MySQL备份还原——AutoMySQLBackup介绍

AutoMySQLBackup是一个开源的MySQL备份脚本。可以说它是一个轻量级的备份方案，AutoMySQLBackup的安装、配置非常简单、方便。AutoMySQLBackup的sourceforge上介绍有如它本身，也非常的简单:

Description

AutoMySQLBackup with a basic configuration will create Daily, Weekly and Monthly backups of one or more of your MySQL databases from one or more of your MySQL servers.

Other Features include:

- Email notification of backups (备份邮件通知)

- Backup Compression and Encryption（备份压缩与加密）

- Configurable backup rotation （配置备份保留周期）

- Incremental database backups （数据库增量备份）

 

下载地址

AutoMySQLBackup的下在地址为http://sourceforge.net/projects/automysqlbackup/ 。 目前最新版本为automysqlbackup-v3.0_rc6.tar.gz

 

安装配置

 

1：将下载的安装文件automysqlbackup-v3.0_rc6.tar.gz拷贝到/tmp目录下

 

2：将automysqlbackup-v3.0_rc6.tar.gz解压到新建的目录automysqlbackup下。如下所示，解压后总共有6个文件。

[root@DB-Server tmp]# tar -zxvf /tmp/automysqlbackup-v3.0_rc6.tar.gz  -C /tmp/automysqlbackup
automysqlbackup
automysqlbackup.conf
CHANGELOG
install.sh
README
LICENSE

automysqlbackup: AutoMySQLBackup的应用程序脚本

automysqlbackup.conf ： AutoMySQLBackup的配置文件范本

CHANGELOG： AutoMySQLBackup功能添加、Bug修复历史记录

install.sh： AutoMySQLBackup的安装脚本

README： AutoMySQLBackup的声明、安装、使用说明文档

建议在安装前看一下README文件，里面有介绍如何安装、配置automysqlbackup。AutoMySQLBackup提供了自动和手动安装配置两种功能（如下所示）

 

自动安装配置

 

1：运行脚本install.sh安装配置AutoMySQLBackup

[root@DB-Server tmp]# cd automysqlbackup
[root@DB-Server automysqlbackup]# ./install.sh
### Checking archive files for existence, readability and integrity.

automysqlbackup ... exists and is readable ... md5sum okay :)
automysqlbackup.conf ... exists and is readable ... md5sum okay :)
README ... exists and is readable ... md5sum okay :)
LICENSE ... exists and is readable ... md5sum okay :)

Select the global configuration directory [/etc/automysqlbackup]:
Select directory for the executable [/usr/local/bin]: /usr/bin
### Creating global configuration directory /etc/automysqlbackup:

success

### Copying files.


if you are running automysqlbackup under the same user as you run this install script,
you should be able to access it by running 'automysqlbackup' from the command line.
if not, you have to check if 'echo $PATH' has /usr/bin in it

Setup Complete!
[root@DB-Server automysqlbackup]#

如下所示，你会发现install.sh脚本将automysqlbackup.conf、 LICENSE、 README三个文件拷贝到/etc/automysqlbackup/目录下，并复制了

automysqlbackup.conf文件生成了myserver.conf

[root@DB-Server ~]# cd /etc/automysqlbackup/

[root@DB-Server automysqlbackup]# ls

automysqlbackup.conf LICENSE myserver.conf README

[root@DB-Server automysqlbackup]#

 

2：配置自己的AutoMySQLBackup的配置文件myserver.conf

 

默认情况下，这些AutoMySQLBackup的参数都是注释的，你需要取消注释，给予相关参数配置信息，例如使用那个账号做备份、账号密码、

# Username to access the MySQL server e.g. dbuser
CONFIG_mysql_dump_username='root'    --备份账号

# Password to access the MySQL server e.g. password
CONFIG_mysql_dump_password='123456'

# Host name (or IP address) of MySQL server e.g localhost
CONFIG_mysql_dump_host='localhost'

# "Friendly" host name of MySQL server to be used in email log
# if unset or empty (default) will use CONFIG_mysql_dump_host instead
#CONFIG_mysql_dump_host_friendly=''

# Backup directory location e.g /backups
CONFIG_backup_dir='/u03/mysqlbackup/'

....................................................

