企业级日志分析平台（十）：ELKStack之操作深入（中）

一，企业级Elasticsearch使用详解

 

1.1 基本概念

ElasticsearchMySQL
Index Database
Type Table
Document Row
Field Column

- Node：运行单个ES实例的服务器 
- Cluster：一个或多个节点构成集群 
- Index：索引是多个文档的集合（必须是小写字母） 
- Document：Index里每条记录称为Document，若干文档构建一个Index 
- Type：一个Index可以定义一种或多种类型，将Document逻辑分组 
- Field：ES存储的最小单元 
- Shards：ES将Index分为若干份，每一份就是一个分片。 
- Replicas：Index的一份或多份副本

 

1.2 实验环境说明

主机名IP地址用途
ES1 192.168.200.191 elasticsearch-node1
ES2 192.168.200.192 elasticsearch-node2
ES3 192.168.200.193 elasticsearch-node3
Logstash-Kibana 192.168.200.194 日志可视化服务器
 
  1. #系统初始环境调整
  2. [root@ES1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
  3. CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
  4. [root@ES1 ~]# uname -r
  5. 3.10.0-862.3.3.el7.x86_64
  6. [root@ES1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
  7. [root@ES1 ~]# setenforce 0
  8. setenforce: SELinux is disabled
  9. [root@ES1 ~]# sestatus
  10. SELinux status: disabled
  11. #更换亚洲时区
  12. [root@ES1 ~]# /bin/cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
  13. #安装时间同步
  14. [root@ES1 ~]# yum -y install ntpdate
  15. #进行时间同步
  16. [root@ES1 ~]# ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
 

1.3 企业级Elasticsearch集群部署

 
  1. #在三台ES上都进行如下操作
  2. #yum安装jdk1.8
  3. [root@ES1 ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk
  4. #导入yum方式安装ES的公钥
  5. [root@ES1 ~]# rpm --import https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
  6. #添加ES的yum源文件
  7. [root@ES1 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/elastic.repo
  8. [root@ES1 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/elastic.repo
  9. [elastic-6.x]
  10. name=Elastic repository for 6.x packages
  11. baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/6.x/yum
  12. gpgcheck=1
  13. gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
  14. enabled=1
  15. autorefresh=1
  16. type=rpm-md
  17. #安装elasticsearch
  18. [root@ES1 ~]# yum -y install elasticsearch
  19. #配置elasticsearch的配置文件
  20. #将以下内容进行修改
  21. [root@ES1 ~]# cat -n /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml.bak | sed -n '17p;23p;33p;37p;55p;59p;68p;72p'
  22. 17 #cluster.name: my-application
  23. 23 #node.name: node-1
  24. 33 path.data: /var/lib/elasticsearch
  25. 37 path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
  26. 55 #network.host: 192.168.0.1
  27. 59 #http.port: 9200
  28. 68 #discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["host1", "host2"]
  29. 72 #discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes:
  30. [root@ES1 ~]# cat -n /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml | sed -n '17p;23p;33p;37p;55p;59p;68p;72p'
  31. 17 cluster.name: elk-cluster
  32. 23 node.name: node-1
  33. 33 path.data: /var/lib/elasticsearch
  34. 37 path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
  35. 55 network.host: 192.168.200.191
  36. 59 http.port: 9200
  37. 68 discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.200.191", "192.168.200.192","192.168.200.193"]
  38. 72 discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2
  39. #将ES1配置文件拷贝到ES2和ES3
  40. [root@ES1 ~]# scp /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml 192.168.200.193:/etc/elasticsearch/
  41. root@192.168.200.193's password:
  42. elasticsearch.yml 100% 2903 3.8MB/s 00:00
  43. [root@ES1 ~]# scp /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml 192.168.200.192:/etc/elasticsearch/
  44. root@192.168.200.192's password:
  45. elasticsearch.yml 100% 2903 5.0MB/s 00:00
  46. #只需要修改ES2和ES3的节点名称和监听端口即可
  47. [root@ES2 elasticsearch]# sed -n '23p;55p' /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
  48. node.name: node-2
  49. network.host: 192.168.200.192
  50. [root@ES3 yum.repos.d]# sed -n '23p;55p' /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
  51. node.name: node-3
  52. network.host: 192.168.200.193
  53. #启动三台ES上的elasticsearch
  54. [root@ES1 ~]# systemctl start elasticsearch
  55. [root@ES2 ~]# systemctl start elasticsearch
  56. [root@ES3 ~]# systemctl start elasticsearch
  57. #查看集群节点的健康情况
  58. [root@ES1 ~]# curl -X GET "192.168.200.191:9200/_cat/health?v"
  59. epoch timestamp cluster status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent
  60. 1534519567 23:26:07 elk-cluster green 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 100.0%
 

1.4 Elasticsearch数据操作

RestFul API格式

 
  1. curl -X<verb> '<protocol>://<host>:<port>/<path>?<query_string>' -d '<body>'
参数描述
verb HTTP方法，比如GET，POST，PUT，HEAD，DELETE
host ES集群中的任意节点主机名
port ES HTTP服务端口，默认9200
path 索引路径
query_string 可选的查询请求参数。例如？pretty参数将格式化输出JSON数据
-d 里面放一个GET的JSON格式请求主体
body 自己写的JSON格式的请求主体
 
  1. #列出数据库所有的索引
  2. [root@ES1 ~]# curl -X GET "192.168.200.191:9200/_cat/indices?v"
  3. health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
  4. #创建一个索引
  5. [root@ES1 ~]# curl -X PUT "192.168.200.191:9200/logs-test-2018.08.17"
  6. {"acknowledged":true,"shards_acknowledged":true,"index":"logs-test-2018.08.17"}
  7. #查看数据库所有索引
  8. [root@ES1 ~]# curl -X GET "192.168.200.191:9200/_cat/indices?v"
  9. health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
  10. green open logs-test-2018.08.17 a-M8lGYtSIqvahUeFqd8Vg 5 1 0 0 2.2kb 1.1kb

Elasticsearch的操作，同学们了解即可。详细可以查看官方文档

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/_index_and_query_a_document.html

 

1.5 Head插件图形管理Elasticsearch

 
  1. #head插件下载
  2. [root@ES1 ~]# wget https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node/latest-v4.x/node-v4.4.7-linux-x64.tar.gz
  3. [root@ES1 ~]# ls
  4. anaconda-ks.cfg node-v4.4.7-linux-x64.tar.gz
  5. [root@ES1 ~]# tar xf node-v4.4.7-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
  6. [root@ES1 ~]# mv /usr/local/node-v4.4.7-linux-x64/ /usr/local/node-v4.4
  7. [root@ES1 ~]# echo -e 'NODE_HOME=/usr/local/node-v4.4\nPATH=$NODE_HOME/bin:$PATH\nexport NODE_HOME PATH' >> /etc/profile
  8. [root@ES1 ~]# tail -3 /etc/profile
  9. NODE_HOME=/usr/local/node-v4.4
  10. PATH=$NODE_HOME/bin:$PATH
  11. export NODE_HOME PATH
  12. [root@ES1 ~]# source /etc/profile
  13. #安装git客户端
  14. [root@ES1 ~]# yum -y install git
  15. #git拉取elasticsearch-head代码
  16. [root@ES1 ~]# git clone git://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head.git
  17. [root@ES1 ~]# cd elasticsearch-head/
  18. [root@ES1 elasticsearch-head]# npm install
  19. 特别提示：
  20. 此安装过程报错也没关系，不影响使用
  21. #修改源码包配置文件Gruntfile.js
  22. #在95行处下边增加一行代码如下
  23. [root@ES1 elasticsearch-head]# cat -n Gruntfile.js | sed -n '90,97p'
  24. 90 connect: {
  25. 91 server: {
  26. 92 options: {
  27. 93 port: 9100,
  28. 94 base: '.',
  29. 95 keepalive: true, #添加一个逗号
  30. 96 hostname: '*' #增加本行代码
  31. 97 }
  32. #启动head插件
  33. [root@ES1 elasticsearch-head]# npm run start

