Maven环境下搭建SSH框架之Spring整合Struts2
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1.搭建环境
Struts2:2.5.10
Spring:4.3.8.RELEASE
注意:其他版本在某些特性的使用上可能稍微存在差别
2.准备工作
使用Eclipse或IDEA创建一个maven项目,本次SSH的框架搭建主要以注解方式实现为主。
3.Spring和Struts2整合
整合内容:此整合主要是将Struts2的Action的创建工作交由Spring进行统一管理,主要是使用Spring的控制反转和依赖注入功能。
3.1 首先引入Spring和Struts2的核心jar包,又因本项目是web项目,因此还需因为spring-web.jar包,以及Spring和Struts2整合所需的struts2-spring-plugin.jar。
struts2-spring-plugin.jar必须放在Spring依赖后面,原因可以参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/jinjiyese153/p/6972030.html
所以需要在pom.xml中引入四个jar包的依赖(这四个jar包的相关依赖maven会自动帮我们引入,所以不需我们配置)
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.ssh</groupId> <artifactId>SSH</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <!-- 统一源码的编码方式 --> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <!-- 统一各个框架版本 --> <struts.version>2.5.10</struts.version> <spring.version>4.3.8.RELEASE</spring.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- Junit依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Spring 核心依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring web依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Struts2 核心依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId> <version>${struts.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Struts2和Spring整合依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId> <version>${struts.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <!-- 统一源代码编译输出的JDK版本 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.5.1</version> <configuration> <source>1.7</source> <target>1.7</target> </configuration> </plugin> <!-- 打包时跳过单元测试 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.19.1</version> <configuration> <skipTests>true</skipTests> </configuration> </plugin> <!-- 集成Tomcat插件 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <configuration> <path>/${project.artifactId}</path> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
3.2 在web.xml中配置Struts2过滤器和Spring的监听器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- 配置Struts2过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 配置Spring的监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 指定Spring配置文件所在路径 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> </web-app>
3.3 创建一个测试页面index.jsp(新增商品界面)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>新增商品界面</title> </head> <body> <h1>新增商品</h1> <s:actionmessage/> <s:form action="product_save" method="post" namespace="/" theme="simple"> <table width="600px"> <tr> <th>商品名称</th> <td><s:textfield name="pname"/></td> <td><font color="red"><s:fielderror fieldName="pname"/></font></td> </tr> <tr> <th>商品价格</th> <td><s:textfield name="price"/></td> <td><font color="red"><s:fielderror fieldName="price"/></font></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"> <input type="submit" value="保存"/> </th> <th> </th> </tr> </table> </s:form> </body> </html>
3.4 创建商品的实体类(Product.java)
package org.ssh.product.model; public class Product { private int pid;// 商品ID private String pname;// 商品名称 private double price;// 商品价格 public int getPid() { return pid; } public void setPid(int pid) { this.pid = pid; } public String getPname() { return pname; } public void setPname(String pname) { this.pname = pname; } public double getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(double price) { this.price = price; } }
3.5 创建商品操作控制层(ProductAction.java)
package org.ssh.product.action; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; /** * 商品操作-控制层 * */ public class ProductAction extends ActionSupport { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private String pname; private double price; /** * 保存商品操作 * * @return */ public String saveProduct() { System.out.println(pname); this.addActionMessage("保存成功..."); return SUCCESS; } public String getPname() { return pname; } public void setPname(String pname) { this.pname = pname; } public double getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(double price) { this.price = price; } @Override public void validate() { if(pname == null || "".equals(pname.trim())) { this.addFieldError("pname", "商品名称不能为空"); } } }
3.6 创建struts.xml,并创建Struts2的资源文件messageResource.properties
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd"> <struts> <!-- 默认访问页面 --> <package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/"> <default-action-ref name="default"/> <action name="default"> <result>/WEB-INF/view/index.jsp</result> </action> </package> <!-- 商品相关请求转发 --> <!-- Struts2在2.5版本后添加strict-method-invocation(严格方法访问),默认为true,不能使用动态方法调用功能,故需设为false --> <package name="product" extends="struts-default" namespace="/" strict-method-invocation="false"> <!-- 保存商品 --> <action name="product_*" class="productAction" method="{1}Product"> <result>WEB-INF/view/index.jsp</result> <result name="input">WEB-INF/view/index.jsp</result> </action> </package> <!-- 引入资源文件 --> <constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="messageResource"></constant> </struts>
messageResource.properties
invalid.fieldvalue.price = \u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u8f93\u5165\u683c\u5f0f\u6709\u8bef
3.7 创建applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 开启包扫描,并注册注解 --> <context:component-scan base-package="org.ssh.*"/> </beans>
3.8 当开启包扫描后,需要给相应的类添加注解,所以ProdcutAction.java添加@Controller注解;此时Action已交由Spring进行管理。但是Struts2对Action的默认作用域是多实例的(prototype),而Spring默认Bean的作用域是单实例的,所以需设置Action的作用域为多实例的。两者区别可参考http://www.cnblogs.com/jinjiyese153/p/6970683.html
3.9 此时Action的创建应该交由Spring进行管理,所以将struts.xml中的class改为productAction(@Controller未指定名称,因此默认类名首字母小写)
3.10 启动项目,查看结果
1) 启动
2)数据正常
3)数据格式错误
至此,Spring和Struts2的整合完成。接下来要进行Spring和Hibernate的整合。