JWT操作(.net)

1.JWT定义

JWT(Json Web Token)是一种用于双方之间传递安全信息的简洁的、URL安全的表述性声明规范。JWT作为一个开放的标准( RFC 7519 ),定义了一种简洁的,自包含的方法用于通信双方之间以Json对象的形式安全的传递信息。因为数字签名的存在,这些信息是可信的,JWT可以使用HMAC算法或者是RSA的公私秘钥对进行签名。

 

2.JWT的组成部分

(1)JWT一般由三段构成,用.号分隔开,第一段是header,第二段是payload,第三段是signature,

例如:eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiYWRtaW4iOnRydWV9.TJVA95OrM7E2cBab30RMHrHDcEfxjoYZgeFONFh7HgQ

具体各部分介绍可查看简书(http://www.jianshu.com/p/576dbf44b2ae)


3.Jwt.Net 使用

首先,需要先引入Jwt.Net,可通过nuget的方式添加:Install-Package JWT -Version 2.4.2(自己选择合适的版本)

(1)创建token,此处,我们只需要自定义payload和secrect密钥即可,可生成三段格式的字符串

 
var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
    { "claim1", 0 },
    { "claim2", "claim2-value" }
};
var secret = "GQDstcKsx0NHjPOuXOYg5MbeJ1XT0uFiwDVvVBrk";

IJwtAlgorithm algorithm = new HMACSHA256Algorithm();
IJsonSerializer serializer = new JsonNetSerializer();
IBase64UrlEncoder urlEncoder = new JwtBase64UrlEncoder();
IJwtEncoder encoder = new JwtEncoder(algorithm, serializer, urlEncoder);

var token = encoder.Encode(payload, secret);
Console.WriteLine(token);

 (2)token解密,可看到输出为{ "claim1": 0, "claim2": "claim2-value" },可以用json["claim1"],json["claim2"]的方式获取各个值,此处json为IDictionary<string,object>类型

 

var token = "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJjbGFpbTEiOjAsImNsYWltMiI6ImNsYWltMi12YWx1ZSJ9.8pwBI_HtXqI3UgQHQ_rDRnSQRxFL1SR8fbQoS-5kM5s";
var secret = "GQDstcKsx0NHjPOuXOYg5MbeJ1XT0uFiwDVvVBrk";
try
{
    IJsonSerializer serializer = new JsonNetSerializer();
    IDateTimeProvider provider = new UtcDateTimeProvider();
    IJwtValidator validator = new JwtValidator(serializer, provider);
    IBase64UrlEncoder urlEncoder = new JwtBase64UrlEncoder();
    IJwtDecoder decoder = new JwtDecoder(serializer, validator, urlEncoder);
    
    var json = decoder.Decode(token, secret, verify: true);
    Console.WriteLine(json);
}
catch (TokenExpiredException)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Token has expired");
}
catch (SignatureVerificationException)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Token has invalid signature");
}

 

(3)添加过期时间,过期时间即这个时间之后JWT不接受处理,时间的有效值为某一时刻和1970/1/1 00:00:00 相差的秒数

下面的例子是当前时间到1970/1/1 00:00:00 的秒数,即过期时间为当前时间。如果设置为当前时间+10秒,可添加secondsSinceEpoch=secondsSinceEpoch+10

 

IDateTimeProvider provider = new UtcDateTimeProvider();
var now = provider.GetNow();

var unixEpoch = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc); // or use JwtValidator.UnixEpoch
var secondsSinceEpoch = Math.Round((now - unixEpoch).TotalSeconds);

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
    { "exp", secondsSinceEpoch }
};
var secret = "GQDstcKsx0NHjPOuXOYg5MbeJ1XT0uFiwDVvVBrk";
var token = encoder.Encode(payload, secret);

var json = decoder.Decode(token, secret); // TokenExpiredException

 

(4)也可自定义json解析器,只要继承IJsonSerializer接口

 

public class CustomJsonSerializer : IJsonSerializer
{
    public string Serialize(object obj)
    {
        // Implement using favorite JSON Serializer
    }

    public T Deserialize<T>(string json)
    {
        // Implement using favorite JSON Serializer
    }
}

 

使用该解析器

IJwtAlgorithm algorithm = new HMACSHA256Algorithm();
IJsonSerializer serializer = new CustomJsonSerializer();
IBase64UrlEncoder urlEncoder = new JwtBase64UrlEncoder();
IJwtEncoder encoder = new JwtEncoder(algorithm, serializer, urlEncoder);

  

 

 

参考:

简书:http://www.jianshu.com/p/576dbf44b2ae

Github:https://github.com/jwt-dotnet/jwt

 

 
posted @ 2017-06-05 10:49  ldybyz  阅读(7408)  评论(5编辑  收藏  举报