使用HttpWebrequest对网站进行模拟操作(附登陆百度demo)
这篇文章是在博客园正式的第一篇文章。
不出意外 以后将在web的方向发展，前段时间把老早以前做过的webqq机器人重做了一遍，算是对winform的告别吧，巩固了C#方面的知识。
本篇主要介绍了我对模拟http请求方式的介绍和理解。(博客的样式是自己写的，有木有感觉好看呢(•‾̑⌣‾̑•)✧˖°)
首先 看一个GET请求
public string GetHtml(string url, string Referer, Encoding encode, bool SaveCookie)
{
HttpWebRequest req = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
req.Method = "GET";
req.CookieContainer = this.CookieContainer;
req.Proxy = null;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Referer))
req.Referer = Referer;
using (HttpWebResponse hwr = req.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse)
{
if (SaveCookie)
{
this.CookieCollection = hwr.Cookies;
this.CookieContainer.GetCookies(req.RequestUri);
}
using (StreamReader SR = new StreamReader(hwr.GetResponseStream(), encode))
{
return SR.ReadToEnd();
}
}
}
然后 再看POST
public string PostHtml(string url, string Referer, string data, Encoding encode, bool SaveCookie)
{
HttpWebRequest req = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
req.CookieContainer = this.CookieContainer;
req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
req.Method = "POST";
req.UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:30.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/30.0";
req.Proxy = null;
req.ProtocolVersion = HttpVersion.Version10;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Referer))
req.Referer = Referer;
byte[] mybyte = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(data);
req.ContentLength = mybyte.Length;
using (Stream stream = req.GetRequestStream())
{
stream.Write(mybyte, 0, mybyte.Length);
}
using (HttpWebResponse hwr = req.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse)
{
if (SaveCookie)
{
this.CookieCollection = hwr.Cookies;
this.CookieContainer.GetCookies(req.RequestUri);
}
using (StreamReader SR = new StreamReader(hwr.GetResponseStream(), encode))
{
return SR.ReadToEnd();
}
}
}
小结
1.这是我封装的一个httphelp类中的一部分，get貌似不需要那些像什么UserAgent,ContentType之类的东西
2.POST请求中一般要设置ContentType和UserAgent
3.默认请求是GET
如何 保持Cookie
每次请求之后保存CookieContainer即可，赋给下一次请求的httpwebrequest
区别 HttpWebRequest.CookieContainer和HttpWebResponse.CookieCollection
此处说的是进行一次http请求获得响应之后
CookieContainer是当前域的所有Cookie
CookieCollection是该次请求相关的所有Cookie
Referer 是什么
即本次请求的来源，从哪个页面进行http请求的
这里常被服务器用来检测请求是否合法
proxy？
请求的代理，对此我了解不多，忘有人能告之
在请求之前设置proxy=null，可以让请求跳过检查代理，http请求速度立刻上升一个档次！尤其是以前蹭wifi的时候我深有体会
这里是我封装的一个http请求辅助类，大家有兴趣可以参考一下：
public class HttpHelp
{
public CookieContainer CookieContainer { get; set; }
public CookieCollection CookieCollection { get; set; }
public HttpHelp()
{
this.CookieCollection = new CookieCollection();
this.CookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
}
public static string GetHtml(string url, string Referer, Encoding encode)
{
return new HttpHelp().GetHtml(url, Referer, encode, false);
}
public static string PostHtml(string url, string Referer, string data, Encoding encode)
{
return new HttpHelp().PostHtml(url, Referer, data, encode, false);
}
public string GetHtml(string url, string Referer, Encoding encode, bool SaveCookie)
{
HttpWebRequest req = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
req.Method = "GET";
req.CookieContainer = this.CookieContainer;
req.Proxy = null;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Referer))
req.Referer = Referer;
using (HttpWebResponse hwr = req.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse)
{
if (SaveCookie)
{
this.CookieCollection = hwr.Cookies;
this.CookieContainer.GetCookies(req.RequestUri);
}
using (StreamReader SR = new StreamReader(hwr.GetResponseStream(), encode))
{
return SR.ReadToEnd();
}
}
}
public string PostHtml(string url, string Referer, string data, Encoding encode, bool SaveCookie)
{
HttpWebRequest req = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
req.CookieContainer = this.CookieContainer;
req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
req.Method = "POST";
req.UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:30.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/30.0";
req.Proxy = null;
req.ProtocolVersion = HttpVersion.Version10;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Referer))
req.Referer = Referer;
byte[] mybyte = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(data);
req.ContentLength = mybyte.Length;
using (Stream stream = req.GetRequestStream())
{
stream.Write(mybyte, 0, mybyte.Length);
}
using (HttpWebResponse hwr = req.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse)
{
if (SaveCookie)
{
this.CookieCollection = hwr.Cookies;
this.CookieContainer.GetCookies(req.RequestUri);
}
using (StreamReader SR = new StreamReader(hwr.GetResponseStream(), encode))
{
return SR.ReadToEnd();
}
}
}
///
/// 上传文件
///
///上传地址
///文件路径
///原网页file控件name
///请求流中的contentType
///返回的encoding
///post参数字典
///
public static string PostFile(string url, string filepath, string paramName, string contentType, Encoding encode, Dictionary<string, string> dict)
{
HttpWebRequest hrq = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
string boundary = "---------------------------" + DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x");
byte[] boundarybytes = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes("\r\n--" + boundary + "\r\n");
hrq.ContentType = "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary;
hrq.Method = "POST";
using (Stream stream = hrq.GetRequestStream()) //请求流
{
//写入post参数
string formdataTemplete = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"\r\n\r\n{1}";
if (dict != null && dict.Count > 0)
{
foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> pair in dict)
{
stream.Write(boundarybytes, 0, boundarybytes.Length);
string formitem = string.Format(formdataTemplete, pair.Key, pair.Value);
byte[] formitemBytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(formitem);
stream.Write(formitemBytes, 0, formitemBytes.Length);
}
}
stream.Write(boundarybytes, 0, boundarybytes.Length);
//写入头信息
string headerTemplate = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"\r\nContent-Type: {2}\r\n\r\n";
string header = string.Format(headerTemplate, paramName, Path.GetFileName(filepath), contentType);
byte[] headerBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(header);
stream.Write(headerBytes, 0, headerBytes.Length);
//写入文件
byte[] fileBytes = File.ReadAllBytes(filepath);
stream.Write(fileBytes, 0, fileBytes.Length);
//写入尾部
byte[] footerBytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes("\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n");
stream.Write(footerBytes, 0, footerBytes.Length);
using (HttpWebResponse hrp = hrq.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse)//响应流
{
using (StreamReader SR = new StreamReader(hrp.GetResponseStream(), encode))
{
return SR.ReadToEnd();
}
}
}
}
}
登陆百度示例：
登陆百度的一个demo，我在13年写的 =。= ，现在登陆加密了，不过以前的这种方式仍然可以用，呵呵
吐槽一下，从来没写过博客，无论是新浪，QQ，还是其它。今天才发现这排版太累。
之后打算写一下，模拟webqq请求来实现QQ机器人。尽量写成一个系列吧...么么哒(*ﾟ∀ﾟ*)
.