现在我们在浏览器上访问http://IP:9100

image_1d1g976j8u4h1i5k15k21dc0r6m9.png-33kB

虽然浏览器上我们打开了，但是我们发现插件无法连接elasticsearch的API，这是因为ES5.0+版本以后，要想连接API必须先要进行授权才行。

 
  1. #先ES配置文件添加两行代码
  2. [root@ES1 ~]# echo -e 'http.cors.enabled: true\nhttp.cors.allow-origin: "*"' >> /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
  3. [root@ES1 ~]# tail -2 /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
  4. http.cors.enabled: true
  5. http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
  6. #重启动elasticsearch
  7. [root@ES1 ~]# systemctl restart elasticsearch

image_1d1g97tjd3ndmoqha7hsi1fuam.png-67.2kB

image_1d1g9897vtgg8ps1slg1dtvs6m1j.png-66kB

 

二，企业级Logstash使用详解

 

2.1 Logstash安装与Input常用插件

 

2.1.1 Logstash-安装

 
  1. #yum安装jdk1.8
  2. [root@ES1 ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk
  3. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/elastic.repo
  4. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/elastic.repo
  5. [elastic-6.x]
  6. name=Elastic repository for 6.x packages
  7. baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/6.x/yum
  8. gpgcheck=1
  9. gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
  10. enabled=1
  11. autorefresh=1
  12. type=rpm-md
  13. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# yum -y install logstash
 

2.1.2 Logstash-条件判断

  • 比较操作符： 
    • 相等：==,!=,<,>,<=,>=
    • 正则：=~（正则匹配），！~（不匹配正则）
    • 包含：in（包含），not in（不包含）
  • 布尔操作符： 
    • and（与）
    • or（或）
    • nand（非与）
    • xor（非或）
  • 一元运算符： 
    • ！：取反
    • （）：复合表达式
    • ！（）：对复合表达式取反
 

2.1.3 Logstash-Input之Stdin，File，Tcp，Beats插件

 
  1. #（1）stdin示例
  2. input {
  3. stdin{ #标准输入（用户交互输入数据）
  4. }
  5. }
  6. filter { #条件过滤（抓取字段信息）
  7. }
  8. output {
  9. stdout {
  10. codec => rubydebug #输出调试（调试配置文件语法用）
  11. }
  12. }
  13. #（2）File示例
  14. input {
  15. file {
  16. path => "/var/log/messages" #读取的文件路径
  17. tags => "123" #标签
  18. type => "syslog" #类型
  19. }
  20. }
  21. filter { #条件过滤（抓取字段信息）
  22. }
  23. output {
  24. stdout {
  25. codec => rubydebug #输出调试（调试配置文件语法用）
  26. }
  27. }
  28. #（3）TCP示例
  29. input {
  30. tcp {
  31. port => 12345
  32. type => "nc"
  33. }
  34. }
  35. filter { #条件过滤（抓取字段信息）
  36. }
  37. output {
  38. stdout {
  39. codec => rubydebug #输出调试（调试配置文件语法用）
  40. }
  41. }
  42. #（4）Beats示例
  43. input {
  44. beats { #后便会专门讲，此处不演示
  45. port => 5044
  46. }
  47. }
  48. filter { #条件过滤（抓取字段信息）
  49. }
  50. output {
  51. stdout {
  52. codec => rubydebug #输出调试（调试配置文件语法用）
  53. }
  54. }

（1）input ==> stdin{}标准输入插件测试

 
  1. #创建logstash配置文件
  2. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  3. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  4. input {
  5. stdin{
  6. }
  7. }
  8. filter {
  9. }
  10. output {
  11. stdout {
  12. codec => rubydebug
  13. }
  14. }
  15. #测试logstash配置文件是否正确
  16. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf -t
  17. OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N
  18. WARNING: Could not find logstash.yml which is typically located in $LS_HOME/config or /etc/logstash. You can specify the path using --path.settings. Continuing using the defaults
  19. Could not find log4j2 configuration at path /usr/share/logstash/config/log4j2.properties. Using default config which logs errors to the console
  20. [WARN ] 2018-08-19 23:09:16.736 [LogStash::Runner] multilocal - Ignoring the 'pipelines.yml' file because modules or command line options are specified
  21. Configuration OK #配置文件正确
  22. [INFO ] 2018-08-19 23:09:19.018 [LogStash::Runner] runner - Using config.test_and_exit mode. Config Validation Result: OK. Exiting Logstash
  23. #启动Logstash进行测试
  24. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  25. #此处省略若干行
  26. sadadasdasa #这就是用户输入的数据
  27. {
  28. "host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
  29. "message" => "sadadasdasa", #被logstash存储在message字段中
  30. "@version" => "1",
  31. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-19T15:14:48.678Z
  32. }
  33. 13213121
  34. {
  35. "host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
  36. "message" => "13213121",
  37. "@version" => "1",
  38. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-19T15:14:52.212Z
  39. }
  40. 特别提示：
  41. 让用户直接输入数据的方式就是标准输入stdin{}；
  42. 将输入的数据存储到message以后直接输出到屏幕上进行调试就是标准输出stdout{codec => rubydebug}

