[LeetCode] 14. Longest Common Prefix 最长共同前缀

Write a function to find the longest common prefix string amongst an array of strings.

If there is no common prefix, return an empty string "".

Example 1:

Input: ["flower","flow","flight"]
Output: "fl"

Example 2:

Input: ["dog","racecar","car"]
Output: ""
Explanation: There is no common prefix among the input strings.

这题有好几种解法,个人认为会1,2的解法就可以了,但这种多方法解题的思路可以好好学习一下。具体可参考:Longest Common Prefix

1. 一个一个字符串取比较word by word matching:

先拿前2个,从第一位开始比较,直到发现有不同的字符,此时前面一样的字符串在去和后面的字符串比较,直到结束。可以用递归。

Time: O(n*m) (n是字符串个数,m是字符串最长长度)  Space: O(m)

2. 一个字符一个字符的比较character by character matching:

所有的字符串同时比较第1个,第2个.......,发现有不同的出现,之前一样的就是找到的最长共同前缀。Time: O(n*m) (n是字符串个数,m是字符串最长长度) Space: O(m)

3. divide and conquer: 

把所有字符串分成两组,分别去比较,最后都剩一个的时候,两组在比较。Time: O(n*m), Space: O(n*logm)

4. 二分法Binary Search:

先找到最短的字符串,然后把这个最短的字符串二分成前面和后面两部分,前面的和所有剩下字符串比较,如果一样在比较后面的,如果有不一样的,则后面的部分不用比较了,前面的部分在二分比较。Time: O(n*m*logm), Space: O(m)

5. 使用Trie:

首先了解Trie数据结构,然后把所有的字符串都执行一遍插入到Trie,然后读取Trie中最后一个没有分支的node,此时之前这些字符就是答案。

Time: O(n*m + m), Space: O(26*m*n) ~ O(m*n)

Java: Method 1

public class Solution {
    public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
        if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) {
            return "";
        }
        String prefix = strs[0];
        for(int i = 1; i < strs.length; i++) {
            int j = 0;
            while( j < strs[i].length() && j < prefix.length() && strs[i].charAt(j) == prefix.charAt(j)) {
                j++;
            }
            if( j == 0) {
                return "";
        }
            prefix = prefix.substring(0, j);
        }
        return prefix;
    }

}  

Java: Method 2

public class Solution {
    public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
        if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) return "";
        String res = new String();
        for (int j = 0; j < strs[0].length(); ++j) {
            char c = strs[0].charAt(j);
            for (int i = 1; i < strs.length; ++i) {
                if (j >= strs[i].length() || strs[i].charAt(j) != c) {
                    return res;
                }
            }
            res += Character.toString(c);
        }
        return res;
    }
}

Java: Method 2

public class Solution {
    public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
        if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) return "";
        for (int j = 0; j < strs[0].length(); ++j) {
            for (int i = 0; i < strs.length - 1; ++i) {
                if (j >= strs[i].length() || j >= strs[i + 1].length() || strs[i].charAt(j) != strs[i + 1].charAt(j)) {
                    return strs[i].substring(0, j);   
                }
            }
        }
        return strs[0];
    }
}

Python: Method 2

class Solution(object):
    def longestCommonPrefix(self, strs):
        """
        :type strs: List[str]
        :rtype: str
        """
        if not strs:
            return ""

        for i in xrange(len(strs[0])):
            for string in strs[1:]:
                if i >= len(string) or string[i] != strs[0][i]:
                    return strs[0][:i]
        return strs[0]

C++: Method 2

class Solution {
public:    
    string longestCommonPrefix(vector<string> &strs) {
        if (strs.size() == 0) {
            return "";
        }
        
        string prefix = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < strs[0].length(); i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j < strs.size(); j++) {
                if (strs[j][i] != strs[0][i]) {
                    return prefix;
                }
            }
            prefix += strs[0][i];
        }
        
        return prefix;
    }
};

  

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posted @ 2018-03-03 06:59  轻风舞动  阅读(1863)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报