Excel操作 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll的使用
Posted on 2012-06-17 22:18 单车男 阅读(34467) 评论(9) 编辑 收藏 举报先说说题外话，前段时间近一个月，我一直在做单据导入功能，其中就涉及到Excel操作，接触Excel后发现他的api说明并不多，好在网上有很多朋友贴出了一些代码，我在不断的挫折中吸取了很多教训，现共享出来，给大家参考。
1. 最好在客户端使用，不要在B/S服务端使用，因为会受到IIS权限和占用内存影响，多人并发操作必然完蛋
2. 需要引入两个DLL,Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll和office.dll,在加上项目的时候，会报错“类型“Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.ApplicationClass” 未定义构造函数无法嵌入互操作类型“Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.ApplicationClass”。请改用适用的接口。”，这时只需要将将引用的DLL：Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;的嵌入互操作类型改为false,就可以了
3. 注意Excel中sheetindex, rowindex,columnindex都是从1开始的
4. 理清Excel里面的对象（Application、Workbook、Worksheet、Range），其中Range包含行和列还有单元格，很多方法都是弱类型object，需要拆箱和装箱操作，循环读取效率并不高，所以我在读取大批量数据Excel时，采用的方式是将Excel调用另存为csv文件，再通过文本操作字符串的方式解析csv文件，读取每一行，实践证明，这样的效率比较高。解析csv文件在附件可以供大家下载
5. 客户端必须正确安装office2003或office2007，如果是安装的wps系列的，需卸载后再重新安装office
这里我贴出我封装Excel的操作类，希望能对大家有所帮助，欢迎大家指正：
/// <summary>
/// author by :ljun
/// Excel工具类，目前仅支持一个工作薄的操作
/// </summary>
public class ExcelHelper : IDisposable
{
#region 构造函数
/// <summary>
/// 构造函数，将一个已有Excel工作簿作为模板，并指定输出路径
/// </summary>
/// <param name="templetFilePath">Excel模板文件路径</param>
/// <param name="outputFilePath">输出Excel文件路径</param>
public ExcelHelper(string templetFilePath, string outputFilePath)
{
if (templetFilePath == null)
throw new Exception("Excel模板文件路径不能为空！");
if (outputFilePath == null)
throw new Exception("输出Excel文件路径不能为空！");
if (!File.Exists(templetFilePath))
throw new Exception("指定路径的Excel模板文件不存在！");
this.templetFile = templetFilePath;
this.outputFile = outputFilePath;
excelApp = new Excel.ApplicationClass();
excelApp.Visible = false;
excelApp.DisplayAlerts = false; //是否需要显示提示
excelApp.AlertBeforeOverwriting = false; //是否弹出提示覆盖
//打开模板文件，得到WorkBook对象
workBook = excelApp.Workbooks.Open(templetFile, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
//得到WorkSheet对象
workSheet = (Excel.Worksheet)workBook.Sheets.get_Item(1);
}
/// <summary>
/// 构造函数，新建一个工作簿
/// </summary>
public ExcelHelper()
{
excelApp = new Excel.ApplicationClass();
excelApp.Visible = false;
//设置禁止弹出保存和覆盖的询问提示框
excelApp.DisplayAlerts = false;
excelApp.AlertBeforeOverwriting = false;
//新建一个WorkBook
workBook = excelApp.Workbooks.Add(Type.Missing);
//得到WorkSheet对象
workSheet = (Excel.Worksheet)workBook.Sheets.get_Item(1);
}
#endregion
#region 私有变量
private string templetFile = null;
private string outputFile = null;
private object missing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;
private Excel.Application excelApp;
private Excel.Workbook workBook;
private Excel.Worksheet workSheet;
private Excel.Range range;
private Excel.Range range1;
private Excel.Range range2;
#endregion
#region 公共属性
/// <summary>
/// WorkSheet数量
/// </summary>
public int WorkSheetCount
{
get { return workBook.Sheets.Count; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Excel模板文件路径
/// </summary>
public string TempletFilePath
{
set { this.templetFile = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 输出Excel文件路径
/// </summary>
public string OutputFilePath
{
set { this.outputFile = value; }
}
#endregion
#region 批量写入Excel内容
/// <summary>
/// 将二维数组数据写入Excel文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="arr">二维数组</param>
/// <param name="top">行索引</param>
/// <param name="left">列索引</param>
public void ArrayToExcel(object[,] arr, int top, int left)
{
int rowCount = arr.GetLength(0); //二维数组行数（一维长度）
int colCount = arr.GetLength(1); //二维数据列数（二维长度）
range = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Cells[top, left];
range = range.get_Resize(rowCount, colCount);
range.FormulaArray = arr;
}
#endregion
#region 行操作
/// <summary>
/// 插行（在指定行上面插入指定数量行）
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rowIndex"></param>
/// <param name="count"></param>
public void InsertRows(int rowIndex, int count)
{
try
{
range = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Rows[rowIndex, this.missing];
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
range.Insert(Excel.XlDirection.xlDown, missing);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
this.KillExcelProcess(false);
throw e;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 复制行（在指定行下面复制指定数量行）
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rowIndex"></param>
/// <param name="count"></param>
public void CopyRows(int rowIndex, int count)
{
try
{
range1 = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Rows[rowIndex, this.missing];