（2）input ==> file{}读取文件数据

 
  1. #修改Logstash配置文件
  2. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  3. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  4. input {
  5. file {
  6. path => "/var/log/messages"
  7. tags => "123"
  8. type => "syslog"
  9. }
  10. }
  11. filter {
  12. }
  13. output {
  14. stdout {
  15. codec => rubydebug
  16. }
  17. }
  18. #启动Logstash
  19. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  20. #再开一个窗口向日志文件输入一句话
  21. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# echo "1111" >> /var/log/messages
  22. #回头再去查看logstash的debug输出
  23. {
  24. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-19T15:26:10.469Z,
  25. "@version" => "1",
  26. "host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
  27. "tags" => [
  28. [0] "123"
  29. ],
  30. "message" => "1111",
  31. "path" => "/var/log/messages",
  32. "type" => "syslog"
  33. }

（3）input ==> tcp{}通过监听tcp端口接收日志

 
  1. #修改logstash配置文件
  2. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  3. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  4. input {
  5. tcp {
  6. port => 12345
  7. type => "nc"
  8. }
  9. }
  10. filter {
  11. }
  12. output {
  13. stdout {
  14. codec => rubydebug
  15. }
  16. }
  17. #启动Logstash
  18. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  19. #再开一个窗口，查看12345端口监听情况
  20. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# netstat -antup | grep 12345
  21. tcp6 0 0 :::12345 :::* LISTEN 12626/java
  22. #在ES1上安装nc向12345端口传输数据
  23. [root@ES1 ~]# yum -y install nc
  24. [root@ES1 ~]# echo "welcome to yunjisuan" | nc 192.168.200.194 12345
  25. #回头再去查看logstash的debug输出，如下
  26. {
  27. "type" => "nc",
  28. "message" => "welcome to yunjisuan",
  29. "port" => 41650,
  30. "@version" => "1",
  31. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-19T15:43:50.543Z,
  32. "host" => "192.168.200.191"
  33. }
 

2.1.4 更多Input插件的用户请查看官网链接

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/plugins-inputs-file.html

 

2.2 Logstash-Input（Output）之Codec插件

 
  1. #Json/Json_lines示例
  2. input {
  3. stdin {
  4. codec => json { #将json格式的数据转码成UTF-8格式后进行输入
  5. charset => ["UTF-8"]
  6. }
  7. }
  8. }
  9. filter {
  10. }
  11. output {
  12. stdout {
  13. codec => rubydebug
  14. }
  15. }

（1）codec => json {}将json格式数据进行编码转换

 
  1. #修改logstash配置文件
  2. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  3. input {
  4. stdin {
  5. codec => json {
  6. charset => ["UTF-8"]
  7. }
  8. }
  9. }
  10. filter {
  11. }
  12. output {
  13. stdout {
  14. codec => rubydebug
  15. }
  16. }
  17. #启动logstash
  18. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  19. #再开一个窗口进入python交互界面生成json格式数据
  20. >>> import json
  21. >>> data = [{'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4,'e':5}]
  22. >>> json = json.dumps(data)
  23. >>> print json
  24. [{"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 2, "e": 5, "d": 4}] #这就是json格式数据
  25. #将json格式数据，输入后，查看logstash数据的输出结果
  26. [{"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 2, "e": 5, "d": 4}]
  27. {
  28. "b" => 2,
  29. "a" => 1,
  30. "host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
  31. "c" => 3,
  32. "e" => 5,
  33. "d" => 4,
  34. "@version" => "1",
  35. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-20T13:27:58.991Z
  36. }
 

