","武安市","永年县"
],
"衡水":[
"安平县","阜城县","故城县","衡水市","冀州市","景县","饶阳县","深州市","武强县","武邑县","枣强县"
],
"石家庄":[
"高邑县","晋州市","井陉县","灵寿县","鹿泉市","平山县","深泽县","石家庄市","无极县","辛集市","新乐市","行唐县","元氏县","赞皇县","赵县","正定县","藁城市","栾城县"
]
}
}
# n = list(chinamap.keys())
#print(n)
# m = list(chinamap[n[0]].keys())
# print(m)
# print(n[0])
# print(m[0])
# print(chinamap[n[0]][m[0]])
# exit()
chose=[]
def zero():
print("\033[31;1m选择不能为空，清重新输入~~\033[0m")
def crre():
print("\033[31;1m你的选择不正确，清重新输入~~\033[0m")
print("\033[32;1m省列表如下：\033[0m\033[0m")
# for key in chinamap.keys():
# print(key)
n = list(chinamap.keys())
n1 = []
shi_list=[]
xian_list=[]
for k,i in enumerate(n,1):
print(k,i)
n1.append(i)
# print("=================",n1)
while True:
sheng=input("\033[33;1m请输入省,quit for leave：\033[0m").strip()
if len(sheng) == 0:
zero()
continue
elif sheng == 'quit':
break
elif sheng.isdigit() != True:
print("\033[31;1m请选择一个数字~~~\033[0m")
continue
elif int(sheng)-1 >= len(n):
print("\033[31;1m选择不存在 out of range\033[0m")
continue
else:
sheng=int(sheng)
chose.append(n1[sheng-1])
print("\033[35;1m你进入省：%s \033[0m"%(chose[0]))
#print(chose)
print("\033[32;1m市列表如下：\033[0m")
shi_dic_list = list(chinamap[n1[sheng-1]])
#print(shi_dic_list)
for k,v in enumerate(shi_dic_list,1):
print(k,v)
shi_list.append(v)
# print("=============",shi_list)
while True:
shi=input("\033[33;1m请输入市：quit for leave:\033[0m").strip()
if len(shi) == 0:
zero()
elif shi == 'quit':
print("\033[35;1m你选择的省：%s \033[0m" % (chose[0]))
exit()
# elif shi not in chinamap[sheng].keys():
# crre()
elif shi.isdigit() != True:
print("\033[31;1m请选择一个数字~~~\033[0m")
continue
elif int(shi) -1 >= len(shi_dic_list):
print("\033[31;1m选择不存在 out of range\033[0m")
continue
else:
shi=int(shi)
chose.append(shi_list[shi-1])
print("\033[35;1m你进入省：%s 市是：%s \033[0m"%(chose[0],chose[1]))
# print(chose)
# exit()
print("\033[32;1m县区列表如下：\033[0m")
for key_xian in enumerate(chinamap[n1[sheng-1]][shi_list[shi-1]],1):
print(key_xian[0],key_xian[1])
xian_list.append(key_xian[1])
while True:
xian=input("\033[33;1m请输入县序号,quti for leave：\033[0m").strip()
if len(xian) == 0:
zero()
elif xian == 'quit':
print("\033[35;1m你选择的省：%s 市是：%s \033[0m"%(chose[0],chose[1]))
exit()
elif xian.isdigit() != True:
print("\033[31;1m必须是 数字\033[0m")
continue
elif int(xian) > len(chinamap[n1[sheng-1]][shi_list[shi-1]]):
print("\033[31;1m选择不存在 out of range\033[0m")
continue
else:
xian=int(xian)
chose.append(xian_list[xian-1])
break
break
break
if len(chose) < 1:
print("\033[35;1m你什么也没选~~！！\033[0m")
else:
print("\033[35;1m你选择的省：%s 市是：%s 县是：%s\033[0m"%(chose[0],chose[1],chose[2]))
输出截图
