关于ASP.NET中调用Excel组件不能结束进程的解决方法
关于在asp.net中调用Excel组件不能结束进程的问题,常见的解决方法用的是下面这段代码
wb.Close(null,null,null);
app.Workbooks.Close();
app.Quit();
if(rng != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(rng);
rng = null;
}
if(ws != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(ws);
ws = null;
}
if(wb != null)
{ System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(wb);
wb = null;
}
if(app != null)
{ System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(app);
app = null;
}
GC.Collect();
app.Workbooks.Close();
app.Quit();
if(rng != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(rng);
rng = null;
}
if(ws != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(ws);
ws = null;
}
if(wb != null)
{ System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(wb);
wb = null;
}
if(app != null)
{ System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(app);
app = null;
}
GC.Collect();
虽然这段代码在配置正确的情况下能自动结束Excel进程,但是前提是在操作Excel时没有引发异常的情况下,如果有异常发生,那么Excel进程将不能结束(比如:引用了一个在Excel文件中不存在的文本框时就会出现“HRESULT 中的异常:0x800A03EC。”),这时就要借助Process类的Kill()方法来结束,下面是我写的测试代码:
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
namespace ExcelTest
{
/// <summary>
/// Excel的摘要说明。
/// </summary>
public class Excel
{
private DateTime beforeTime; //Excel启动之前时间
private DateTime afterTime; //Excel启动之后时间
excel.Application app;
excel.Workbook wb;
excel.Worksheet ws;
excel.Range rng;
excel.TextBox tb;
public Excel(string templetPath)
{
//实例化一个Excel Application对象并使其可见
beforeTime = DateTime.Now;
app = new excel.ApplicationClass();
app.Visible = true;
afterTime = DateTime.Now;
wb = app.Workbooks.Open(templetPath,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing);
ws = (excel.Worksheet)wb.Worksheets.get_Item(1);
}
public void ExcelMethod()
{
rng = ws.get_Range("B5","C7");
rng.Merge(excel.XlAxisCrosses.xlAxisCrossesAutomatic);
rng.Value2 = "Excel2003";
rng = ws.get_Range("D8","E11");
rng.MergeCells = true;
rng.Value2 = "Excel2003";
rng.HorizontalAlignment = excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignCenter;
rng.VerticalAlignment = excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;
rng = ws.get_Range("A1",Type.Missing);
rng.Value2 = 5;
rng = ws.get_Range("A2",Type.Missing);
rng.Value2 = 7;
for(int i=1;i<100;i++)
{
string s = string.Concat("G",i.ToString());
rng = ws.get_Range(s,Type.Missing);
rng.Value2 = i.ToString();
}
tb = (excel.TextBox)ws.TextBoxes("文本框 1");
tb.Text = "作 者";
tb = (excel.TextBox)ws.TextBoxes("文本框 2");
tb.Text = "KLY.NET的Blog";
tb = (excel.TextBox)ws.TextBoxes("文本框 3");
tb.Text = "日 期";
try
{
tb = (excel.TextBox)ws.TextBoxes("文本框 5");
tb.Text = DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString();
}
catch
{
//这里用Dispose()方法结束不了Excel进程,所有还是要用Process的Kill()方法配合使用
// this.Dispose();
this.KillExcelProcess();
throw new Exception("不存在ID为\"文本框 5\"的文本框!");
}
finally
{
//如果有异常发生,Dispose()方法放在这里也结束不了Excel进程
// this.Dispose();
//如果发生异常,在这里也可以结束Excel进程
// this.KillExcelProcess();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 另存为Excel文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="savePath">保存路径</param>
public void SaveAsExcelFile(string savePath)
{
wb.SaveAs(savePath,excel.XlFileFormat.xlHtml,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing);
}
/// <summary>
/// 结束Excel进程
/// </summary>
public void KillExcelProcess()
{
Process[] myProcesses;
DateTime startTime;
myProcesses = Process.GetProcessesByName("Excel");
//得不到Excel进程ID,暂时只能判断进程启动时间
foreach(Process myProcess in myProcesses)
{
startTime = myProcess.StartTime;
if(startTime > beforeTime && startTime < afterTime)
{
myProcess.Kill();
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 如果对Excel的操作没有引发异常的话,用这个方法可以正常结束Excel进程
/// 否则要用KillExcelProcess()方法来结束Excel进程
/// </summary>
public void Dispose()
{
wb.Close(null,null,null);
app.Workbooks.Close();
app.Quit();
//注意:这里用到的所有Excel对象都要执行这个操作,否则结束不了Excel进程
if(rng != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(rng);
rng = null;
}
if(tb != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(tb);
tb = null;
}
if(ws != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(ws);
ws = null;
}
if(wb != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(wb);
wb = null;
}
if(app != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(app);
app = null;
}
GC.Collect();
}
}
}
using System.Diagnostics;
using excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
namespace ExcelTest
{
/// <summary>
/// Excel的摘要说明。
/// </summary>
public class Excel
{
private DateTime beforeTime; //Excel启动之前时间
private DateTime afterTime; //Excel启动之后时间
excel.Application app;
excel.Workbook wb;
excel.Worksheet ws;
excel.Range rng;
excel.TextBox tb;
public Excel(string templetPath)
{
//实例化一个Excel Application对象并使其可见
beforeTime = DateTime.Now;
app = new excel.ApplicationClass();
app.Visible = true;
afterTime = DateTime.Now;
wb = app.Workbooks.Open(templetPath,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing);
ws = (excel.Worksheet)wb.Worksheets.get_Item(1);
}
public void ExcelMethod()
{
rng = ws.get_Range("B5","C7");
rng.Merge(excel.XlAxisCrosses.xlAxisCrossesAutomatic);
rng.Value2 = "Excel2003";
rng = ws.get_Range("D8","E11");
rng.MergeCells = true;
rng.Value2 = "Excel2003";
rng.HorizontalAlignment = excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignCenter;
rng.VerticalAlignment = excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;
rng = ws.get_Range("A1",Type.Missing);
rng.Value2 = 5;
rng = ws.get_Range("A2",Type.Missing);
rng.Value2 = 7;
for(int i=1;i<100;i++)
{
string s = string.Concat("G",i.ToString());
rng = ws.get_Range(s,Type.Missing);
rng.Value2 = i.ToString();
}
tb = (excel.TextBox)ws.TextBoxes("文本框 1");
tb.Text = "作 者";
tb = (excel.TextBox)ws.TextBoxes("文本框 2");
tb.Text = "KLY.NET的Blog";
tb = (excel.TextBox)ws.TextBoxes("文本框 3");
tb.Text = "日 期";
try
{
tb = (excel.TextBox)ws.TextBoxes("文本框 5");
tb.Text = DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString();
}
catch
{
//这里用Dispose()方法结束不了Excel进程,所有还是要用Process的Kill()方法配合使用
// this.Dispose();
this.KillExcelProcess();
throw new Exception("不存在ID为\"文本框 5\"的文本框!");
}
finally
{
//如果有异常发生,Dispose()方法放在这里也结束不了Excel进程
// this.Dispose();
//如果发生异常,在这里也可以结束Excel进程
// this.KillExcelProcess();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 另存为Excel文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="savePath">保存路径</param>
public void SaveAsExcelFile(string savePath)
{
wb.SaveAs(savePath,excel.XlFileFormat.xlHtml,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing);
}
/// <summary>
/// 结束Excel进程
/// </summary>
public void KillExcelProcess()
{
Process[] myProcesses;
DateTime startTime;
myProcesses = Process.GetProcessesByName("Excel");
//得不到Excel进程ID,暂时只能判断进程启动时间
foreach(Process myProcess in myProcesses)
{
startTime = myProcess.StartTime;
if(startTime > beforeTime && startTime < afterTime)
{
myProcess.Kill();
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 如果对Excel的操作没有引发异常的话,用这个方法可以正常结束Excel进程
/// 否则要用KillExcelProcess()方法来结束Excel进程
/// </summary>
public void Dispose()
{
wb.Close(null,null,null);
app.Workbooks.Close();
app.Quit();
//注意:这里用到的所有Excel对象都要执行这个操作,否则结束不了Excel进程
if(rng != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(rng);
rng = null;
}
if(tb != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(tb);
tb = null;
}
if(ws != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(ws);
ws = null;
}
if(wb != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(wb);
wb = null;
}
if(app != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(app);
app = null;
}
GC.Collect();
}
}
}
这段代码能很好的解决Excel进程不能正常结束的问题,如果主机操作系统不是服务器版的话,那么就要借助于ntsd -c q -p pid命令来结束。
还有一个问题的关于Excel组件访问权限的配置,一定要在组件服务里面正确配置,否则结束不了Excel进程,具体的配置方法在我项目的doc文件夹下;在我前面的文章里面介绍了在web.config文件里面加入假扮用户的方法,但是经我测试发现这种方法虽然可以访问Excel组件,但是结束不了进程,除非用Kill方法强行结束。
点这里下载ExcelTest.rar