下面列出了部分主要的参数设置，具体可以参考automysqlbackup.conf 或 myserver.conf里面的参数的描述

参数设置	参数功能	样例
CONFIG_mysql_dump_username	备份时连接数据库的账号	CONFIG_mysql_dump_username='root'
CONFIG_mysql_dump_password	备份账号的密码	CONFIG_mysql_dump_password='******'
CONFIG_mysql_dump_host	备份服务器名称或IP，一般用'localhost'	CONFIG_mysql_dump_host='localhost'
CONFIG_mysql_dump_host_friendly	设置服务器别名，如果不设置或为空，则使用CONFIG_mysql_dump_host替换
CONFIG_backup_dir	数据库备份路径	CONFIG_backup_dir='/mysqldata/db_backup/mysqlbackup'
CONFIG_multicore	压缩数据时是否启用多核，具体参考文档解释
CONFIG_multicore_threads	多线程数量
CONFIG_db_names	要备份的数据库
CONFIG_db_month_names	要做月备份的数据库
CONFIG_table_exclude	备份时要排除那些表
CONFIG_db_exclude	备份时要排除那些db
CONFIG_do_monthly	在每个月的第几天做月备份
CONFIG_do_weekly	星期几做周备份
CONFIG_rotation_daily	日备的保留周期
CONFIG_rotation_weekly	周备的保留周期
CONFIG_rotation_monthly	月被的保留周期
CONFIG_mysql_dump_port	MySQL的端口号
CONFIG_mysql_dump_compression	备份文件采用的压缩格式	CONFIG_mysql_dump_compression='gzip'
CONFIG_mysql_dump_differential	是否做差异备份	CONFIG_mysql_dump_differential='yes'
CONFIG_encrypt	备份是否加密
CONFIG_encrypt_password	备份加密的密码

README里面关于配置参数的一个参考样本，一般参数设置应该根据具体情况也业务需求来合理设定。

Default configuration
CONFIG_configfile="/etc/automysqlbackup/automysqlbackup.conf"
CONFIG_backup_dir='/var/backup/db'
CONFIG_do_monthly="01"
CONFIG_do_weekly="5"
CONFIG_rotation_daily=6
CONFIG_rotation_weekly=35
CONFIG_rotation_monthly=150
CONFIG_mysql_dump_usessl='yes'
CONFIG_mysql_dump_username='root'
CONFIG_mysql_dump_password=''
CONFIG_mysql_dump_host='localhost'
CONFIG_mysql_dump_socket=''
CONFIG_mysql_dump_create_database='no'
CONFIG_mysql_dump_use_separate_dirs='yes'
CONFIG_mysql_dump_compression='gzip'
CONFIG_mysql_dump_commcomp='no'
CONFIG_mysql_dump_latest='no'
CONFIG_mysql_dump_max_allowed_packet=''
CONFIG_db_names=()
CONFIG_db_month_names=()
CONFIG_db_exclude=( 'information_schema' )
CONFIG_mailcontent='log'
CONFIG_mail_maxattsize=4000
CONFIG_mail_address='root'
CONFIG_encrypt='no'
CONFIG_encrypt_password='password0123'

3：运行备份脚本并检查备份

[root@DB-Server ~]# /usr/bin/automysqlbackup /etc/automysqlbackup/myserver.conf
Parsed config file "/etc/automysqlbackup/automysqlbackup.conf"

# Checking for permissions to write to folders:
base folder /u03 ... exists ... ok.
backup folder /u03/mysqlbackup/ ... exists ... writable? yes. Proceeding.
checking directory "/u03/mysqlbackup//daily" ... exists.
checking directory "/u03/mysqlbackup//weekly" ... exists.
checking directory "/u03/mysqlbackup//monthly" ... exists.
checking directory "/u03/mysqlbackup//latest" ... exists.
checking directory "/u03/mysqlbackup//tmp" ... exists.
checking directory "/u03/mysqlbackup//fullschema" ... exists.
checking directory "/u03/mysqlbackup//status" ... exists.

# Testing for installed programs
mysql ... found.
mysqldump ... found.
gzip ... found.

# Parsing databases ... done.
======================================================================
AutoMySQLBackup version 3.0
http://sourceforge.net/projects/automysqlbackup/

Backup of Database Server - localhost
Databases - mysql,performance_schema,test
Databases (monthly) - mysql,performance_schema,test
======================================================================
======================================================================
Dump full schema.

Rotating 4 month backups for

======================================================================

======================================================================
Dump status.

Rotating 4 month backups for

======================================================================

Backup Start Time Sat Jul 11 22:16:32 CST 2015
======================================================================
Daily Backup ...

