LeetCode 79. Word Search(单词搜索)
Given a 2D board and a word, find if the word exists in the grid.
The word can be constructed from letters of sequentially adjacent cell, where "adjacent" cells are those horizontally or vertically neighboring. The same letter cell may not be used more than once.
For example,
Given board =
[ ['A','B','C','E'], ['S','F','C','S'], ['A','D','E','E'] ]word =
"ABCCED"
, -> returns true
,word =
"SEE"
, -> returns true
,word =
"ABCB"
, -> returns false
.
题目标签:Array
前两天都没有刷题,都在总结反省找工作失败的原因。因为现在租的房子也快到期了,就开始寻觅新的居所。突然之间,在昨天看完家附近的一个apartment之后,想到,既然也要搬家,为何不搬去一个更适合找工作,而且房租更便宜的地方呢! (主要还是因为穷!)回到家之后,调查研究一天,决定了!准备搬家到其他州,毕竟现在居住的地方(纽约长岛),不是非常适合new grad 找工作(主要是自己也不是大神,竞争不过别人)而且消费又高。巧的是,昨天虽然没刷题,但是上来看了一眼visits记录,发现居然有一个新的美国地区访问,就是我要去的地方(德州),这也算是缘分吧,闲话就扯到这里,开始继续说题。
这道题目给了我们一个矩阵,让我们找到矩阵中是否存在一个word,但是这个word是需要左右上下连起来的。换一种说法,就是在这个board上走path, 能不能找到这个word的path。一般题目做多了,这种要探究所有可能性的,特别是要倒退回来继续探索其他方向的,基本大多都是backtracking。那么我们要走path,首先要找到起点,先遍历board,把和word的第一个字母一样的都当作起点代入我们的递归function。我们要记录每一个点的position,所以要row 和col;我们要记录word中的character,所以要一个wordIndex;最重要的是,我们需要判断,哪些点我们已经走过了,所以要一个boolean markBoard[][];对于起点(每一个点),最基本的思路是,可以走四个方向,把那个方向的下一个点继续递归,只要有一条path 成功了,返回回来就可以直接return了,不需要继续把所有的pathes 都看完;对于每一个点,要检查base case 1, word 是否已经找到了 return true; 还要检查base case 2,这个点是否可以探索(比如这个点超出board范围了,它和word中的char不相等,它已经被探索过了), return false。
Java Solution:
Runtime beats 34.54%
完成日期:07/27/2017
关键词:Array
关键点:Braktracking;新矩阵记录探索过的点;每个点有4个方向可以探索
1 public class Solution 2 { 3 public boolean exist(char[][] board, String word) 4 { 5 if(board == null || board.length == 0 6 || board.length * board[0].length < word.length()) 7 return false; 8 9 boolean[][] mark = new boolean[board.length][board[0].length]; 10 boolean res = false; 11 // iterate board, find the match starting character to pass to findWord function 12 for(int i=0; i<board.length; i++) 13 { 14 for(int j=0; j<board[0].length; j++) 15 { 16 if(board[i][j] == word.charAt(0)) 17 res = res || findWord(board, word, 0, i, j, mark); 18 19 if(res) 20 return res; 21 } 22 } 23 24 return res; 25 } 26 27 public boolean findWord(char[][] board, String word, int wordIndex, 28 int row, int col, boolean[][] markBoard) 29 { 30 // base case 1: if exceed word's length, meaning it is done and found the word 31 if(wordIndex == word.length()) 32 return true; 33 34 /* base case 2: if this character is out of bound or 35 * this character is not match to word's character or 36 * hits character has been already visited 37 */ 38 if(row >= board.length || row < 0 || col >= board[0].length || col < 0 39 || word.charAt(wordIndex) != board[row][col] || markBoard[row][col]) 40 return false; 41 42 43 // mark this char as visited 44 markBoard[row][col] = true; 45 46 // follow top, right, bottom, left order to check character 47 // if any direction future path return true, meaning no need to continue other directions 48 if(findWord(board, word, wordIndex + 1, row - 1, col, markBoard) || // go top 49 findWord(board, word, wordIndex + 1, row, col + 1, markBoard) || // go right 50 findWord(board, word, wordIndex + 1, row + 1, col, markBoard) || // go bottom: 51 findWord(board, word, wordIndex + 1, row, col - 1, markBoard)) // go left: 52 { 53 return true; 54 } 55 56 markBoard[row][col] = false; // clear the mark of this character 57 58 // if this this character's all four directions path has failed, return false to last level 59 return false; 60 } 61 }
参考资料:N/A
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