22 序列化

序列化
一.pickle
    以bytes 形式操作
    pickle.dumps(obj)  #打碎   得到了btyes 类型
    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(obj))  #转化对象（该对象的类必须存在）

    f=open("filename","ab")
    pickle.dump(obj,f)  #往文件中一个一个存对象

    f=open("filename","rb")
    pickle.load(f)  #一个一个获取对象

import pickle
class Cat:
    def __init__(self,name,color):
        self.name=name
        self.color=color
    def chi(self):
        print("%s会吃老鼠"%self.name)

# c1=Cat("汪峰1","黑色")
# c2=Cat("汪峰2","黑色")
# c3=Cat("汪峰3","黑色")
# c4=Cat("汪峰4","黑色")
# bs=pickle.dumps(c)
# print(bs)
# cc=pickle.loads(bs)
# cc.chi()
# print(cc.name)
# print(cc.color)

# pickle.dump(c1,open("cat.dat","wb"))  #将对象以bytes类型写入到文件
# b=pickle.load(open("cat.dat","rb")) #将文件的内容读取
# print(b.name)
# b.chi()
# lst=[c1,c2,c3,c4]
# pickle.dump(lst,open('cat.dat',"wb"))
lst=pickle.load(open('cat.dat',"rb"))
for cat in lst:
    cat.chi()

二.shelve  相当文件字典
    注意点：
        1.d=shelve("filename")  #filename 要存入的文件名
         d['name']="deng" #设置属性
         d.close()

        2.如何要修改下一层字典中的属性的话，需要：
            d=shelve("filename",writeback=True) # writeback=True 表示回写
            d["liu"]={'wf':"zhang","age":23} #设置熟悉
            d["liu"]["wf"]="tao" #修改内层字典的属性

import shelve

# d = shelve.open("sylar") # 文件类型的字典
# d['wf'] = "汪峰"
# d.close()
#
# d = shelve.open("sylar")
# print(d['wf'])
# d.close()

# d = shelve.open("sylar") # 文件类型的字典
# d['wf'] = {"name":"汪峰", "age": 18, "wife":{"name":"章子怡", "hobby":"拍电影"}}
# d.close()

# d = shelve.open("sylar", writeback=True) # 文件类型的字典 wirteback把修改的内容自动的回写到文件中
# d['wf']['wife']['hobby'] = "当导师" #　改
# d.close()

# d = shelve.open("sylar") # 文件类型的字典
# print(d['wf'])
# d.close()


d = shelve.open("sylar")
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, v)
print(type(d))

三.configparser   操作ini 文件

import configparser  #配置文件
# con=configparser.ConfigParser()  #创建对象
# con["DEFAULT"]={
#     "name":"腾讯木马",
#     "time":'腾讯更新时间',
#     "version":"1.0"
# }
# con["SERVER_1"]={
#     "IP":"192.168.1.123",
#     "port":"10068"
# }
# con["SERVER_2"]={
#     "IP":"192.168.1.134",
#     "port":"10078"
# }
# con["SERVER_3"]={
#     "IP":"192.168.1.127",
#     "port":"10069"
# }
# #写入到文件
# con.write(open("qq.ini","w",encoding="utf-8"))


#读取文件中的内容
con=configparser.ConfigParser() #创对象
con.read("qq.ini",encoding="utf-8")
# print(con["SERVER_1"])
# print(con["SERVER_1"]["name"])
# for el in con["SERVER_1"]:
#     print(el)
#
print(con.options("SERVER_1")) #列表的形式返回该章节下的所有key 包括第一个对象默认的key

#增删改

#增加章节
con.add_section("SERVER_4")
con["SERVER_4"]={
    "IP":"196.168.11",
    "port":"10234"
}

#修改
con.set("SERVER_1","IP","192.168.100000")
print(con["SERVER_1"]["IP"])

#删除章节
con.remove_section("SERVER_3")

#删除元素
con.remove_option("SERVER_2","port")

#写回文件
con.write(open("qq.ini","w",encoding="utf-8"))

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser() # 创建对象

config['DEFAULT'] = {  # 特殊
    "name":"腾讯qq木马",
    "time":"qq更新时间",
    "version":"1.0"
}
config['SERVER_1'] = {
    "IP":"192.168.1.123",
    "port":"12306"
}
config['SERVER_2'] = {
    "IP":"192.168.1.178",
    "port":"12311"
}
config['SERVER_3'] = {
    "IP":"192.168.1.176",
    "port":"12312"
}

# 写入到文件
config.write(open("qq.ini", mode="w", encoding="utf-8")) #操作ini 文件
#
#
# # 读取内容
# config = configparser.ConfigParser()
# # 读取内容
# config.read("qq.ini", encoding="utf-8") # 此时我们把文件中的内容读取到config
# print(config['SERVER_1']['IP']) # 字典
# print(config['SERVER_2']['name'])
# print(config.get("SERVER_3", "IP")) # 字典
#
# for k, v in config['DEFAULT'].items():
#     print(k, v)

