Day 2 Python之循序渐进2
1.Python编码
通过Python将文件读到内存，分析内容--转换成字节码，CPU执行机器码
ex: Python /home/dev/hello.py
执行hello.py的过程：
解释器：
#! /usr/bin/env python ./hello.py #hello.py 由上面这个环境执行
内容编码:
#! /usr/bin/env python 定义代码执行环境
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 将代码转换成utf-8格式表示
# ASCII（8位）-->unicode(万国码)至少16位，2的16次方 --> utf-8 （对万国码的压缩和优化，对数字，字母，字符按照8位存）
# utf-8 欧洲字母用两个字节存（16），汉字用三个字节存（24）
# python2.7 默认用unicode 表示，需要编码转换，见下图：
python3.x默认编码为utf-8
代码注释：
单行注释： #
多行注释： '''code''' 或者“”“ ”“”
2.接受执行参数
python p.py runserver 0.0.0.0(传入参数)
1 #! /usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 4 import sys # 默认解释器代码放在sys中提供调用 5 print(sys.argv)
sys.argv 用来接收python解释器所有的参数封装到argv里面，argv类型为列表
pyc文件：
pyc字节码文件通过.py文件生成，修改和删除后再次执行*.py依然会生成或者覆盖。
3.Python字符串原理
3.1 内存中维护一个小数字池（作为缓存用，缓冲池），范围：-5 ~ 257
3.2 字符串(内部算法)，列表，元组都一样
4.基本数据类型常用方法
4.1 基本的5中数据类型
- Int 整型（表示和数字方法一样）
如11,22，33,55,66
在32位机器上，整数的位数为32，取值范围：-2**31~2**31-1
在64位机器上，整数的位数为64，取值范围 ：-2**63~2**63-1
Class Int- long长整型
与C不同，python长整数没有指定位宽，从2.2版本起，如果整数发生溢出，python会自动将整数转换为长整数类型，即+L
可能如：15656543649、48489464246544564654
class long(object): """ long(x=0) -> long long(x, base=10) -> long Convert a number or string to a long integer, or return 0L if no arguments are given. If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero. If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base. The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal. >>> int('0b100', base=0) 4L """ def bit_length(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ long.bit_length() -> int or long Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary. >>> bin(37L) '0b100101' >>> (37L).bit_length() """ return 0 def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Returns self, the complex conjugate of any long. """ pass def __abs__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """ pass def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """ pass def __and__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """ pass def __cmp__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """ pass def __coerce__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """ pass def __divmod__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """ pass def __div__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """ pass def __float__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__float__() <==> float(x) """ pass def __floordiv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """ pass def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __hash__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """ pass def __hex__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__hex__() <==> hex(x) """ pass def __index__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()] """ pass def __init__(self, x=0): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ pass def __int__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__int__() <==> int(x) """ pass def __invert__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__invert__() <==> ~x """ pass def __long__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__long__() <==> long(x) """ pass def __lshift__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y """ pass def __mod__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """ pass def __mul__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """ pass def __neg__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__neg__() <==> -x """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ pass def __nonzero__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """ pass def __oct__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__oct__() <==> oct(x) """ pass def __or__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__or__(y) <==> x|y """ pass def __pos__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__pos__() <==> +x """ pass def __pow__(self, y, z=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """ pass def __radd__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """ pass def __rand__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x """ pass def __rdivmod__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """ pass def __rdiv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """ pass def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ pass def __rfloordiv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """ pass def __rlshift__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x """ pass def __rmod__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """ pass def __rmul__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """ pass def __ror__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x """ pass def __rpow__(self, x, z=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """ pass def __rrshift__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x """ pass def __rshift__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y """ pass def __rsub__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """ pass def __rtruediv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """ pass def __rxor__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x """ pass def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Returns size in memory, in bytes """ pass def __str__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__str__() <==> str(x) """ pass def __sub__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """ pass def __truediv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """ pass def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Truncating an Integral returns itself. """ pass def __xor__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y """ pass denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default """the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms""" imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default """the imaginary part of a complex number""" numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default """the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms""" real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default """the real part of a complex number""" long
- Float浮点型
如：3.14159,6.5539 (通常说为带小数点的)
class float(object): """ float(x) -> floating point number Convert a string or number to a floating point number, if possible. """ def as_integer_ratio(self): """ 获取改值的最简比 """ """ float.as_integer_ratio() -> (int, int) Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is exactly equal to the original float and with a positive denominator. Raise OverflowError on infinities and a ValueError on NaNs. >>> (10.0).as_integer_ratio() (10, 1) >>> (0.0).as_integer_ratio() (0, 1) >>> (-.25).as_integer_ratio() (-1, 4) """ pass def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self, the complex conjugate of any float. """ pass def fromhex(self, string): """ 将十六进制字符串转换成浮点型 """ """ float.fromhex(string) -> float Create a floating-point number from a hexadecimal string. >>> float.fromhex('0x1.ffffp10') 2047.984375 >>> float.fromhex('-0x1p-1074') -4.9406564584124654e-324 """ return 0.0 def hex(self): """ 返回当前值的 16 进制表示 """ """ float.hex() -> string Return a hexadecimal representation of a floating-point number. >>> (-0.1).hex() '-0x1.999999999999ap-4' >>> 3.14159.hex() '0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1' """ return "" def is_integer(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return True if the float is an integer. """ pass def __abs__(self): """ x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """ pass def __add__(self, y): """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """ pass def __coerce__(self, y): """ x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """ pass def __divmod__(self, y): """ x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """ pass def __div__(self, y): """ x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """ pass def __eq__(self, y): """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """ pass def __float__(self): """ x.__float__() <==> float(x) """ pass def __floordiv__(self, y): """ x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """ pass def __format__(self, format_spec): """ float.__format__(format_spec) -> string Formats the float according to format_spec. """ return "" def __getattribute__(self, name): """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ pass def __getformat__(self, typestr): """ float.__getformat__(typestr) -> string You probably don't want to use this function. It exists mainly to be used in Python's test suite. typestr must be 'double' or 'float'. This function returns whichever of 'unknown', 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian' best describes the format of floating point numbers used by the C type named by typestr. """ return "" def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __ge__(self, y): """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """ pass def __gt__(self, y): """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """ pass def __hash__(self): """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """ pass def __init__(self, x): pass def __int__(self): """ x.__int__() <==> int(x) """ pass def __le__(self, y): """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """ pass def __long__(self): """ x.