for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++)
{
range2 = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Rows[rowIndex + i, this.missing];
range1.Copy(range2);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
this.KillExcelProcess(false);
throw e;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 删除行
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sheetIndex"></param>
/// <param name="rowIndex"></param>
/// <param name="count"></param>
public void DeleteRows(int rowIndex, int count)
{
try
{
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
range = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Rows[rowIndex, this.missing];
range.Delete(Excel.XlDirection.xlDown);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
this.KillExcelProcess(false);
throw e;
}
}
#endregion
#region 列操作
/// <summary>
/// 插列（在指定列右边插入指定数量列）
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnIndex"></param>
/// <param name="count"></param>
public void InsertColumns(int columnIndex, int count)
{
try
{
range = (Excel.Range)(workSheet.Columns[columnIndex, this.missing]); //注意：这里和VS的智能提示不一样，第一个参数是columnindex
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
range.Insert(Excel.XlDirection.xlDown, missing);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
this.KillExcelProcess(false);
throw e;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 删除列
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnIndex"></param>
/// <param name="count"></param>
public void DeleteColumns(int columnIndex, int count)
{
try
{
for (int i = columnIndex + count-1; i >= columnIndex; i--)
{
((Excel.Range)workSheet.Cells[1, i]).EntireColumn.Delete(0);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
this.KillExcelProcess(false);
throw e;
}
}
#endregion
#region 单元格操作
/// <summary>
/// 合并单元格，并赋值，对指定WorkSheet操作
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sheetIndex">WorkSheet索引</param>
/// <param name="beginRowIndex">开始行索引</param>
/// <param name="beginColumnIndex">开始列索引</param>
/// <param name="endRowIndex">结束行索引</param>
/// <param name="endColumnIndex">结束列索引</param>
/// <param name="text">合并后Range的值</param>
public void MergeCells(int beginRowIndex, int beginColumnIndex, int endRowIndex, int endColumnIndex, string text)
{
range = workSheet.get_Range(workSheet.Cells[beginRowIndex, beginColumnIndex], workSheet.Cells[endRowIndex, endColumnIndex]);
range.ClearContents(); //先把Range内容清除，合并才不会出错
range.MergeCells = true;
range.Value2 = text;
range.HorizontalAlignment = Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignCenter;
range.VerticalAlignment = Excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;
}
/// <summary>
/// 向单元格写入数据，对当前WorkSheet操作
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rowIndex">行索引</param>
/// <param name="columnIndex">列索引</param>
/// <param name="text">要写入的文本值</param>
public void SetCells(int rowIndex, int columnIndex, string text)
{
try
{
workSheet.Cells[rowIndex, columnIndex] = text;
}
catch
{
this.KillExcelProcess(false);
throw new Exception("向单元格[" + rowIndex + "," + columnIndex + "]写数据出错！");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 向单元格写入数据，对当前WorkSheet操作
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rowIndex">行索引</param>
/// <param name="columnIndex">列索引</param>
/// <param name="text">要写入的文本值</param>
public void SetCells(int rowIndex, int columnIndex, string text, string comment)
{
try
{
workSheet.Cells[rowIndex, columnIndex] = text;
SetCellComment(rowIndex, columnIndex, comment);
}
catch
{
this.KillExcelProcess(false);
throw new Exception("向单元格[" + rowIndex + "," + columnIndex + "]写数据出错！");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 向单元格写入数据，对当前WorkSheet操作
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rowIndex">行索引</param>
/// <param name="columnIndex">列索引</param>
/// <param name="text">要写入的文本值</param>
public void SetCellComment(int rowIndex, int columnIndex, string comment)
{
try
{
Excel.Range range = workSheet.Cells[rowIndex, columnIndex] as Excel.Range;
range.AddComment(comment);
}
catch
{
this.KillExcelProcess(false);
throw new Exception("向单元格[" + rowIndex + "," + columnIndex + "]写数据出错！");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 单元格背景色及填充方式
/// </summary>
/// <param name="startRow">起始行</param>
/// <param name="startColumn">起始列</param>
/// <param name="endRow">结束行</param>
/// <param name="endColumn">结束列</param>
/// <param name="color">颜色索引</param>