2.3 Logstash-Filter之Json，Kv插件

 
  1. #Json示例
  2. input {
  3. stdin {
  4. }
  5. }
  6. filter {
  7. json {
  8. source => "message" #将保存在message中的json数据进行结构化解析
  9. target => "content" #解析后的结果保存在content里
  10. }
  11. }
  12. output {
  13. stdout {
  14. codec => rubydebug
  15. }
  16. }
  17. #Kv示例
  18. filter {
  19. kv {
  20. field_split => "&?" #将输入的数据按&字符进行切割解析
  21. }
  22. }

（1）filter => json {}将json的编码进行结构化解析过滤

 
  1. #修改logstash配置文件
  2. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  3. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  4. input {
  5. stdin {
  6. }
  7. }
  8. filter {
  9. }
  10. output {
  11. stdout {
  12. codec => rubydebug
  13. }
  14. }
  15. #启动logstash服务
  16. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  17. #交互式输入json格式数据
  18. {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 2, "e": 5, "d": 4}
  19. {
  20. "@version" => "1",
  21. "message" => "{\"a\": 1, \"c\": 3, \"b\": 2, \"e\": 5, \"d\": 4}", #数据都保存在了message字段里
  22. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-20T14:08:54.275Z,
  23. "host" => "Logstash-Kibana"
  24. }
  25. #再次修改logstash配置文件
  26. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  27. input {
  28. stdin {
  29. }
  30. }
  31. filter {
  32. json {
  33. source => "message"
  34. target => "content"
  35. }
  36. }
  37. output {
  38. stdout {
  39. codec => rubydebug
  40. }
  41. }
  42. #启动logstash服务
  43. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  44. #交互式输入以下内容进行解析
  45. {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 2, "e": 5, "d": 4}
  46. {
  47. "content" => { #json被结构化解析出来了
  48. "a" => 1,
  49. "e" => 5,
  50. "d" => 4,
  51. "c" => 3,
  52. "b" => 2
  53. },
  54. "@version" => "1",
  55. "message" => "{\"a\": 1, \"c\": 3, \"b\": 2, \"e\": 5, \"d\": 4}",
  56. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-20T14:05:39.915Z,
  57. "host" => "Logstash-Kibana"
  58. }

（2）filter => kv {}将输入的数据按照制定符号切割

 
  1. #修改logstash配置文件
  2. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  3. input {
  4. stdin {
  5. }
  6. }
  7. filter {
  8. kv {
  9. field_split => "&?"
  10. }
  11. }
  12. output {
  13. stdout {
  14. codec => rubydebug
  15. }
  16. }
  17. #启动logstash
  18. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  19. #交互式输入以下数据，然后查看解析结果
  20. name=123&yunjisuan=benet&yun=166
  21. {
  22. "host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
  23. "yunjisuan" => "benet",
  24. "yun" => "166",
  25. "@version" => "1",
  26. "message" => "name=123&yunjisuan=benet&yun=166",
  27. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-20T14:16:38.227Z,
  28. "name" => "123"
  29. }
 

2.4 Logstash-Filter之Grok插件

 

2.4.1 grok自定义正则的数据抓取模式

 
  1. #日志输入示例：
  2. 223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200
  3. #grok自定义正则的数据抓取示例
  4. input {
  5. stdin {
  6. }
  7. }
  8. filter {
  9. grok {
  10. match => {
  11. "message" => '(?<client>[0-9.]+)[ ]+(?<method>[A-Z]+)[ ]+(?<request>[a-zA-Z/.]+)[ ]+(?<bytes>[0-9]+)[ ]+(?<num>[0-9]+)'
  12. }
  13. }
  14. }
  15. output {
  16. stdout {
  17. codec => rubydebug
  18. }
  19. }
  20. #操作演示
  21. #修改logstash配置文件
  22. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  23. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  24. input {
  25. stdin {
  26. }
  27. }
  28. filter {
  29. grok {
  30. match => {
  31. "message" => '(?<client>[0-9.]+)[ ]+(?<method>[A-Z]+)[ ]+(?<request>[a-zA-Z/.]+)[ ]+(?<bytes>[0-9]+)[ ]+(?<num>[0-9]+)'
  32. }
  33. }
  34. }
  35. output {
  36. stdout {
  37. codec => rubydebug
  38. }
  39. }
  40. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  41. #输入日志进行数据抓取测试
  42. 223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200
  43. {
  44. "message" => "223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200",
  45. "bytes" => "15824",
  46. "num" => "200",
  47. "@version" => "1",
  48. "method" => "GET",
  49. "client" => "223.72.85.86",
  50. "request" => "/index.html",
  51. "host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
  52. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-21T13:50:27.029Z
  53. }
 