__long__() <==> long(x) """ pass def __lt__(self, y): """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """ pass def __mod__(self, y): """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """ pass def __mul__(self, y): """ x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """ pass def __neg__(self): """ x.__neg__() <==> -x """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(S, *more): """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ pass def __ne__(self, y): """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """ pass def __nonzero__(self): """ x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """ pass def __pos__(self): """ x.__pos__() <==> +x """ pass def __pow__(self, y, z=None): """ x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """ pass def __radd__(self, y): """ x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """ pass def __rdivmod__(self, y): """ x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """ pass def __rdiv__(self, y): """ x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """ pass def __repr__(self): """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ pass def __rfloordiv__(self, y): """ x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """ pass def __rmod__(self, y): """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """ pass def __rmul__(self, y): """ x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """ pass def __rpow__(self, x, z=None): """ y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """ pass def __rsub__(self, y): """ x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """ pass def __rtruediv__(self, y): """ x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """ pass def __setformat__(self, typestr, fmt): """ float.__setformat__(typestr, fmt) -> None You probably don't want to use this function. It exists mainly to be used in Python's test suite. typestr must be 'double' or 'float'. fmt must be one of 'unknown', 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian', and in addition can only be one of the latter two if it appears to match the underlying C reality. Override the automatic determination of C-level floating point type. This affects how floats are converted to and from binary strings. """ pass def __str__(self): """ x.__str__() <==> str(x) """ pass def __sub__(self, y): """ x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """ pass def __truediv__(self, y): """ x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """ pass def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return the Integral closest to x between 0 and x. """ pass imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default """the imaginary part of a complex number""" real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default """the real part of a complex number""" float
- bool布尔型
即是Ture 和 False; 0或1
可以使用and / or /not
- None空值
不能理解为0，一个特殊的空值
- complex复数
由实数和虚数组成，一般表现为X+Y
字符串：
如：“leon”,"jack" ==
万恶的字符串拼接
ex:
s = "leon"
其实是字符数组['l','e','o','n']
如果['l','e','o','n']+y 内存会自动开辟空间['l','e','o','n','y']
用字符串格式化只会增加两次
考虑程序的垃圾回收机制问题
print "i am %s %s %s %s " % name
i am %s %s %s %s
字符串常用功能：
- 移除空白 （strip）
- 分割 (split)
- 长度 (len)
- 索引 obj[1]
- 切片 obj[1:],obj[1:10]
字符串具备功能：
class str(basestring): """ str(object='') -> string Return a nice string representation of the object. If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object. """ def capitalize(self): """ 首字母变大写 """ """ S.capitalize() -> string Return a copy of the string S with only its first character capitalized. """ return "" def center(self, width, fillchar=None): """ 内容居中，width：总长度；fillchar：空白处填充内容，默认无 """ """ S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space) """ return "" def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ 子序列个数 """ """ S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. """ return 0 def decode(self, encoding=None, errors=None): """ 解码 """ """ S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace' as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors. """ return object() def encode(self, encoding=None, errors=None): """ 编码，针对unicode """ """ S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors. """ return object() def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): """ 是否以 xxx 结束 """ """ S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try. """ return False def expandtabs(self, tabsize=None): """ 将tab转换成空格，默认一个tab转换成8个空格 """ """ S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> string Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed. """ return "" def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ 寻找子序列位置，如果没找到，返回 -1 """ """ S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure. """ return 0 def format(*args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format """ 字符串格式化，动态参数，将函数式编程时细说 """ """ S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> string Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). """ pass def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ 子序列位置，如果没找到，报错 """ S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found. """ return 0 def isalnum(self): """ 是否是字母和数字 """ """ S.isalnum() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isalpha(self): """ 是否是字母 """ """ S.isalpha() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isdigit(self): """ 是否是数字 """ """ S.isdigit() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are digits and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def islower(self): """ 是否小写 """ """ S.islower() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isspace(self): """ S.isspace() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are whitespace and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def istitle(self): """ S.istitle() -> bool Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False otherwise. """ return False def isupper(self): """ S.isupper() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def join(self, iterable): """ 连接 """ """ S.join(iterable) -> string Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the iterable. The separator between elements is S. """ return "" def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None): """ 内容左对齐，右侧填充 """ """ S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S left-justified in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). """ return "" def lower(self): """ 变小写 """ """ S.lower() -> string Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase. """ return "" def lstrip(self, chars=None): """ 移除左侧空白 """ """ S.lstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping """ return "" def partition(self, sep): """ 分割，前，中，后三部分 """ """ S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, return S and two empty strings. """ pass def replace(self, old, new, count=None): """ 替换 """ """ S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> string Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced. """ return "" def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure. """ return 0 def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found. """ return 0 def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None): """ S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space) """ return "" def rpartition(self, sep): """ S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, return two empty strings and S. """ pass def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None): """ S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string is a separator. """ return [] def rstrip(self, chars=None): """ S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping """ return "" def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None): """ 分割， maxsplit最多分割几次 """ """ S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed from the result. """ return [] def splitlines(self, keepends=False): """ 根据换行分割 """ """ S.splitlines(keepends=False) -> list of strings Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true. """ return [] def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): """ 是否起始 """ """ S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try. """ return False def strip(self, chars=None): """ 移除两段空白 """ """ S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping """ return "" def swapcase(self): """ 大写变小写，小写变大写 """ """ S.swapcase() -> string Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase and vice versa. """ return "" def title(self): """ S.title() -> string Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase. """ return "" def translate(self, table, deletechars=None): """ 转换，需要先做一个对应表，最后一个表示删除字符集合 intab = "aeiou" outtab = "12345" trantab = maketrans(intab, outtab) str = "this is string example....wow!!!" print str.translate(trantab, 'xm') """ """ S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the remaining characters have been mapped through the given translation table, which must be a string of length 256 or None. If the table argument is None, no translation is applied and the operation simply removes the characters in deletechars. """ return "" def upper(self): """ S.upper() -> string Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase. """ return "" def zfill(self, width): """方法返回指定长度的字符串，原字符串右对齐，前面填充0。""" """ S.zfill(width) -> string Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the specified width. The string S is never truncated. """ return "" def _formatter_field_name_split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def _formatter_parser(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __add__(self, y): """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """ pass def __contains__(self, y): """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """ pass def __eq__(self, y): """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """ pass def __format__(self, format_spec): """ S.