dubbo学习(1)--简单的入门搭建实例

    转载请注明源文出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/lighten/p/6828026.html

1 简介

    dubbo是一个分布式服务框架,由阿里巴巴的工程师开发,致力于提供高性能和透明化的RPC远程服务调用。可惜的是该项目在2012年之后就没有再更新了,之后由当当基于dubbo开发了dubbox。这里对dubbo的入门构建进行简单的介绍。不涉及dubbo的运行机制,只是搭建过程,方便学习者快速构建项目,运行、熟悉该框架。

    dubbo提供了两种构建项目的方法。1.通过Spring容器快速构建,其中还有注解的方式;2.通过直接使用API(不推荐)。以下对其一一说明。

2 前期工作

    创建一个普通的maven项目,导入dubbo的依赖:

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
    <version>2.5.3</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
     <groupId>com.101tec</groupId>
     <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
     <version>0.4</version>
 </dependency>

    下载zookeeper作为注册中心,具体步骤参考这里

3 Spring配置方式

3.1 生产者Provider

    dubbo的生产者是用于提供服务的,先定义服务接口和服务的实现类:

public interface DemoService {
   
    public String greet(String name);
    public List<User> getUsers();
   
}

    这里有两个服务一个是输入一个字符串,一个是返回一个一个List对象,User类的内容如下:

public class User implements Serializable{
	
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private String name;
	private int age;
	private String sex;

	public User(String name, int age, String sex) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", sex=" + sex + "]";
    }
}

     由于接口中会传递一个List的User对象,所以User需要实现Serializable接口。下面是DemoServiceImpl,接口的实现类中的内容:

public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService{

	@Override
	public String greet(String name) {
		return "Hello " + name;
	}

	@Override
	public List<User> getUsers() {
		List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
        
        User user1 = new User("张三",10,"男");
        User user2 = new User("李四",11,"女");
        User user3 = new User("王五",12,"男");
        
        list.add(user1);
        list.add(user2);
        list.add(user3);
        
        return list;
	}

}

     这就是一个简单的生产者提供的服务了,和普通的服务类没有什么区别,关键是下面的dubbo配置了。与Spring结合,需要一个dubbo的配置xml文件,我命名为provider.xml,里面的内容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
	http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo 
	http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
	
	<!-- 服务bean -->
	<bean id="demoService" class="com.xxx.dubbo.service.impl.DemoServiceImpl" />

	<dubbo:application name="provider" />
	
	<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181" />
	
	<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20886" payload="16777216"/>
	
	<dubbo:service interface="com.xxx.dubbo.service.DemoService" ref="demoService" />
</beans>

     上面的XML配置文件就将服务暴露出去了,将其注册到了zookeeper中。最后运行Spring,测试:

public class Provider {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"provider.xml"});
		context.start();
		System.in.read();
	}
}

    控制台输出日志如下,就可以了:

3.2 消费者

    消费者的配置就更加简单了,其只需要想要调用的服务的接口,在这里就是DemoService接口,注意要确保是同一个接口。然后配置消费者的consumer.xml,配置如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
	http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo 
	http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
	
	<dubbo:application name="consumer"/>
	
	<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/>
	
	<dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="com.xxx.dubbo.service.DemoService" />
</beans>

     reference就代表着引用一个服务,从暴露服务注册的注册中心获取,在spring中就有一个这样的接口实例了。测试类:

public class Consumer {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"consumer.xml"});
        context.start();
        
        DemoService demoService = (DemoService) context.getBean("demoService");
        System.out.println(demoService.greet("张三"));
        System.out.println(demoService.getUsers());
    }
}

     开启刚刚的生产者测试类,再运行这个消费者测试类,就会看到打印出:

 3.3 注解方式

  注解的方式配置起来非常的简单,全部如下:

  生产者就是实现类上打上@Service注解就可以了,注意这个注解是com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service,不是Spring的Service注解。