2.4.2 grok内置正则的数据抓取模式

为了方便用户抓取数据方便，官方自定义了一些内置正则的默认抓取方式 
Grok默认的内置正则模式，官方网页示例 
https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-patterns-core/blob/master/patterns/grok-patterns

 
  1. #logstash默认挂载的常用的内置正则库文件
  2. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# rpm -ql logstash | grep grok-patterns
  3. /usr/share/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns/grok-patterns
  4. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /usr/share/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns/grok-patterns
  5. ...由于显示内容过多，此处省略无数行，请自行打开查看...
  6. #操作演示
  7. #日志输入示例：
  8. 223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200
  9. #修改logstash配置文件
  10. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  11. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  12. input {
  13. stdin {
  14. }
  15. }
  16. filter {
  17. grok {
  18. match => {
  19. "message" => "%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:num}"
  20. }
  21. }
  22. }
  23. output {
  24. stdout {
  25. codec => rubydebug
  26. }
  27. }
  28. #启动logstash
  29. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  30. #输入日志示例内容后，如下
  31. 223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200
  32. {
  33. "client" => "223.72.85.86",
  34. "method" => "GET",
  35. "bytes" => "15824",
  36. "host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
  37. "num" => "200",
  38. "message" => "223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200",
  39. "@version" => "1",
  40. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-21T14:19:04.960Z,
  41. "request" => "/index.html"
  42. }
 

2.4.3 grok自定义内置正则的数据抓取模式

示例：将2.4.1的自定义正则转换成自定义的内置正则

 
  1. #日志输入示例（新增一个数据）：
  2. 223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 "welcome to yunjisuan"
  3. #修改logstash配置文件
  4. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  5. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  6. input {
  7. stdin {
  8. }
  9. }
  10. filter {
  11. grok {
  12. patterns_dir => "/opt/patterns" #自定义的内置正则抓取模板路径
  13. match => {
  14. "message" => '%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:num} "%{STRING:content}"'
  15. }
  16. }
  17. }
  18. output {
  19. stdout {
  20. codec => rubydebug
  21. }
  22. }
  23. #创建自定义内置正则的挂载模板文件
  24. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /opt/patterns
  25. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /opt/patterns
  26. STRING .*
  27. #启动logstash
  28. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  29. #输入日志示例，查看数据抓取结果
  30. 223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 "welcome to yunjisuan"
  31. {
  32. "method" => "GET",
  33. "@version" => "1",
  34. "bytes" => "15824",
  35. "client" => "223.72.85.86",
  36. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-21T14:38:04.361Z,
  37. "host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
  38. "request" => "/index.html",
  39. "num" => "200",
  40. "content" => "welcome to yunjisuan",
  41. "message" => "223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 \"welcome to yunjisuan\""
  42. }
 