__format__(format_spec) -> string Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec. """ return "" def __getattribute__(self, name): """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ pass def __getitem__(self, y): """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """ pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __getslice__(self, i, j): """ x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported. """ pass def __ge__(self, y): """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """ pass def __gt__(self, y): """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """ pass def __hash__(self): """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """ pass def __init__(self, string=''): # known special case of str.__init__ """ str(object='') -> string Return a nice string representation of the object. If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object. # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __len__(self): """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """ pass def __le__(self, y): """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """ pass def __lt__(self, y): """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """ pass def __mod__(self, y): """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """ pass def __mul__(self, n): """ x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(S, *more): """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ pass def __ne__(self, y): """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """ pass def __repr__(self): """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ pass def __rmod__(self, y): """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """ pass def __rmul__(self, n): """ x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """ pass def __sizeof__(self): """ S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """ pass def __str__(self): """ x.__str__() <==> str(x) """ pass str
列表：
如：[11,22,33]、['leon', 'jack']
l1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6] 或 l1 = list(1,2,3,4,5,6)
常用方法：
索引： index
切片： :
追加：append
删除：del remove pop
长度：len
循环：for,while, (foreach)
循环中断：break;continue;pass(占位);return;exit（退出整个程序）
包含：in ， _contains_
ex: 'leon' in ['beijing'],
每个列表都具备如下功能：
class list(object): """ list() -> new empty list list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items """ def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.append(object) -- append object to end """ pass def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """ return 0 def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.extend(iterable) -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """ pass def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. """ return 0 def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """ pass def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last). Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range. """ pass def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. """ pass def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """ pass def sort(self, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*; cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1 """ pass def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """ pass def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """ pass def __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """ pass def __delslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__delslice__(i, j) <==> del x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported. """ pass def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """ pass def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """ pass def __getslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported. """ pass def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """ pass def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """ pass def __iadd__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__iadd__(y) <==> x+=y """ pass def __imul__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__imul__(y) <==> x*=y """ pass def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of list.__init__ """ list() -> new empty list list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """ pass def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """ pass def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """ pass def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """ pass def __mul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ pass def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """ pass def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ pass def __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list """ pass def __rmul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """ pass def __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """ pass def __setslice__(self, i, j, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__setslice__(i, j, y) <==> x[i:j]=y Use of negative indices is not supported. """ pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes """ pass __hash__ = None list
元组（tuple）
重点：元组的元素不可以修改
（11,22,33,44,55）
（11,22,33,44,55，{'k1':'v1'}）元组的元素不能修改，所以里面字典不能修改，但是元素的元素，也就是字典里的值是可以改的
ex:
t1 = (1,2,{'k1':'v1'})
#1,2,{'k1':'v1'}
#del t1[0]
t1[2]['k1'] = 2
print(t1)
#索引、切片、循环、长度、包含 等功能和列表一样
字典（dict）:
键值对 dic = {'key'：‘value’}
常用功能
索引：通过key来找 index
新增：d[key] xx
删除：del d[key]
键、值、键值对: keys \ values \ items
for i in dict(类)
循环：for ==
长度：len
class dict(object): """ dict() -> new empty dictionary dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's (key, value) pairs dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via: d = {} for k, v in iterable: d[k] = v dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2) """ def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 清除内容 """ """ D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D. """ pass def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 浅拷贝 """ """ D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """ pass @staticmethod # known case def fromkeys(S, v=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ dict.fromkeys(S[,v]) -> New dict with keys from S and values equal to v. v defaults to None. """ pass def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 根据key获取值，d是默认值 """ """ D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None. """ pass def has_key(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 是否有key """ """ D.has_key(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """ return False def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 所有项的列表形式 """ """ D.items() -> list of D's (key, value) pairs, as 2-tuples """ return [] def iteritems(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 项可迭代 """ """ D.iteritems() -> an iterator over the (key, value) items of D """ pass def iterkeys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ key可迭代 """ """ D.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys of D """ pass def itervalues(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ value可迭代 """ """ D.itervalues() -> an iterator over the values of D """ pass def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 所有的key列表 """ """ D.keys() -> list of D's keys """ return [] def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 获取并在字典中移除 """ """ D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value. If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised """ pass def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 获取并在字典中移除 """ """ D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty. """ pass def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 如果key不存在，则创建，如果存在，则返回已存在的值且不修改 """ """ D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """ pass def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update """ 更新 {'name':'alex', 'age': 18000} [('name','sbsbsb'),] """ """ D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F. If E present and has a .keys() method, does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k] If E present and lacks .keys() method, does: for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k] """ pass def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 所有的值 """ """ D.values() -> list of D's values """ return [] def viewitems(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 所有项，只是将内容保存至view对象中 """ """ D.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items """ pass def viewkeys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys """ pass def viewvalues(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on D's values """ pass def __cmp__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """ pass def __contains__(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.__contains__(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """ return False def __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """ pass def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """ pass def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """ pass def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """ pass def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """ pass def __init__(self, seq=None, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__ """ dict() -> new empty dictionary dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's (key, value) pairs dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via: d = {} for k, v in iterable: d[k] = v dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2) # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """ pass def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """ pass def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """ pass def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ pass def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """ pass def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ pass def __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """ pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes """ pass __hash__ = None dict
