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面试题6:查找某数在链表中的位置

2016-03-27 22:57  Keiven_LY  阅读(1491)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

基本思路:声明一个结点p指向链表头结点,然后用p遍历链表,当p->data与要查询的数据相等时,返回其位置即可。

功能函数:

/*     查找指定元素所在位置    */
int LocateElem(Node *head, int elem)
{
    Node *p = head; //声明一个结点p,指向头结点
    int i = 0;
    Node *q = p->next;
    while(q)
    {
        i++;
        if(q->data == elem)
            return i;
        q=q->next;
    }
    return 0;

}

完整可执行程序:

#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h> 
#include<time.h>

using namespace std;

typedef struct node
{
    int data;
    struct node *next;
}Node;

/*     创建含有n个结点的单链表    */
Node *CreateListHead(int n) 
{
    Node *head;
    head=(Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); /*创建头结点*/
    Node *q = head;

    /* 初始化随机数种子 */
    srand(time(0));  //srand函数在stdlib.h头文件中,time函数在time.h头文件中

    for(int i=0; i < n; i++)
    {
        Node *p = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
        p->data = rand()%100+1;  //随机生成100以内的数字 
        p->next = q->next;
        q->next = p;
        q = p;
    }
    q->next = NULL;

    return head;
}

/*     在链表的pos位置插入元素elem    */
void InsertNode(Node *head, int pos, int elem)
{
    Node *p = head; //声明一个结点p,指向头结点

    int i = 1;

    while(p && i < pos)   //寻找插入的位置
    {
        p = p->next ;
        ++i;
    }

    if(!p || i > pos)
    {
        cout << "要插入的位置不存在" << endl;
    }

    Node *q = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
    q->data = elem;
    q->next = p->next;
    p->next = q;
}

/*     删除链表pos位置的元素    */
void DeleteNode(Node *head, int pos)
{
    Node *p = head; //声明一个结点p,指向头结点

    int i = 1;

    while(p->next && i < pos)   //寻找插入的位置
    {
        p = p->next;
        ++i;
    }

    if(!(p->next) || i > pos)
    {
        cout << "要删除的位置不存在" << endl;
    }
    Node *q = p->next;
    p->next = q->next;
    free(q);  // 让系统回收此结点,释放内存 
}

/*     获取指定位置的元素    */
int GetElem(Node *head, int pos)
{
    Node *p = head; //声明一个结点p,指向头结点

    int i = 0;

    while(p && i < pos)   
    {
        p = p->next;
        ++i;
    }

    if(!p || i > pos)
    {
        cout << "" << pos << "个元素不存在" << endl;
    }
    int getData = p->data;
    return getData;
}

/*     查找指定元素所在位置    */
int LocateElem(Node *head, int elem)
{
    Node *p = head; //声明一个结点p,指向头结点
    int i = 0;
    Node *q = p->next;
    while(q)
    {
        i++;
        if(q->data == elem)
            return i;
        q=q->next;
    }
    return 0;

}

/****打印单链表******/
void print(Node *head)
{
    Node *p;
    if(head->next==NULL)
    {
        cout << "The LinkList is Empty !" <<endl;
        return;
    }
    p=head->next;
    while(p!=NULL)
    {
        cout << p->data << " " ;
        p=p->next;
    }
}

int main()
{
    Node *SingleLinkList = NULL;
    int length;

    cout << "Please input the length of LinkList: " <<endl;
    cin >> length;
    SingleLinkList = CreateListHead(length);
    cout << "The new created LinkList as below: " <<endl;
    print(SingleLinkList);
    cout << endl;

    int position_insert, position_delete,position_get,element;
    int data;


    cout << "请输入要插入的元素及其插入位置: " <<endl;
    cin >> data >> position_insert;
    InsertNode(SingleLinkList, position_insert, data);
    cout << "插入新元素后的链表如下: " <<endl;
    print(SingleLinkList);
    cout << endl;

    cout << "请输入要删除元素的位置: " <<endl;
    cin >> position_delete;
    DeleteNode(SingleLinkList, position_delete);
    cout << "删除" << position_delete <<"位置的元素后,链表如下: " <<endl;
    print(SingleLinkList);
    cout << endl;

    cout << "请输入要获取元素的位置: " <<endl;
    cin >> position_get;
    cout << "链表第" << position_get << "个元素为:" << GetElem(SingleLinkList, position_get) <<endl;

    cout << "输入要查找的元素: " <<endl;
    cin >> element;
    cout << "元素" << element << "是链表的第" << LocateElem(SingleLinkList, element) << "个元素" << endl;

    system("pause");
    return 0;

}

运行结果: