各大主流.Net的IOC框架性能测试比较
在上一篇中,我简单介绍了下Autofac的使用,有人希望能有个性能上的测试,考虑到有那么多的IOC框架,而主流的有:Castle Windsor、微软企业库中的Unity、Spring.NET、StructureMap、Ninject等等。本篇文章主要针对这些IOC框架编写测试程序。
Autofac下载地址:http://code.google.com/p/autofac/
Castle Windsor下载地址:http://sourceforge.net/projects/castleproject/files/Windsor/2.5/Castle.Windsor.2.5.3.zip/download
Unity下载地址:http://entlib.codeplex.com/
Spring.NET下载地址:http://www.springframework.net/
StructureMap下载地址:http://sourceforge.net/projects/structuremap/files/
Ninject下载地址:http://ninject.org/download
其中,测试程序均采用最新的类库。
基础工作
1、程序还是引用上一篇的示例作为测试背景。
2、编写一个性能计数器,这里我采用老赵写的一个CodeTimer的类,具体介绍见:http://www.cnblogs.com/JeffreyZhao/archive/2009/03/10/codetimer.html
使用方式类似于:
CodeTimer.Time("String Concat", iteration, () => { s += "a"; });
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
CodeTimer.Time("StringBuilder", iteration, () => { sb.Append("a"); });
3、编写一个IRunner运行接口:
{
void Start(RunType runType);
}
以及RunnerBase抽象基础运行类:
{
private int _iteration = Convert.ToInt32(System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["Iteration"] ?? "10000");
internal int Iteration
{
get { return _iteration; }
}
internal void Time(Action action)
{
CodeTimer.Time(Name, Iteration, action);
}
protected abstract string Name { get; }
}
这里_iteration表示测试运行次数,通过配置文件来设置值。Time方法通过计数器对action方法进行Iteration次迭代。
编写一个RunManager的运行管理器:
{
public static void Start(IRunner runner)
{
Start(runner, RunType.Transient);
}
public static void Start(IRunner runner, RunType runType)
{
runner.Start(runType);
}
}
在测试中,我采用两种方式的性能比较,一个是单例状态,一个是非单例状态:
/// 运行状态
/// </summary>
public enum RunType
{
/// <summary>
/// 单例
/// </summary>
Singleton,
/// <summary>
/// 瞬时
/// </summary>
Transient
}
好了,现在我的程序只要继承RunnerBase以及IRunnre接口,就可以实现各个IOC框架的初始化装配的工作了。基础工作已经做好。
各个IOC框架测试程序
1、Autofac:
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return "Autofac"; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
//if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
// builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>().SingleInstance();
//else
// builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>();
//builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>();
////builder.RegisterModule(new ConfigurationSettingsReader("autofac"));
builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>();
if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve<IDatabase>())).SingleInstance();
else
builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve<IDatabase>()));
var container = builder.Build();
Time(() =>
{
var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>();
manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER");
});
container.Dispose();
}
}
2、Castle Windsor:
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return "Castle Windsor"; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
var container = new WindsorContainer();
if(runType == RunType.Singleton)
container.Register(Component.For(typeof(DatabaseManager)).LifeStyle.Singleton);
else
container.Register(Component.For(typeof(DatabaseManager)).LifeStyle.Transient);
container.Register(Component.For(typeof(IDatabase)).ImplementedBy(typeof(SqlDatabase)));
Time(() =>
{
var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>();
manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER");
});
}
}
3、Unity:
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return "Unity"; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
var container = new UnityContainer();
if(runType == RunType.Singleton)
container.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>(new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager());
else
container.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>(new TransientLifetimeManager());
container.RegisterType<IDatabase, SqlDatabase>();
Time(() =>
{
var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>();
manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER");
});
}
}
4、Spring.NET:
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return "Spring.NET"; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
string databaseManagerName;
if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
databaseManagerName = "DatabaseManager_Singleton";
else
databaseManagerName = "DatabaseManager_Transient";
Time(() =>
{
IApplicationContext context = ContextRegistry.GetContext();
var manager = (DatabaseManager)context.GetObject(databaseManagerName);
manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER");
});
}
}
5、StructureMap:
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return "StructureMap"; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
ObjectFactory.Initialize(container =>
{
if (runType == RunType.Singleton)
container.ForRequestedType<DatabaseManager>().Singleton();
else
container.ForRequestedType<DatabaseManager>();
container.ForRequestedType<IDatabase>().TheDefaultIsConcreteType<SqlDatabase>();
});
Time(() =>
{
var manager = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<DatabaseManager>();
manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER");
});
}
}
6、Ninject:
{
protected override string Name
{
get { return "Ninject"; }
}
public void Start(RunType runType)
{
IKernel kernel = new StandardKernel(new MyNinjectModule(runType));
Time(() =>
{
var manager = kernel.Get<DatabaseManager>();
manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER");
});
}
}
客户端测试程序
{
CodeTimer.Initialize();
Console.WriteLine("IOC - Singleton");
// Autofac Singleton
RunManager.Start(new AutofacRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// Castle Windsor
RunManager.Start(new WindsorRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// Unity
RunManager.Start(new UnityRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// Spring.NET
RunManager.Start(new SpringRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// StructureMap
RunManager.Start(new StructureMapRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
// Ninject
RunManager.Start(new NinjectRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
Console.WriteLine("===================================");
Console.WriteLine("IOC - Transient");
// Autofac Singleton
RunManager.Start(new AutofacRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// Castle Windsor
RunManager.Start(new WindsorRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// Unity
RunManager.Start(new UnityRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// Spring.NET
RunManager.Start(new SpringRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// StructureMap
RunManager.Start(new StructureMapRunner(), RunType.Transient);
// Ninject
RunManager.Start(new NinjectRunner(), RunType.Transient);
Console.ReadKey();
}
通过修改App.config的Iteration配置值,来设置迭代次数。
<add key="Iteration" value="100000" />
</appSettings>
运行结果
1、Iteration=1000:
分析:在千数量级时,Autofac,CastleWindsor、StructureMap基本差不多,效率上比其他的要高。
2、Iteration=10000:
分析:在万数量级时,Autofac,CastleWindsor,StructureMap基本效率还是差不多,其中StructureMap效率稍稍有些下降;Spring.NET以及Ninject的性能比较低。
3、Iteration=100000:
分析:在十万数量级时,CastleWindsor的效率开始下降,而在Transient方面,StructureMap和Autofac基本差不多。
4、Iteration=1000000:
分析:在百万数量级时,Autofac和StructureMap两者还是保持比较高的效率,并且在Transient方面,StructureMap已经超过了Autofac。
总结:从测试中,可以看出Autofac和StructureMap在性能上面还是体现出比较大的优势,Ninject可以说性能上较低。而Spring.NET不仅仅专注于IOC方面,它还专注于其他方方面面的功能,所以在IOC方面的性能不是太高。另外,微软的Unity中规中矩,性能较为稳定,也是一个不错的选择。另外,可能测试程序会有所偏差,希望大家也能够指出问题!
测试程序源代码:IOCPerformanceTest.rar