Daily Backup of Database ( mysql )
Rotating 6 day backups for mysql
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Daily Backup of Database ( performance_schema )
Rotating 6 day backups for performance_schema
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Daily Backup of Database ( test )
Rotating 6 day backups for test
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Backup End Time Sat Jul 11 22:16:33 CST 2015
======================================================================
Total disk space used for backup storage...
Size - Location
750k /u03/mysqlbackup/

======================================================================

###### WARNING ######
Errors reported during AutoMySQLBackup execution.. Backup failed
Error log below..
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

检查备份目录，你会发现生成了daily、fullschema、 latest、 monthly、 status、 tmp、 weekly等目录，刚刚备份的文件位于daily目录下，如下所示

 

手动安装配置

AutoMySQLBackup也可以手动配置，在文档README里面有介绍如何手工配置，也非常的简单

1. Create the /etc/automysqlbackup directory.

2. Copy in the automysqlbackup.conf file.

3. Copy the automysqlbackup file to /usr/local/bin and make executable.

4. cp /etc/automysqlbackup/automysqlbackup.conf /etc/automysqlbackup/myserver.conf

5. Edit the /etc/automysqlbackup/myserver.conf file to customise your settings.

6. See usage section.

 

AutoMySQLBackup的使用

AutoMySQLBackup使用mutt发送邮件，它是linux下的一个email程序，由于我们一般都使用sendmail发送邮件，所以一般在配置文件里面不启用改参数。所以使用AutoMySQLBackup时，一般自己写shell脚本，调用AutoMySQLBackup来备份数据，如下所示automysqlbackup.sh

#REM backup script
#REM ----------------------------------------
#REM  Backup script for EEL Mysql
#REM  Tommy Wang -  08-14-2012
#REM  Kerry Kong -  07-12-2015 Modify this Script
#REM ----------------------------------------
#REM - USER DEFINED VARIABLES -
export DATESTAMP=`date '+%F'`

#REM - Logfiles -
export BACKUP_FULL_LOG=/mysqldata/db_backup/logs/auto_backup_$DATESTAMP.log

/usr/local/bin/automysqlbackup /etc/automysqlbackup/myserver.conf >>$BACKUP_FULL_LOG
chown mysql.mysql /mysqldata/db_backup -R >>$BACKUP_FULL_LOG
find  /mysqldata/db_backup -type f -exec chmod 400 {} \; >>$BACKUP_FULL_LOG
find  /mysqldata/db_backup -type d -exec chmod 700 {} \; >>$BACKUP_FULL_LOG

EMAILTMP=/mysqldata/db_backup/logs/auto_backup_db_$DATESTAMP.TMP

##################################### config email parameters ####################################
echo 'Content-Type: text/html' > $EMAILTMP
echo 'To: dba@xxxx.com' >> $EMAILTMP
echo 'Subject: Backup Status - The server xxxx  MYSQL (dump backup)' >> $EMAILTMP
echo '<pre style="font-family: courier; font-size: 9pt">' >> $EMAILTMP
#################################################################################################

echo "==============================================================================" >> $EMAILTMP
echo "======================== Daily Backup for Mysql Database =====================" >> $EMAILTMP
echo "==============================================================================" >> $EMAILTMP
echo " " >> $EMAILTMP

cat $BACKUP_FULL_LOG >> $EMAILTMP 2>&1
echo " " >> $EMAILTMP
echo "================================== End of Backup =============================" >> $EMAILTMP
echo "==============================================================================" >> $EMAILTMP

/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -f "BackupAdmin" < $EMAILTMP
rm $EMAILTMP

chown mysql.mysql $BACKUP_FULL_LOG

使用AutoMySQLBackup发送邮件时，会有下面告警提示，这个是因为我们将连接数据库的账号密码配置在配置文件中，这样非常不安全。如何去掉这个告警提示呢？ AutoMysqlBackup: Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. 这篇博客里面介绍了一种方法

找到automysqlbackup文件，找到removeIO，然后在其下面加上下面这段脚本后，你就不会收到告警信息。

[root@getlnx20 ~]# cd /usr/local/bin

[root@getlnx20 bin]# vi automysqlbackup

removeIO

Add this after removeIO:

# Remove annoying warning message since MySQL 5.6

if [[ -s "$log_errfile" ]]; then

sedtmpfile="/tmp/$(basename $0).$$.tmp"

grep -v "Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure." "$log_errfile" > $sedtmpfile

mv $sedtmpfile $log_errfile

fi

关于AutoMySQLBackup的介绍到这里，其实AutoMySQLBackup还有很多细节地方值得我们去学习、研究。限于篇幅，不在此一一赘述。