public void SetCellsBackColor(int startRow, int startColumn, int endRow, int endColumn, ColorIndex color)
{
Excel.Range range = excelApp.get_Range(excelApp.Cells[startRow, startColumn], excelApp.Cells[endRow, endColumn]);
range.Interior.ColorIndex = color;
}
#endregion
#region 保存文件
/// <summary>
/// 另存文件
/// </summary>
public void SaveAsFile()
{
if (this.outputFile == null)
throw new Exception("没有指定输出文件路径！");
try
{
workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw e;
}
finally
{
this.Quit();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 将Excel文件另存为指定格式
/// </summary>
/// <param name="format">HTML，CSV，TEXT，EXCEL，XML</param>
public void SaveAsFile(SaveAsFileFormat format)
{
if (this.outputFile == null)
throw new Exception("没有指定输出文件路径！");
try
{
switch (format)
{
case SaveAsFileFormat.HTML:
{
workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, Excel.XlFileFormat.xlHtml, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing);
break;
}
case SaveAsFileFormat.CSV:
{
workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, Excel.XlFileFormat.xlCSV, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing);
break;
}
case SaveAsFileFormat.TEXT:
{
workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, Excel.XlFileFormat.xlUnicodeText, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing);
break;
}
case SaveAsFileFormat.XML:
{
workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, Excel.XlFileFormat.xlXMLSpreadsheet, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange,
Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
break;
}
default:
{
workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing);
break;
}
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw e;
}
finally
{
this.Quit();
}
}
#endregion
#region 杀进程释放资源
/// <summary>
/// 结束Excel进程
/// </summary>
public void KillExcelProcess(bool bAll)
{
if (bAll)
{
KillAllExcelProcess();
}
else
{
KillSpecialExcel();
}
}
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern int GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out int lpdwProcessId);
/// <summary>
/// 杀特殊进程的Excel
/// </summary>
public void KillSpecialExcel()
{
try
{
if (excelApp != null)
{
int lpdwProcessId;
GetWindowThreadProcessId((IntPtr)excelApp.Hwnd, out lpdwProcessId);
if (lpdwProcessId > 0) //c-s方式
{
System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessById(lpdwProcessId).Kill();
}
else
{
Quit();
}
}
}
catch { }
}
/// <summary>
/// 释放资源
/// </summary>
public void Quit()
{
if (workBook != null)
workBook.Close(null, null, null);
if (excelApp != null)
{
excelApp.Workbooks.Close();
excelApp.Quit();
}
if (range != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(range);
range = null;
}
if (range1 != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(range1);
range1 = null;
}
if (range2 != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(range2);
range2 = null;
}
if (workSheet != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workSheet);
workSheet = null;
}
if (workBook != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workBook);
workBook = null;
}
if (excelApp != null)
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excelApp);
excelApp = null;
}
GC.Collect();
}
/// <summary>
/// 接口方法 释放资源
/// </summary>
public void Dispose()
{
Quit();
}
#endregion
#region 静态方法
/// <summary>
/// 杀Excel进程
/// </summary>
public static void KillAllExcelProcess()
{
Process[] myProcesses;
myProcesses = Process.GetProcessesByName("Excel");
//得不到Excel进程ID，暂时只能判断进程启动时间
foreach (Process myProcess in myProcesses)
{
myProcess.Kill();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 打开相应的excel
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filepath"></param>
public static void OpenExcel(string filepath)
{
Excel.Application xlsApp = new Excel.Application();
xlsApp.Workbooks.Open(filepath);
xlsApp.Visible = true;
}
#endregion
}
/// <summary>
/// 常用颜色定义,对就Excel中颜色名
/// </summary>
public enum ColorIndex
{
无色 = -4142,
自动 = -4105,
黑色 = 1,
褐色 = 53,
橄榄 = 52,
深绿 = 51,
深青 = 49,
深蓝 = 11,
靛蓝 = 55,
灰色80 = 56,
深红 = 9,
橙色 = 46,
深黄 = 12,
绿色 = 10,
青色 = 14,
蓝色 = 5,
蓝灰 = 47,
灰色50 = 16,
红色 = 3,
浅橙色 = 45,
酸橙色 = 43,
海绿 = 50,
水绿色 = 42,
浅蓝 = 41,
紫罗兰 = 13,
灰色40 = 48,
粉红 = 7,
金色 = 44,
黄色 = 6,
鲜绿 = 4,
青绿 = 8,
天蓝 = 33,
梅红 = 54,
灰色25 = 15,
玫瑰红 = 38,
茶色 = 40,
浅黄 = 36,
浅绿 = 35,
浅青绿 = 34,
淡蓝 = 37,
淡紫 = 39,
白色 = 2
}
/// <summary>
/// HTML，CSV，TEXT，EXCEL，XML
/// </summary>
public enum SaveAsFileFormat
{
HTML,
CSV,
TEXT,
EXCEL,
XML
}
同时分享调用方，我用的WinForm给大家写得示例，以下是窗口截图：
有兴趣的朋友可以 下载附件