2.4.4 grok多模式匹配的数据抓取

有的时候，我们可能需要抓取多种日志格式的数据 
因此，我们需要配置grok的多模式匹配的数据抓取

 
  1. #日志输入示例：
  2. 223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 "welcome to yunjisuan"
  3. 223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 《Mr.chen-2018-8-21》
  4. #修改logstash配置文件
  5. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  6. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  7. input {
  8. stdin {
  9. }
  10. }
  11. filter {
  12. grok {
  13. patterns_dir => "/opt/patterns"
  14. match => [ #请注意多模式和单模式匹配的区别
  15. "message",'%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:num} "%{STRING:content}"',
  16. "message",'%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:num} 《%{NAME:name}》'
  17. ]
  18. }
  19. }
  20. output {
  21. stdout {
  22. codec => rubydebug
  23. }
  24. }
  25. #增加一个自定义的内置正则抓取变量
  26. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /opt/patterns
  27. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /opt/patterns
  28. STRING .*
  29. NAME .*
  30. #启动logstash
  31. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  32. #输入日志示例，查看数据抓取结果
  33. 223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 "welcome to yunjisuan"
  34. {
  35. "@version" => "1",
  36. "client" => "223.72.85.86",
  37. "request" => "/index.html",
  38. "num" => "200",
  39. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-21T14:47:26.971Z,
  40. "content" => "welcome to yunjisuan",
  41. "host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
  42. "bytes" => "15824",
  43. "message" => "223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 \"welcome to yunjisuan\"",
  44. "method" => "GET"
  45. }
  46. 223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 《Mr.chen-2018-8-21》
  47. {
  48. "@version" => "1",
  49. "client" => "223.72.85.86",
  50. "request" => "/index.html",
  51. "num" => "200",
  52. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-21T14:47:40.430Z,
  53. "host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
  54. "bytes" => "15824",
  55. "name" => "Mr.chen-2018-8-21",
  56. "message" => "223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 《Mr.chen-2018-8-21》",
  57. "method" => "GET"
  58. }
 

2.5 Logstash-Filter之geoip插件

geoip插件可以对IP的来源进行分析，并通过Kibana的地图功能形象的显示出来。

 
  1. #日志输入示例：
  2. 223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 "welcome to yunjisuan"
  3. 119.147.146.189 GET /index.html 15824 200 《Mr.chen-2018-8-21》
  4. #修改logstash配置文件
  5. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  6. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  7. input {
  8. stdin {
  9. }
  10. }
  11. filter {
  12. grok {
  13. patterns_dir => "/opt/patterns"
  14. match => [
  15. "message",'%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:num} "%{STRING:content}"',
  16. "message",'%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:num} 《%{NAME:name}》'
  17. ]
  18. }
  19. geoip {
  20. source => "client"
  21. database => "/opt/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
  22. }
  23. }
  24. output {
  25. stdout {
  26. codec => rubydebug
  27. }
  28. }
  29. #下载geoip插件包
  30. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# wget http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/GeoLite2-City.tar.gz
  31. #解压安装geoip插件包
  32. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# tar xf GeoLite2-City.tar.gz
  33. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# ls
  34. anaconda-ks.cfg GeoLite2-City_20180807 GeoLite2-City.tar.gz
  35. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cp GeoLite2-City_20180807/GeoLite2-City.mmdb /opt/
  36. #启动logstash
  37. [root@Logstash-Kibana opt]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  38. #输入日志示例模板，查看数据抓取结果
  39. 223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 "welcome to yunjisuan"
  40. {
  41. "geoip" => {
  42. "country_code3" => "CN", #IP所在国家
  43. "city_name" => "Beijing", #IP所在城市
  44. "longitude" => 116.3889,
  45. "region_code" => "BJ",
  46. "country_code2" => "CN",
  47. "location" => {
  48. "lon" => 116.3889, #IP所在地图经度
  49. "lat" => 39.9288 #IP所在地图纬度
  50. },
  51. "timezone" => "Asia/Shanghai",
  52. "latitude" => 39.9288,
  53. "region_name" => "Beijing",
  54. "continent_code" => "AS",
  55. "ip" => "223.72.85.86",
  56. "country_name" => "China"
  57. },
  58. "message" => "223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 \"welcome to yunjisuan\"",
  59. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-21T15:45:06.179Z,
  60. "content" => "welcome to yunjisuan",
  61. "client" => "223.72.85.86",
  62. "@version" => "1",
  63. "host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
  64. "method" => "GET",
  65. "bytes" => "15824",
  66. "num" => "200",
  67. "request" => "/index.html"
  68. }
  69. 119.147.146.189 GET /index.html 15824 200 《Mr.chen-2018-8-21》
  70. {
  71. "geoip" => {
  72. "country_code3" => "CN",
  73. "longitude" => 113.25,
  74. "region_code" => "GD",
  75. "country_code2" => "CN",
  76. "location" => {
  77. "lon" => 113.25,
  78. "lat" => 23.1167
  79. },
  80. "timezone" => "Asia/Shanghai",
  81. "latitude" => 23.1167,
  82. "region_name" => "Guangdong",
  83. "continent_code" => "AS",
  84. "ip" => "119.147.146.189",
  85. "country_name" => "China"
  86. },
  87. "message" => "119.147.146.189 GET /index.html 15824 200 《Mr.chen-2018-8-21》",
  88. "name" => "Mr.chen-2018-8-21",
  89. "@timestamp" => 2018-08-21T15:45:55.386Z,
  90. "client" => "119.147.146.189",
  91. "@version" => "1",
  92. "host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
  93. "method" => "GET",
  94. "bytes" => "15824",
  95. "num" => "200",
  96. "request" => "/index.html"
  97. }
 