5.Python主文件判断
if _name_=='_main_':
main() #主入口文件
ex:
1.py _name_ 1
index.py _name_=='_main_'
python index
6.一切事物皆为对象
name = 'jack' 对象
li = [11,22,33] 对象
对象调用类里面的方法实现功能
7.int内部功能介绍
查看对象由那个类创建
age = 18 print (type(age))
输出：
C:\Python35\python35.exe "D:/Python/python代码/Day 04/test.py"
<class 'int'>
用type可以找到类的位置：
或者直接abs(-19), abs内部会先创建数字对象，执行对象的abs方法。
方法：
1 class int(object): 2 """ 3 int(x=0) -> int or long 4 int(x, base=10) -> int or long 5 6 Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments 7 are given. If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero. 8 If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead. 9 10 If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or 11 Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base. The 12 literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace. 13 The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to 14 interpret the base from the string as an integer literal. 15 >>> int('0b100', base=0) 16 """ 17 def bit_length(self): 18 """ 返回表示该数字的时占用的最少位数 """ 19 """ 20 int.bit_length() -> int 21 22 Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary. 23 >>> bin(37) 24 '0b100101' 25 >>> (37).bit_length() 26 """ 27 return 0 28 29 def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 30 """ 返回该复数的共轭复数 """ 31 """ Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. """ 32 pass 33 34 def __abs__(self): 35 """ 返回绝对值 """ 36 """ x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """ 37 pass 38 39 def __add__(self, y): 40 """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """ 41 pass 42 43 def __and__(self, y): 44 """ x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """ 45 pass 46 47 def __cmp__(self, y): 48 """ 比较两个数大小 """ 49 """ x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """ 50 pass 51 52 def __coerce__(self, y): 53 """ 强制生成一个元组 """ 54 """ x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """ 55 pass 56 57 def __divmod__(self, y): 58 """ 相除，得到商和余数组成的元组 """ 59 """ x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """ 60 pass 61 62 def __div__(self, y): 63 """ x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """ 64 pass 65 66 def __float__(self): 67 """ 转换为浮点类型 """ 68 """ x.__float__() <==> float(x) """ 69 pass 70 71 def __floordiv__(self, y): 72 """ x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """ 73 pass 74 75 def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 76 pass 77 78 def __getattribute__(self, name): 79 """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ 80 pass 81 82 def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 83 """ 内部调用 __new__方法或创建对象时传入参数使用 """ 84 pass 85 86 def __hash__(self): 87 """如果对象object为哈希表类型，返回对象object的哈希值。哈希值为整数。在字典查找中，哈希值用于快速比较字典的键。两个数值如果相等，则哈希值也相等。""" 88 """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """ 89 pass 90 91 def __hex__(self): 92 """ 返回当前数的 十六进制 表示 """ 93 """ x.__hex__() <==> hex(x) """ 94 pass 95 96 def __index__(self): 97 """ 用于切片，数字无意义 """ 98 """ x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()] """ 99 pass 100 101 def __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__ 102 """ 构造方法，执行 x = 123 或 x = int(10) 时，自动调用，暂时忽略 """ 103 """ 104 int(x=0) -> int or long 105 int(x, base=10) -> int or long 106 107 Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments 108 are given. If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero. 109 If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead. 110 111 If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or 112 Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base. The 113 literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace. 114 The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to 115 interpret the base from the string as an integer literal. 116 >>> int('0b100', base=0) 117 # (copied from class doc) 118 """ 119 pass 120 121 def __int__(self): 122 """ 转换为整数 """ 123 """ x.__int__() <==> int(x) """ 124 pass 125 126 def __invert__(self): 127 """ x.__invert__() <==> ~x """ 128 pass 129 130 def __long__(self): 131 """ 转换为长整数 """ 132 """ x.__long__() <==> long(x) """ 133 pass 134 135 def __lshift__(self, y): 136 """ x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y """ 137 pass 138 139 def __mod__(self, y): 140 """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """ 141 pass 142 143 def __mul__(self, y): 144 """ x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """ 145 pass 146 147 def __neg__(self): 148 """ x.__neg__() <==> -x """ 149 pass 150 151 @staticmethod # known case of __new__ 152 def __new__(S, *more): 153 """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ 154 pass 155 156 def __nonzero__(self): 157 """ x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """ 158 pass 159 160 def __oct__(self): 161 """ 返回改值的 八进制 表示 """ 162 """ x.__oct__() <==> oct(x) """ 163 pass 164 165 def __or__(self, y): 166 """ x.__or__(y) <==> x|y """ 167 pass 168 169 def __pos__(self): 170 """ x.__pos__() <==> +x """ 171 pass 172 173 def __pow__(self, y, z=None): 174 """ 幂，次方 """ 175 """ x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """ 176 pass 177 178 def __radd__(self, y): 179 """ x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """ 180 pass 181 182 def __rand__(self, y): 183 """ x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x """ 184 pass 185 186 def __rdivmod__(self, y): 187 """ x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """ 188 pass 189 190 def __rdiv__(self, y): 191 """ x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """ 192 pass 193 194 def __repr__(self): 195 """转化为解释器可读取的形式 """ 196 """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ 197 pass 198 199 def __str__(self): 200 """转换为人阅读的形式，如果没有适于人阅读的解释形式的话，则返回解释器课阅读的形式""" 201 """ x.__str__() <==> str(x) """ 202 pass 203 204 def __rfloordiv__(self, y): 205 """ x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """ 206 pass 207 208 def __rlshift__(self, y): 209 """ x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x """ 210 pass 211 212 def __rmod__(self, y): 213 """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """ 214 pass 215 216 def __rmul__(self, y): 217 """ x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """ 218 pass 219 220 def __ror__(self, y): 221 """ x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x """ 222 pass 223 224 def __rpow__(self, x, z=None): 225 """ y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """ 226 pass 227 228 def __rrshift__(self, y): 229 """ x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x """ 230 pass 231 232 def __rshift__(self, y): 233 """ x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y """ 234 pass 235 236 def __rsub__(self, y): 237 """ x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """ 238 pass 239 240 def __rtruediv__(self, y): 241 """ x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """ 242 pass 243 244 def __rxor__(self, y): 245 """ x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x """ 246 pass 247 248 def __sub__(self, y): 249 """ x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """ 250 pass 251 252 def __truediv__(self, y): 253 """ x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """ 254 pass 255 256 def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): 257 """ 返回数值被截取为整形的值，在整形中无意义 """ 258 pass 259 260 def __xor__(self, y): 261 """ x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y """ 262 pass 263 264 denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 265 """ 分母 = 1 """ 266 """the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms""" 267 268 imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 269 """ 虚数，无意义 """ 270 """the imaginary part of a complex number""" 271 272 numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 273 """ 分子 = 数字大小 """ 274 """the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms""" 275 276 real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 277 """ 实属，无意义 """ 278 """the real part of a complex number""" 279 280 int
