实例上下文模式:单调模式
在创建一个服务端的时候都会依托于ServiceHost对象,里面存在一个SingletonInstance指向一个服务实例。而ServiceHost最终都是寄在InstanceContext中。对于单调模式,客户端的每次调用服务端都会创建一个全新的上下文和服务实例。
为了验证上述流程,写了下面这个例子。ServiceBehavior中的InstanceContextMode可以设置服务类型的上下文模式,公三种PerCall、PerSession、Single分别对应单调、回话、单例。这里设置为PerCall。
服务端用了一个Timer定时器,每隔100ms调用GC回收一次垃圾数据。Calculator中定义了构造函数和析构函数,方便看清服务端服务实例的声明周期。
using System.ServiceModel; using System.ServiceModel.Channels; using System.ServiceModel.Description; using System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Timer T = new Timer(s => GC.Collect(), null, 0, 100); ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(Calculator)); host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ICalculator), new WSHttpBinding(), "http://localhost:4216"); host.Opened += delegate { Console.WriteLine("Service Start!"); }; host.Open(); Console.Read(); } }
[ServiceContract] public interface ICalculator { [OperationContract] int Add(int x, int y); } [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode=InstanceContextMode.PerCall)] public class Calculator : ICalculator,IDisposable { public Calcilator() { Console.WriteLine("构造函数Calculator"); } public int Add(int x, int y) { return x + y; } ~Calcilator() { Console.WriteLine("析构函数Calculator"); } public void Dispose() { Console.WriteLine("Dispose方法"); } } }
客户端调用:
static void Main(string[] args) { ICalculator channel = ChannelFactory<ICalculator>.CreateChannel(new WSHttpBinding(), new EndpointAddress("http://localhost:4216")); channel.Add(1, 2); channel.Add(3, 4); }
输出:
可以看到,对于客户端的每次调用,都是新建了服务实例。
也可以自定义Attribute实现。IInstanceContextProvider是上下文提供者,GetExistingInstanceContext方法获取当前上下文实例,如果当前没有实例则会创建一个新的上下文。这里返回null,让它创建新的上下文。IsIdle方法返回true,意味着这个上下文实例是空闲的,GC可以回收。InitializeInstanceContext和NotifyIdle不实现。
public class PerCallServiceProvider : IInstanceContextProvider { public InstanceContext GetExistingInstanceContext(Message message, IContextChannel channel) { return null; } public void InitializeInstanceContext(InstanceContext instanceContext, Message message, IContextChannel channel) {} public bool IsIdle(InstanceContext instanceContext) { return true; } public void NotifyIdle(InstanceContextIdleCallback callback, InstanceContext instanceContext) { } }
接下来将对每个终结点分发器都创建一个新的InstanceContextProvider。
public class PerCallAttribute : Attribute, IServiceBehavior { public void AddBindingParameters(ServiceDescription serviceDescription, ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase, System.Collections.ObjectModel.Collection<ServiceEndpoint> endpoints, BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters) {} public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(ServiceDescription serviceDescription, ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase) { foreach (ChannelDispatcher channel in serviceHostBase.ChannelDispatchers) { foreach (EndpointDispatcher endpoint in channel.Endpoints) { endpoint.DispatchRuntime.InstanceContextProvider = new PerCallServiceProvider(); } } } public void Validate(ServiceDescription serviceDescription, ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase) {} }
服务端使用如下,也能实现单调的效果。
[PerCall] public class Calcilator : ICalculator,IDisposable {.....}