@Service
public class AnnotationProvider implements DemoService{

	@Override
	public String greet(String name) {
		return "Hello " + name;
	}

	@Override
	public List<User> getUsers() {
		List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
        
        User user1 = new User("张三",10,"男");
        User user2 = new User("李四",11,"女");
        User user3 = new User("王五",12,"男");
        
        list.add(user1);
        list.add(user2);
        list.add(user3);
        
        return list;
	}
}

     配置文件也就是去掉了bean和<dubbo:service>,使用<dubbo:annotation>取代了:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
	http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo 
	http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
	

	<dubbo:application name="provider" />
	
	<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181" />
	
	<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20886" payload="16777216"/>
	
	<dubbo:annotation package="com.xxx.dubbo.spring.annotation.provider"/>
</beans>

     消费者也相差无几:

@Service
public class AnnotationComsumer {

	@Reference(check=false)
	private DemoService demoService;
	
	public void print() {
        System.out.println(demoService.greet("张三"));
        System.out.println(demoService.getUsers());
    }

}

     注意这个Service是Spring的注解。配置文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
	http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo 
	http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
	
	<dubbo:application name="consumer"/>
	
	<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/>
	
	<dubbo:annotation package="com.xxx.dubbo.spring.annotation.consumer" />
</beans>

     启动程序如下:

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
	ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"annotation-provider.xml"});
	context.start();
	System.in.read();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"annotation-consumer.xml"});
        context.start();
        AnnotationComsumer demoService =  (AnnotationComsumer) context.getBean("annotationComsumer");
        demoService.print();
}

     最终效果和之前的一样。

4. API配置方式

    这个简单说明一下,其实看API的方式和配置文件的方式就会明白一些,不做详细介绍。

public class APIProvider {

	public static boolean running = true;
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {

        DemoService demoService = new DemoServiceImpl();
        
        ApplicationConfig applicationConfig =  new ApplicationConfig();
        applicationConfig.setName("provider");
        
        RegistryConfig registryConfig = new RegistryConfig();
        registryConfig.setAddress("zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181");
        
        ProtocolConfig protocolConfig = new ProtocolConfig();
        protocolConfig.setName("dubbo");
        protocolConfig.setPort(20886);
        protocolConfig.setPayload(16*1024*1024);
        
        ServiceConfig<DemoService> service = new ServiceConfig<DemoService>();
        
        service.setApplication(applicationConfig);
        service.setRegistry(registryConfig);
        service.setProtocol(protocolConfig);
        service.setInterface(DemoService.class);
        service.setRef(demoService);
        
        service.export();
        
        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() {
            public void run() {
                synchronized (APIProvider.class) {
                    running = false;
                    APIProvider.class.notify();
                }
            }
        });
        
        synchronized(APIProvider.class) {
            while(running) {
                try {
                    APIProvider.class.wait();
                } catch (Throwable e) {
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
public class APIConsumer {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ApplicationConfig applicationConfig =  new ApplicationConfig();
        applicationConfig.setName("consumer");
        

        RegistryConfig registryConfig = new RegistryConfig();
        registryConfig.setAddress("zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181");
        
        ReferenceConfig<DemoService> reference = new ReferenceConfig<DemoService>();
        reference.setApplication(applicationConfig);
        reference.setRegistry(registryConfig);
        reference.setInterface(DemoService.class);
        
        DemoService demoService = reference.get();
        System.out.println(demoService.greet("李四"));
        System.out.println(demoService.getUsers());
    }
}

     都是要先定义ApplicationConfig和<dubbo:application>一致,后面RegistryConfig也一样<dubbo:registry>。具体过程之后篇章介绍。这种API的方法不被推荐使用。

5 后记

    本篇主要是帮助新手快速入门搭建一个dubbo服务,之后会从整体结构上介绍一下dubbo是如何工作的,再往后会讲解一下源码实现。水平有限,有错请指教。

 

   

posted @ 2017-05-10 22:07  dark_saber  阅读(799)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报