1 站点分页： 2 数据库共95条，每页显示10条数据 3 4 几页 5 6 1、95/10 7 2、余数 95%10 8 9 if 余数>0 10 95/10 +1 11 else: 12 95/10
1 all_item = 95 2 pager = 10 3 result = all_item._divmod_(10) 4 print result
8.float和long内部功能
float:
如：3.14、 每个浮点型都具备如下功能：
1 class float(object): 2 """ 3 float(x) -> floating point number 4 5 Convert a string or number to a floating point number, if possible. 6 """ 7 def as_integer_ratio(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 8 """ 9 float.as_integer_ratio() -> (int, int) 10 11 Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is exactly equal to the original 12 float and with a positive denominator. 13 Raise OverflowError on infinities and a ValueError on NaNs. 14 15 >>> (10.0).as_integer_ratio() 16 (10, 1) 17 >>> (0.0).as_integer_ratio() 18 (0, 1) 19 >>> (-.25).as_integer_ratio() 20 (-1, 4) 21 """ 22 pass 23 24 def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 25 """ Return self, the complex conjugate of any float. """ 26 pass 27 28 def fromhex(self, string): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 29 """ 30 float.fromhex(string) -> float 31 32 Create a floating-point number from a hexadecimal string. 33 >>> float.fromhex('0x1.ffffp10') 34 2047.984375 35 >>> float.fromhex('-0x1p-1074') 36 -5e-324 37 """ 38 return 0.0 39 40 def hex(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 41 """ 42 float.hex() -> string 43 44 Return a hexadecimal representation of a floating-point number. 45 >>> (-0.1).hex() 46 '-0x1.999999999999ap-4' 47 >>> 3.14159.hex() 48 '0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1' 49 """ 50 return "" 51 52 def is_integer(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 53 """ Return True if the float is an integer. """ 54 pass 55 56 def __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 57 """ abs(self) """ 58 pass 59 60 def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 61 """ Return self+value. """ 62 pass 63 64 def __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 65 """ self != 0 """ 66 pass 67 68 def __divmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 69 """ Return divmod(self, value). """ 70 pass 71 72 def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 73 """ Return self==value. """ 74 pass 75 76 def __float__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 77 """ float(self) """ 78 pass 79 80 def __floordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 81 """ Return self//value. """ 82 pass 83 84 def __format__(self, format_spec): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 85 """ 86 float.__format__(format_spec) -> string 87 88 Formats the float according to format_spec. 89 """ 90 return "" 91 92 def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 93 """ Return getattr(self, name). """ 94 pass 95 96 def __getformat__(self, typestr): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 97 """ 98 float.__getformat__(typestr) -> string 99 100 You probably don't want to use this function. It exists mainly to be 101 used in Python's test suite. 102 103 typestr must be 'double' or 'float'. This function returns whichever of 104 'unknown', 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian' best describes the 105 format of floating point numbers used by the C type named by typestr. 106 """ 107 return "" 108 109 def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 110 pass 111 112 def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 113 """ Return self>=value. """ 114 pass 115 116 def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 117 """ Return self>value. """ 118 pass 119 120 def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 121 """ Return hash(self). """ 122 pass 123 124 def __init__(self, x): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 125 pass 126 127 def __int__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 128 """ int(self) """ 129 pass 130 131 def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 132 """ Return self<=value. """ 133 pass 134 135 def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 136 """ Return self<value. """ 137 pass 138 139 def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 140 """ Return self%value. """ 141 pass 142 143 def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 144 """ Return self*value. """ 145 pass 146 147 def __neg__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 148 """ -self """ 149 pass 150 151 @staticmethod # known case of __new__ 152 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 153 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ 154 pass 155 156 def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 157 """ Return self!=value. """ 158 pass 159 160 def __pos__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 161 """ +self """ 162 pass 163 164 def __pow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 165 """ Return pow(self, value, mod). """ 166 pass 167 168 def __radd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 169 """ Return value+self. """ 170 pass 171 172 def __rdivmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 173 """ Return divmod(value, self). """ 174 pass 175 176 def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 177 """ Return repr(self). """ 178 pass 179 180 def __rfloordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 181 """ Return value//self. """ 182 pass 183 184 def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 185 """ Return value%self. """ 186 pass 187 188 def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 189 """ Return value*self. """ 190 pass 191 192 def __round__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 193 """ 194 Return the Integral closest to x, rounding half toward even. 195 When an argument is passed, work like built-in round(x, ndigits). 196 """ 197 pass 198 199 def __rpow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 200 """ Return pow(value, self, mod). """ 201 pass 202 203 def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 204 """ Return value-self. """ 205 pass 206 207 def __rtruediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 208 """ Return value/self. """ 209 pass 210 211 def __setformat__(self, typestr, fmt): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 212 """ 213 float.__setformat__(typestr, fmt) -> None 214 215 You probably don't want to use this function. It exists mainly to be 216 used in Python's test suite. 217 218 typestr must be 'double' or 'float'. fmt must be one of 'unknown', 219 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian', and in addition can only be 220 one of the latter two if it appears to match the underlying C reality. 221 222 Override the automatic determination of C-level floating point type. 223 This affects how floats are converted to and from binary strings. 224 """ 225 pass 226 227 def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 228 """ Return str(self). """ 229 pass 230 231 def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 232 """ Return self-value. """ 233 pass 234 235 def __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 236 """ Return self/value. """ 237 pass 238 239 def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 240 """ Return the Integral closest to x between 0 and x. """ 241 pass 242 243 imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 244 """the imaginary part of a complex number""" 245 246 real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 247 """the real part of a complex number"""
long:
可能如：2147483649、9223372036854775807
每个长整型都具备如下功能：
1 class long(object): 2 """ 3 long(x=0) -> long 4 long(x, base=10) -> long 5 6 Convert a number or string to a long integer, or return 0L if no arguments 7 are given. If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero. 8 9 If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or 10 Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base. The 11 literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace. 12 The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to 13 interpret the base from the string as an integer literal. 14 >>> int('0b100', base=0) 15 4L 16 """ 17 def bit_length(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 18 """ 19 long.bit_length() -> int or long 20 21 Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary. 22 >>> bin(37L) 23 '0b100101' 24 >>> (37L).bit_length() 25 """ 26 return 0 27 28 def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 29 """ Returns self, the complex conjugate of any long. """ 30 pass 31 32 def __abs__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 33 """ x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """ 34 pass 35 36 def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 37 """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """ 38 pass 39 40 def __and__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 41 """ x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """ 42 pass 43 44 def __cmp__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 45 """ x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """ 46 pass 47 48 def __coerce__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 49 """ x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """ 50 pass 51 52 def __divmod__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 53 """ x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """ 54 pass 55 56 def __div__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 57 """ x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """ 58 pass 59 60 def __float__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 61 """ x.