# config = configparser.ConfigParser()
# # 读取内容
# config.read("qq.ini", encoding="utf-8") # 此时我们把文件中的内容读取到config
# config['SERVER_1']['NAME'] = "哈哈哈"
# config.write(open("qq.ini", mode="w", encoding="utf-8"))

四.json
  1.
    json.dumps(dic,ensure_ascii=False)  #ensure_ascii  默认ascii,显示中文需要 设置为false
    json.loads(json字符串）   将json字符串转化为字典

    对象转化成json字符串 两种方式
    class Person:
        def __init__(self,name,age):
            self.name=name
            self.age=age
    p=Person("刘德华"，23）

    将对象 p 转化成json
    方案一：
    s=json.dumps(p.__dict__)

    方案二：
    def func(obj):  #自定义 函数得到所需要的字符串字典格式 ，穿
        return {"name":obj.name,"age":obj.age}
    s=json.dumps(p,default=func,ensure_ascii=False)

    将json对象还原回对象
    s='{"name": "刘能", "age": 12}'
    def func(dic):
        return Person(dic["name"],dic["age"])

    p=json.loads(s,object_hook=func)

  2.json 写文件，读文件相关
    1.写入文件：
    dic={"name":"汪峰","age":123,"hobby":{"体育":'a','书':"射雕"}}
    f=open("userinfo","w",encoding="utf-8")
    json.dump(dic,f,ensure_ascii=Flase,indent=4)  #写入文件，indent缩进为4个字符

    2.文件中读取
    f=open("userinfo","r",encoding="utf-8")
    dic=json.load(f)

  3.重点：(用的最多）
    1.字典以json字符串的格式，循环一行一行写入文件
    lst=[dic1,dic2,dic3]
    for dic in lst:
        s=json.dumps(dic,ensure_ascii=False)
        f.write(s+"\n")
    2.for line in f:   一行行读取文件，得到dic=json.loads（line.strip())

import  json

# # 准备一个字典
# dic = {"a": "小萝莉", "b": "大萝莉", "c": "猥琐大叔", "d": False, "e": None}
# #　python中可以直接把字典或者列表转化成json
# s = json.dumps(dic, ensure_ascii=False)  # pickle
# print(type(s))
# print(s)

# s = '{"a": "小萝莉", "b": "大萝莉", "c": "猥琐大叔", "d": false, "e": null}'
# d = json.loads(s) # 把json转化成字典
# print(d)
# print(type(d))



# dic = {"a": "小萝莉", "b": "大萝莉", "c": "猥琐大叔", "d": False, "e": None, "wf":{"name":"半壁江山", "hobby":"皮裤"}}
# f = open("sylar.json", mode="w", encoding="utf-8")
# json.dump(dic, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4) # 4个空格 = 1个tab
#
# f = open("sylar.json", mode="r", encoding="utf-8")
# d = json.load(f)
# print(d)

# class Person:
#     def __init__(self, firstName, lastName):
#         self.firstName = firstName
#         self.lastName = lastName
#
# s = '{"firstName": "尼古拉斯", "lastName": "刘能"}'
# def func(dic):
#     return Person(dic['firstName'], dic["lastName"])
#
# p = json.loads(s, object_hook=func) # 通过函数func把字典转换回对象
# print(p.firstName, p.lastName)


# p = Person("尼古拉斯", "刘能")
# 把对象转换成json
# s = json.dumps(p.__dict__, ensure_ascii=False) # 方案一, 转的是字典
# def func(obj):
#     return {
#         "firstName": obj.firstName,
#         "lastName": obj.lastName
#     }
# s = json.dumps(p, default=func, ensure_ascii=False) # 方案二 转化的也是字典
# print(s)

dic1 = {"name":'毒液', "评分": "0.9"}
dic2 = {"name":'与神同行', "评分": "10"}
dic3 = {"name":'看不见的客人', "评分": "9.5"}

# lst = [dic1, dic2, dic3]
# f = open("movie.json", mode="w", encoding="utf-8")
# for d in lst:
#     s = json.dumps(d, ensure_ascii=False)
#     f.write(s+"\n")

# f = open("movie.json", mode="r", encoding="utf-8")
# dic1 = json.load(f) # 当json文件中保存多个json的时候不能一次性全部都读取出来
# print(dic1)

f = open("movie.json", mode="r", encoding="utf-8")
for line in f:
    line = line.strip()
    if line == "":
        continue
    else:
        d = json.loads(line) # 一行一行的处理
        print(d)