2.6 Logstash-输出（Output）插件

 
  1. #ES示例
  2. output {
  3. elasticsearch {
  4. hosts => "localhost:9200" #将数据写入elasticsearch
  5. index => "logstash-mr_chen-admin-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" #索引为xxx
  6. }
  7. }
 

三，企业级Kibana使用详解

主机名IP地址用途
ES1 192.168.200.191 elasticsearch-node1
ES2 192.168.200.192 elasticsearch-node2
ES3 192.168.200.193 elasticsearch-node3
Logstash-Kibana 192.168.200.194 日志可视化服务器
 

3.1 ELK Stack配置应用案例

 
  1. #利用yum源安装kibana
  2. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/elastic.repo
  3. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 215 8月 19 22:07 /etc/yum.repos.d/elastic.repo
  4. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# yum -y install kibana
  5. #修改logstash配置文件
  6. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  7. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
  8. input {
  9. file {
  10. path => ["/var/log/messages"]
  11. type => "system" #对数据添加类型
  12. tags => ["syslog","test"] #对数据添加标识
  13. start_position => "beginning"
  14. }
  15. file {
  16. path => ["/var/log/audit/audit.log"]
  17. type => "system" #对数据添加类型
  18. tags => ["auth","test"] #对数据添加标识
  19. start_position => "beginning"
  20. }
  21. }
  22. filter {
  23. }
  24. output {
  25. if [type] == "system" {
  26. if [tags][0] == "syslog" { #通过判断可以将不同日志写到不同的索引里
  27. elasticsearch {
  28. hosts => ["http://192.168.200.191:9200","http://192.168.200.192:9200","http://192.168.200.193:9200"]
  29. index => "logstash-mr_chen-syslog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  30. }
  31. stdout { codec => rubydebug }
  32. }
  33. else if [tags][0] == "auth" {
  34. elasticsearch {
  35. hosts => ["http://192.168.200.191:9200","http://192.168.200.192:9200","http://192.168.200.193:9200"]
  36. index => "logstash-mr_chen-auth-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  37. }
  38. stdout { codec => rubydebug }
  39. }
  40. }
  41. }
  42. #修改kibana的配置文件
  43. [root@Logstash-Kibana kibana]# cat -n kibana.yml.bak | sed -n '7p;28p'
  44. 7 #server.host: "localhost"
  45. 28 #elasticsearch.url: "http://localhost:9200"
  46. [root@Logstash-Kibana kibana]# cat -n kibana.yml | sed -n '7p;28p'
  47. 7 server.host: "0.0.0.0"
  48. 28 elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.200.191:9200" #就写一个ES主节点即可
  49. #启动kibana进程
  50. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# systemctl start kibana
  51. #启动logstash
  52. [root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf

特别提示： 
如果elasticsearch里没有任何索引，那么kibana是都取不到的 
所以启动logstash先elasticsearch里写点数据就好了

通过浏览器访问kibana

http://192.168.200.194:5601

image_1d1g9kiaeuf31qeecjqj5ugfl20.png-101.1kB

image_1d1g9lgq1hml1bm3va6a18kt62d.png-95.2kB

我们创建两个索引后，如下图所示

image_1d1g9m2abc7v1ujv1c3ptal7s12q.png-140.6kB

 

3.2 Kibana常用查询表达式

直接演示简单讲解kibana的数据检索功能

image_1d1g9mhsi1j7t152int1hfr54n37.png-133.2kB

image_1d1g9mn616qa1vmg1aqev0b1h283k.png-153.6kB

 

3.3 基于Nginx实现Kibana访问认证

操作方法同ELK（上），此处略过

posted @ 2019-07-23 13:13  L1n  阅读(1115)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报