__float__() <==> float(x) """ 62 pass 63 64 def __floordiv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 65 """ x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """ 66 pass 67 68 def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 69 pass 70 71 def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 72 """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ 73 pass 74 75 def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 76 pass 77 78 def __hash__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 79 """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """ 80 pass 81 82 def __hex__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 83 """ x.__hex__() <==> hex(x) """ 84 pass 85 86 def __index__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 87 """ x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()] """ 88 pass 89 90 def __init__(self, x=0): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 91 pass 92 93 def __int__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 94 """ x.__int__() <==> int(x) """ 95 pass 96 97 def __invert__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 98 """ x.__invert__() <==> ~x """ 99 pass 100 101 def __long__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 102 """ x.__long__() <==> long(x) """ 103 pass 104 105 def __lshift__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 106 """ x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y """ 107 pass 108 109 def __mod__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 110 """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """ 111 pass 112 113 def __mul__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 114 """ x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """ 115 pass 116 117 def __neg__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 118 """ x.__neg__() <==> -x """ 119 pass 120 121 @staticmethod # known case of __new__ 122 def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 123 """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ 124 pass 125 126 def __nonzero__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 127 """ x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """ 128 pass 129 130 def __oct__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 131 """ x.__oct__() <==> oct(x) """ 132 pass 133 134 def __or__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 135 """ x.__or__(y) <==> x|y """ 136 pass 137 138 def __pos__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 139 """ x.__pos__() <==> +x """ 140 pass 141 142 def __pow__(self, y, z=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 143 """ x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """ 144 pass 145 146 def __radd__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 147 """ x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """ 148 pass 149 150 def __rand__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 151 """ x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x """ 152 pass 153 154 def __rdivmod__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 155 """ x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """ 156 pass 157 158 def __rdiv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 159 """ x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """ 160 pass 161 162 def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 163 """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ 164 pass 165 166 def __rfloordiv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 167 """ x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """ 168 pass 169 170 def __rlshift__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 171 """ x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x """ 172 pass 173 174 def __rmod__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 175 """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """ 176 pass 177 178 def __rmul__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 179 """ x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """ 180 pass 181 182 def __ror__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 183 """ x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x """ 184 pass 185 186 def __rpow__(self, x, z=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 187 """ y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """ 188 pass 189 190 def __rrshift__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 191 """ x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x """ 192 pass 193 194 def __rshift__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 195 """ x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y """ 196 pass 197 198 def __rsub__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 199 """ x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """ 200 pass 201 202 def __rtruediv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 203 """ x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """ 204 pass 205 206 def __rxor__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 207 """ x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x """ 208 pass 209 210 def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 211 """ Returns size in memory, in bytes """ 212 pass 213 214 def __str__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 215 """ x.__str__() <==> str(x) """ 216 pass 217 218 def __sub__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 219 """ x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """ 220 pass 221 222 def __truediv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 223 """ x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """ 224 pass 225 226 def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 227 """ Truncating an Integral returns itself. """ 228 pass 229 230 def __xor__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 231 """ x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y """ 232 pass 233 234 denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 235 """the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms""" 236 237 imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 238 """the imaginary part of a complex number""" 239 240 numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 241 """the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms""" 242 243 real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 244 """the real part of a complex number""" 245 246 long
9.str内部功能介绍
1 class str(object): 2 """ 3 str(object='') -> str 4 str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str 5 6 Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or 7 errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer 8 that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler. 9 Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined) 10 or repr(object). 11 encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). 12 errors defaults to 'strict'. 13 """ 14 def capitalize(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 15 """ 16 S.capitalize() -> str 17 18 Return a capitalized version of S, i.e. make the first character 19 have upper case and the rest lower case. 20 """ 21 return "" 22 23 def casefold(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 24 """ 25 S.casefold() -> str 26 27 Return a version of S suitable for caseless comparisons. 28 """ 29 return "" 30 31 def center(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 32 """ 33 S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> str 34 35 Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is 36 done using the specified fill character (default is a space) 37 """ 38 return "" 39 40 def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 41 """ 42 S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 43 44 Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in 45 string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are 46 interpreted as in slice notation. 47 """ 48 return 0 49 50 def encode(self, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 51 """ 52 S.encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') -> bytes 53 54 Encode S using the codec registered for encoding. Default encoding 55 is 'utf-8'. errors may be given to set a different error 56 handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise 57 a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and 58 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with 59 codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors. 60 """ 61 return b"" 62 63 def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 64 """ 65 S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool 66 67 Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. 68 With optional start, test S beginning at that position. 69 With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. 70 suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try. 71 """ 72 return False 73 74 def expandtabs(self, tabsize=8): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 75 """ 76 S.expandtabs(tabsize=8) -> str 77 78 Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. 