LeetCode 381. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) - Duplicates allowed (插入删除和获得随机数 常数时间 允许重复项)
Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time.
Note: Duplicate elements are allowed.
insert(val)
: Inserts an item val to the collection.remove(val)
: Removes an item val from the collection if present.getRandom
: Returns a random element from current collection of elements. The probability of each element being returned is linearly related to the number of same value the collection contains.
Example:
// Init an empty collection. RandomizedCollection collection = new RandomizedCollection(); // Inserts 1 to the collection. Returns true as the collection did not contain 1. collection.insert(1); // Inserts another 1 to the collection. Returns false as the collection contained 1. Collection now contains [1,1]. collection.insert(1); // Inserts 2 to the collection, returns true. Collection now contains [1,1,2]. collection.insert(2); // getRandom should return 1 with the probability 2/3, and returns 2 with the probability 1/3. collection.getRandom(); // Removes 1 from the collection, returns true. Collection now contains [1,2]. collection.remove(1); // getRandom should return 1 and 2 both equally likely. collection.getRandom();
题目标签:Array, Hash Table, Design
这道题目基于#380 的情况下,可以允许有重复项。回顾一下380, 因为要达到 insert, remove 和 getRandom 都是O(1) 的时间,我们需要ArrayList 来保存所有的数字,利用map 来保存 数字 和 index 之间的映射。
这道题目允许了重复项,那么在map 里 key 是数字, value 是index, 这里的index 就会不止一个了。我们要把所有重复的数字的 index 也保存进来, 所以把 map 里value 改成 HashSet 来保存所有的index。
insert val:如果map里没有val,需要新建一个HashSet,并且加入nums (ArrayList);
如果有val,直接加入新的index 进HashSet,并且加入nums (ArrayList);
remove val:如果val 在nums 里是最后一个的话,只需要在map 里删除val 的index, 并且在nums 里删除最后一个数字。
如果val 在nums 里不是最后一个的话,需要额外的把 nums 里最后一个数字的值 复制到 val, 删除val 在map里的 index,还要把最后一个数字的index 在map 里更新,并且在nums 里删除最后一个数字。
其他基本都和#380 差不多,具体看code。
Java Solution:
Runtime beats 88.45%
完成日期:09/18/2017
关键词:Array, Hash Table, Design
关键点:利用array 保存数值;利用map<Integer, HashSet<>>保存 - 数值 当作key,数值在array里的所有index 保存在HashSet,当作value。
1 class RandomizedCollection 2 { 3 private HashMap<Integer, HashSet<Integer>> map; // key is value, value is index HashSet 4 private ArrayList<Integer> nums; // store all vals 5 private java.util.Random rand = new java.util.Random(); 6 7 /** Initialize your data structure here. */ 8 public RandomizedCollection() 9 { 10 map = new HashMap<>(); 11 nums = new ArrayList<>(); 12 } 13 14 /** Inserts a value to the collection. Returns true if the collection did not already contain the specified element. */ 15 public boolean insert(int val) 16 { 17 boolean contain = map.containsKey(val); 18 19 // if map doesn't have val, meaning map doesn't have HashSet 20 if(!contain) 21 map.put(val, new HashSet<Integer>()); // create HashSet 22 23 // add index into HashSet 24 map.get(val).add(nums.size()); 25 nums.add(val); 26 27 return !contain; // if collection has val, return false; else return true 28 } 29 30 /** Removes a value from the collection. Returns true if the collection contained the specified element. */ 31 public boolean remove(int val) 32 { 33 boolean contain = map.containsKey(val); 34 if(!contain) 35 return false; 36 // get an index from HashSet of Map 37 int valIndex = map.get(val).iterator().next(); 38 map.get(val).remove(valIndex); // remove this index from val's set 39 40 if(valIndex != nums.size() - 1) // if this val is not the last one in nums 41 { 42 // copy the last one value into this val's position 43 int lastNum = nums.get(nums.size() - 1); 44 nums.set(valIndex, lastNum); 45 // update the lastNum index in HashSet 46 map.get(lastNum).remove(nums.size() - 1); // remove the last number's index from set 47 map.get(lastNum).add(valIndex); // add new index into set 48 } 49 50 if(map.get(val).isEmpty()) // if val's set is empty 51 map.remove(val); // remove val from map 52 53 nums.remove(nums.size() - 1); // only remove last one O(1) 54 55 return true; 56 } 57 58 /** Get a random element from the collection. */ 59 public int getRandom() 60 { 61 return nums.get(rand.nextInt(nums.size())); 62 } 63 } 64 65 /** 66 * Your RandomizedCollection object will be instantiated and called as such: 67 * RandomizedCollection obj = new RandomizedCollection(); 68 * boolean param_1 = obj.insert(val); 69 * boolean param_2 = obj.remove(val); 70 * int param_3 = obj.getRandom(); 71 */
参考资料:
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/53216/java-solution-using-a-hashmap-and-an-arraylist-along-with-a-follow-up-131-ms/5
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