spring框架学习(二)依赖注入
转自:http://blog.csdn.net/lishuangzhe7047/article/details/20740835
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spring框架为我们提供了三种注入方式,分别是set注入,构造方法注入,接口注入。接口注入不作要求,下面介绍前两种方式。
1,set注入
采用属性的set方法进行初始化,就成为set注入。
1)给普通字符类型赋值。
- public class User{
- privateString username;
- publicString getUsername() {
- returnusername;
- }
- publicvoid setUsername(String username) {
- this.username= username;
- }
- }
public class User{ privateString username; publicString getUsername() { returnusername; } publicvoid setUsername(String username) { this.username= username; } }
我们只需要提供属性的set方法,然后去属性文件中去配置好让框架能够找到applicationContext.xml文件的beans标签。标签beans中添加bean标签, 指定id,class值,id值不做要求,class值为对象所在的完整路径。bean标签再添加property 标签,要求,name值与User类中对应的属性名称一致。value值就是我们要给User类中的username属性赋的值。
- <bean id="userAction"class="com.lsz.spring.action.User" >
- <SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre"> </SPAN><property name="username" value="admin"></property>
- </bean>
<bean id="userAction"class="com.lsz.spring.action.User" > <property name="username" value="admin"></property> </bean>
2)给对象赋值
同样提供对象的set方法
- public class User{
- private UserService userservice;
- public UserServicegetUserservice() {
- returnuser;
- }
- public void setUserservice(UserService userservice){
- this.userservice= userservice;
- }
- }
public class User{ private UserService userservice; public UserServicegetUserservice() { returnuser; } public void setUserservice(UserService userservice){ this.userservice= userservice; } }
配置文件中要增加UserService的bean标签声明及User对象对UserService引用。
- <!--对象的声明-->
- <bean id="userService" class="com.lsz.spring.service.UserService"></bean>
- <bean id="userAction"class="com.lsz.spring.action.User" >
- <property name="userservice" ref="userService"></property>
- </bean>
<!--对象的声明--> <bean id="userService" class="com.lsz.spring.service.UserService"></bean> <bean id="userAction"class="com.lsz.spring.action.User" > <property name="userservice" ref="userService"></property> </bean>
这样配置,框架就会将UserService对象注入到User类中。
3)给list集合赋值
同样提供set方法
- public class User{
- privateList<String> username;
- publicList<String> getUsername() {
- returnusername;
- }
- publicvoid setUsername(List<String> username) {
- this.username= username;
- }
- }
public class User{ privateList<String> username; publicList<String> getUsername() { returnusername; } publicvoid setUsername(List<String> username) { this.username= username; } }
- <bean id="userAction"class="com.lsz.spring.action.User" >
- <propertynamepropertyname="username">
- <list>
- <value>zhang,san</value>
- <value>lisi</value>
- <value>wangwu</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
<bean id="userAction"class="com.lsz.spring.action.User" > <propertyname="username"> <list> <value>zhang,san</value> <value>lisi</value> <value>wangwu</value> </list> </property> </bean>
4)给属性文件中的字段赋值
- public class User{
- privateProperties props ;
- publicProperties getProps() {
- returnprops;
- }
- publicvoid setProps(Properties props) {
- this.props= props;
- }
- }
public class User{ privateProperties props ; publicProperties getProps() { returnprops; } publicvoid setProps(Properties props) { this.props= props; } }
- <bean>
- <propertynamepropertyname="props">
- <props>
- <propkeypropkey="url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:orl</prop>
- <propkeypropkey="driverName">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</prop>
- <propkeypropkey="username">scott</prop>
- <propkeypropkey="password">tiger</prop>
- </props>
- </property>
- </bean>
<bean> <propertyname="props"> <props> <propkey="url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:orl</prop> <propkey="driverName">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</prop> <propkey="username">scott</prop> <propkey="password">tiger</prop> </props> </property> </bean>
<prop>标签中的key值是.properties属性文件中的名称
注意:
无论给什么赋值,配置文件中<property>标签的name属性值一定是和对象中名称一致。
2构造方法注入
1)构造方法一个参数
- public class User{
- privateString usercode;
- publicUser(String usercode) {
- this.usercode=usercode;
- }
- }
public class User{ privateString usercode; publicUser(String usercode) { this.usercode=usercode; } }
- <bean id="userAction"class="com.lsz.spring.action.User">
- <constructor-argvalueconstructor-argvalue="admin"></constructor-arg>
- </bean>
<bean id="userAction"class="com.lsz.spring.action.User"> <constructor-argvalue="admin"></constructor-arg> </bean>
2)构造函数有两个参数时
当参数为非字符串类型时,在配置文件中需要制定类型,如果不指定类型一律按照字符串类型赋值。
当参数类型不一致时,框架是按照字符串的类型进行查找的,因此需要在配置文件中制定是参数的位置
- <constructor-argvalueconstructor-argvalue="admin"index="0"></constructor-arg>
- <constructor-argvalueconstructor-argvalue="23" type="int"index="1"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-argvalue="admin"index="0"></constructor-arg> <constructor-argvalue="23" type="int"index="1"></constructor-arg>
这样制定,就是构造函数中,第一个参数为string类型,第二个参数为int类型