79 If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed. 80 """ 81 return "" 82 83 def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 84 """ 85 S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 86 87 Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, 88 such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional 89 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. 90 91 Return -1 on failure. 92 """ 93 return 0 94 95 def format(*args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format 96 """ 97 S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str 98 99 Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. 100 The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). 101 """ 102 pass 103 104 def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 105 """ 106 S.format_map(mapping) -> str 107 108 Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. 109 The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). 110 """ 111 return "" 112 113 def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 114 """ 115 S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 116 117 Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found. 118 """ 119 return 0 120 121 def isalnum(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 122 """ 123 S.isalnum() -> bool 124 125 Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric 126 and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. 127 """ 128 return False 129 130 def isalpha(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 131 """ 132 S.isalpha() -> bool 133 134 Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic 135 and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. 136 """ 137 return False 138 139 def isdecimal(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 140 """ 141 S.isdecimal() -> bool 142 143 Return True if there are only decimal characters in S, 144 False otherwise. 145 """ 146 return False 147 148 def isdigit(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 149 """ 150 S.isdigit() -> bool 151 152 Return True if all characters in S are digits 153 and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. 154 """ 155 return False 156 157 def isidentifier(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 158 """ 159 S.isidentifier() -> bool 160 161 Return True if S is a valid identifier according 162 to the language definition. 163 164 Use keyword.iskeyword() to test for reserved identifiers 165 such as "def" and "class". 166 """ 167 return False 168 169 def islower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 170 """ 171 S.islower() -> bool 172 173 Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is 174 at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. 175 """ 176 return False 177 178 def isnumeric(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 179 """ 180 S.isnumeric() -> bool 181 182 Return True if there are only numeric characters in S, 183 False otherwise. 184 """ 185 return False 186 187 def isprintable(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 188 """ 189 S.isprintable() -> bool 190 191 Return True if all characters in S are considered 192 printable in repr() or S is empty, False otherwise. 193 """ 194 return False 195 196 def isspace(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 197 """ 198 S.isspace() -> bool 199 200 Return True if all characters in S are whitespace 201 and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. 202 """ 203 return False 204 205 def istitle(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 206 """ 207 S.istitle() -> bool 208 209 Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one 210 character in S, i.e. upper- and titlecase characters may only 211 follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. 212 Return False otherwise. 213 """ 214 return False 215 216 def isupper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 217 """ 218 S.isupper() -> bool 219 220 Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is 221 at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. 222 """ 223 return False 224 225 def join(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 226 """ 227 S.join(iterable) -> str 228 229 Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the 230 iterable. The separator between elements is S. 231 """ 232 return "" 233 234 def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 235 """ 236 S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> str 237 238 Return S left-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is 239 done using the specified fill character (default is a space). 240 """ 241 return "" 242 243 def lower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 244 """ 245 S.lower() -> str 246 247 Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase. 248 """ 249 return "" 250 251 def lstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 252 """ 253 S.lstrip([chars]) -> str 254 255 Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed. 256 If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. 257 """ 258 return "" 259 260 def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 261 """ 262 Return a translation table usable for str.translate(). 263 264 If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode 265 ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. 266 Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. 267 If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and 268 in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the 269 character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it 270 must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result. 271 """ 272 pass 273 274 def partition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 275 """ 276 S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) 277 278 Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it, 279 the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not 280 found, return S and two empty strings. 281 """ 282 pass 283 284 def replace(self, old, new, count=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 285 """ 286 S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str 287 288 Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring 289 old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is 290 given, only the first count occurrences are replaced. 291 """ 292 return "" 293 294 def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 295 """ 296 S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 297 298 Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, 299 such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional 300 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. 301 302 Return -1 on failure. 303 """ 304 return 0 305 306 def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 307 """ 308 S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 309 310 Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found. 311 """ 312 return 0 313 314 def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 315 """ 316 S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> str 317 318 Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is 319 done using the specified fill character (default is a space). 320 """ 321 return "" 322 323 def rpartition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 324 """ 325 S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) 326 327 Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return 328 the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the 329 separator is not found, return two empty strings and S. 330 """ 331 pass 332 333 def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 334 """ 335 S.rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings 336 337 Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the 338 delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and 339 working to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit 340 splits are done. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string 341 is a separator. 342 """ 343 return [] 344 345 def rstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 346 """ 347 S.rstrip([chars]) -> str 348 349 Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed. 350 If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. 351 """ 352 return "" 353 354 def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 355 """ 356 S.split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings 357 358 Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the 359 delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit 360 splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any 361 whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are 362 removed from the result. 363 """ 364 return [] 365 366 def splitlines(self, keepends=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 367 """ 368 S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings 369 370 Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries. 371 Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends 372 is given and true. 373 """ 374 return [] 375 376 def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 377 """ 378 S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool 379 380 Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. 