Linux 安装 MySQL / MySQL 主从备份
!! 假定所有安装包均在 /share目录，安装目录为 /opt !!
$ ll /share
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 129041873 Nov 29 21:06 mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
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========================= 安装 MySQL =========================
==============================================================
0、卸载自带 MSQL
rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-5.0.77-4.el5_4.2
rpm -e mysql-5.0.77-4.el5_4.2 dovecot-1.0.7-7.el5.i386
1、解压文件
$ groupadd mysql
$ useradd -g mysql mysql
$ cd /share
$ tar zxf mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
$ mv mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23 /opt
$ cd /opt
$ ln -s mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23 mysql
$ chown -R mysql.mysql mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23
$ cp mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf mysql/my.cnf
$ cp mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
2、修改配置
$ vi /opt/mysql/my.cnf (参考下面配置)
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
basedir= /opt/mysql
#skip-locking
skip-external-locking
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_connections=500
$ vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql (参考下面配置)
basedir=/opt/mysql
datadir=$basdir/data
3、创建数据库
$ cd /opt/mysql
$ ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
4、创建 mysql 服务
$ chkconfig --add mysql
$ chkconfig --level 23456 mysql on
5、初始化数据库
$ service mysql start
$ cd /opt/mysql
$ ./bin/mysql_secure_installation
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下载 service 脚本：services/mysql
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==============================================================
========================= MySQL 主从备份 =========================
==============================================================
主机 IP: 192.168.1.101 (db-server-1)
从机 IP: 192.168.1.110 (db-server-2)
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需要备份的数据库: db1、db2
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!!! 假设 MySQL 默认 RPM 安装 !!!
配置文件: /etc/my.cnf
安装目录: /usr/
数据库目录: /var/lib/mysql/
启动开关: service mysql {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}
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准备工作: 主机和从机个开启两个终端：
A、主1终端、从1终端运行 mysql
$ /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
B、主2终端、从2终端执行 shell 命令
(首先打开 mysql 日志)
(主2终端) $ tail -f /var/lib/mysql/db-server-1.err &
(从2终端) $ tail -f /var/lib/mysql/db-server-2.err &
----------------------------------------------------------
1、(主2终端) 编辑主机 MSQL 配置文件
$ vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id = 1
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
binlog-do-db = db1
binlog-do-db = db2
binlog-ignore-db = test
binlog-ignore-db = mysql
binlog-ignore-db = information_schema
$ service mysql restart
2、(主1终端) 主机 MySQL 建立备份用户 (backup / mypass)
msyql> GRANT FILE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, SUPER, RELOAD ON *.* TO backup@'192.168.1.110'IDENTIFIED by 'mypass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
(完成后可以在从机上做链接测试 [ 从2终端上输入命令: /usr/bin/mysql -h192.168.1.101 -ubackup -p ]，如果不能连通请检查主机防火墙或主机 MySQL 端口)
3、(主1终端) 锁定主机数据库表
msyql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
4、(主1终端) 查看主机 Master 状态
mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000033 | 458 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
5、(主2终端) 备份主机数据库
$ cd /var/lib/mysql
$ tar zcvf db_backup.tar ibdata* ib_logfile* db1/ db2/
$ mv db_backup.tar /tmp
6、(从2终端) 从机导入主机数据库
$ service mysql stop
$ cd /var/lib/mysql
$ rm -f ibdata* ib_logfile* mysql-bin.* master.info relay-log.info db1/ db2/
$ scp 192.168.1.101:/tmp/db_backup.tar .
$ tar zxvf db_backup.tar
$ chown -R mysql.mysql ibdata* ib_logfile* db1/ db2/
$ rm -f db_backup.tar
######################## 步骤 5/6 的另一种方法 (相对较慢) ########################
# 5、(主2终端) 备份主机数据库
# ------------------------------
# $ cd /tmp
# $ /usr/bin/mysqldump -uroot -pmypass --default-character-set=utf8 --opt --extended-insert=false --triggers --routines --hex-blob -x -q db1 > db1.sql
# $ /usr/bin/mysqldump -uroot -pmypass --default-character-set=utf8 --opt --extended-insert=false --triggers --routines --hex-blob -x -q db2 > db2.sql
# $ tar zcvf db_backup.tar db1.sql db2.sql
# 6、(从2终端) 导入主机数据库
# ------------------------------
# $ cd /tmp
# $ scp 192.168.1.101:/tmp/db_backup.tar .
# $ tar zxvf db.tar
# $ /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p
# Enter password:
# mysql> create database db1;
# mysql> use db1;
# mysql> source /tmp/db1.sql;
# mysql> create database db2;
# mysql> use db2;
# mysql> source /tmp/db2.sql;
# mysql> exit;
# $ rm -f db.tar db1.sql db2.sql
##################################################################################
7、(从2终端) 编辑从机 MySQL 配置文件
$ vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id = 2
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
replicate-do-db = db1
replicate-do-db = db2
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
relay-log = db-server-2-relay-bin
log-slave-updates
$ service mysql start
8、(从1终端) 设置备份点
mysql> slave stop;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.101', MASTER_PORT='3306', MASTER_USER='backup', MASTER_PASSWORD='mypass', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000033', MASTER_LOG_POS=458;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> slave start;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
9、解锁主机数据库表
msyql> UNLOCK TABLES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
10、其他工作
（删除主从机器的临时文件: db_backup.tar）
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=================== 配置 MySQL 互为主从备份 ==================
==============================================================
(假设已根据上面的步骤配置好 MySQL 主从备份)
1、(从2终端) 编辑从机 MSQL 配置文件
$ vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# 加入下面配置
binlog-do-db = db1
binlog-do-db = db2
binlog-ignore-db = test
binlog-ignore-db = mysql
binlog-ignore-db = information_schema
$ service mysql restart
2、(从1终端) 从机 MySQL 建立备份用户 (backup / mypass)
msyql> GRANT FILE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, SUPER, RELOAD ON *.* TO backup@'192.168.1.101'IDENTIFIED by 'mypass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
(完成后可以在主机上做链接测试 [ 主2终端上输入命令: /usr/bin/mysql -h192.168.1.110 -ubackup -p ]，如果不能连通请检查主机防火墙或主机 MySQL 端口)
3、(主2终端) 编辑主机 MySQL 配置文件
$ vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# 加入下面配置
replicate-do-db = db1
replicate-do-db = db2
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
relay-log = db-server-1-relay-bin
log-slave-updates
$ service mysql start
4、(主1终端) 设置备份点
mysql> slave stop;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.101', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='backup', MASTER_PASSWORD='mypass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> slave start;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