381 With optional start, test S beginning at that position. 382 With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. 383 prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try. 384 """ 385 return False 386 387 def strip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 388 """ 389 S.strip([chars]) -> str 390 391 Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing 392 whitespace removed. 393 If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. 394 """ 395 return "" 396 397 def swapcase(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 398 """ 399 S.swapcase() -> str 400 401 Return a copy of S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase 402 and vice versa. 403 """ 404 return "" 405 406 def title(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 407 """ 408 S.title() -> str 409 410 Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with title case 411 characters, all remaining cased characters have lower case. 412 """ 413 return "" 414 415 def translate(self, table): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 416 """ 417 S.translate(table) -> str 418 419 Return a copy of the string S in which each character has been mapped 420 through the given translation table. The table must implement 421 lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list, 422 mapping Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. If 423 this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. 424 Characters mapped to None are deleted. 425 """ 426 return "" 427 428 def upper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 429 """ 430 S.upper() -> str 431 432 Return a copy of S converted to uppercase. 433 """ 434 return "" 435 436 def zfill(self, width): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 437 """ 438 S.zfill(width) -> str 439 440 Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field 441 of the specified width. The string S is never truncated. 442 """ 443 return "" 444 445 def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 446 """ Return self+value. """ 447 pass 448 449 def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 450 """ Return key in self. """ 451 pass 452 453 def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 454 """ Return self==value. """ 455 pass 456 457 def __format__(self, format_spec): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 458 """ 459 S.__format__(format_spec) -> str 460 461 Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec. 462 """ 463 return "" 464 465 def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 466 """ Return getattr(self, name). """ 467 pass 468 469 def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 470 """ Return self[key]. """ 471 pass 472 473 def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 474 pass 475 476 def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 477 """ Return self>=value. """ 478 pass 479 480 def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 481 """ Return self>value. """ 482 pass 483 484 def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 485 """ Return hash(self). """ 486 pass 487 488 def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__ 489 """ 490 str(object='') -> str 491 str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str 492 493 Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or 494 errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer 495 that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler. 496 Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined) 497 or repr(object). 498 encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). 499 errors defaults to 'strict'. 500 # (copied from class doc) 501 """ 502 pass 503 504 def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 505 """ Implement iter(self). """ 506 pass 507 508 def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 509 """ Return len(self). """ 510 pass 511 512 def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 513 """ Return self<=value. """ 514 pass 515 516 def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 517 """ Return self<value. """ 518 pass 519 520 def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 521 """ Return self%value. """ 522 pass 523 524 def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 525 """ Return self*value.n """ 526 pass 527 528 @staticmethod # known case of __new__ 529 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 530 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ 531 pass 532 533 def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 534 """ Return self!=value. """ 535 pass 536 537 def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 538 """ Return repr(self). """ 539 pass 540 541 def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 542 """ Return value%self. """ 543 pass 544 545 def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 546 """ Return self*value. """ 547 pass 548 549 def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 550 """ S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """ 551 pass 552 553 def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 554 """ Return str(self). """ 555 pass
#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
"""
name = 'jack'
name = str('jack') #str类的__init__
print(type(name))
print(dir(name))
输出：
<class 'str'>
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'capitalize', 'casefold', 'center', 'count', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'format_map', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdecimal', 'isdigit', 'isidentifier', 'islower', 'isnumeric', 'isprintable', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'maketrans', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']
result = name.__contains__('jack')
print(result)
# 等于 result = 'jack' in name
# 输出：True
"""
# 字符串格式化在3.0里
# name = 'jack{0}'
# name.__format__("leon")
# print(name)
dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}
# dic['k1'] 取值__getitem__
name = 'jack'
a = name.capitalize()
print(a)
# 输出：Jack 即首字母大写
name = 'Jack'
a = name.casefold()
print(a)
# 输出：jack 即首字母小写
print("************welcome***********************")
print(8*'*') # 即8个星号
name = 'Jack'
b = name.center(20,'*')
print(b)
# 输出：********Jack********
name = 'asdkfjalsdfjaksd'
result = name.count('sd',0,10)
print(result) #查找起始位置,0和结束位置10 出现次数
# 输出：2
name = '李浩'
a = name.encode('gbk')
print(a)
# 输出：b'\xc0\xee\xba\xc6' 从unicode转gbk
name = 'lilei'
res = name.endswith('e',0,3) #大于等于0小于3 取1，2位置 i l
c = name.endswith('i')
print(res,c)
# 输出：False True
name = 'kkbbbsssk'
h = name.replace('k','j')
h = name.replace('s','j',2)
print(h)
name = """
aa
bb
cc
"""
resu = name.split('\n')
print(resu)
10.上下文管理解析
1 # with open('h.log') as f: 2 # f.write() 3 4 def show(): 5 print("123") 6 yield 7 print("456") 8 9 with show(): 10 print("999") 11 12 输出: 13 14 123 15 999 16 456
11.list内部功能介绍
#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- li = list([1,2,3]) libiao = list((1,2,3)) print(li,libiao) #两种相同 # append 向列表尾部添加元素 # copy 浅拷贝 # count 元素出现次数 # extend 合并列表或元组 li.extend([222,333]) # li.extend((222,333,)) 同上,记得在元组后加入一个逗号 print(li) # 输出：[1, 2, 3, 222, 333] # index 某个元素的索引 或下标 # insert 指定下标，插入元素 li.insert(0,'test') print(li) # 输出：[1, 2, 3, 222, 333] # pop 移除某一个元素，可以加index ret = li.pop(0) print(li) print(ret) #取出拿出去的值test a = [111,222,333,111] a.remove(111) print(a) #输出：[222, 333, 111]，去掉了第一个111 d = [333,22,11] print(d) d.reverse() # 列表反序，输出：[11, 22, 333] print(d) d = [55,22,11] d.sort() #排序反过来 print(d)
12.字典简单练习
#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}
dic = dict(k1='v1',k2='v2')
# clear 清空所有元素
# copy 浅拷贝
# fromkeys 3.0新加入，取到key,创建一个新字典
new = dic.fromkeys(['k1'],'v1')
new = dic.fromkeys(['k1','k2','k3'],'v1')
print(new)
# 输入：{'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v1', 'k3': 'v1'}
print(dic['k1'])
print(dic['k2'])
# print(dic['k3']) # KeyError: 'k3' 没有k3的值
print(dic.get('k1'))
print(dic.get('k2'))
print(dic.get('k3'))
print(dic.get('k3','jack')) #只有在key不存在的时候可以设置默认值jack
# 输出：
# v1
# v2
# None
print(dic.keys()) #输出：dict_keys(['k2', 'k1'])
print(dic.values()) #输出：dict_values(['v2', 'v1'])
print(dic.items()) #输出：dict_items([('k2', 'v2'), ('k1', 'v1')])
for k in dic.keys():
print(k)
# 输出：
# k2
# k1
for v in dic.values():
print(v)
# output:
# v2
# v1
for k,v in dic.items():
print(k,v)
# output:
# k2 v2
# k1 v1
# d = dic.pop('k1') #拿到key 1的值
# dic.popitem() #无序随机取值
# print(dic)
dic['k3'] = 123
dic.setdefault('k4')
print(dic)
# 输出：{'k2': 'v2', 'k4': None, 'k1': 'v1', 'k3': 123}
b = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}
b.update({'k2':123})
print(b)
# 输出：
# {'k2': 123, 'k1': 'v1'}
"""
练习题：
lib = [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,100]
将大于66的值放到字典的第一个key中，将小于66的放到第二个key中
即 ： {'k1':'>66','k2':'<66'}
"""
# 第一种实现：
lib = [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,100]
dict_all = {}
l1 = []
l2 = []
for i in lib:
if i > 66:
l1.append(i)
else:
l2.append(i)
dict_all['k1'] = l1
dict_all['k2'] = l2
print(dict_all)
# 第二种实现
dd = {}
lib = [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,100]
for i in lib:
if i > 66:
if "k1" in dd.keys():
dd['k1'].append(i)
else:
dd['k1'] = [i,]
else:
if "k2" in dd.keys():
dd['k2'].append(i)
else:
dd['k2'] = [i,]
print(dd)
胸怀天下，有容乃大
