android hook 框架 ADBI 如何实现dalvik函数挂钩
Android so注入-libinject2 简介、编译、运行
Android so注入-libinject2 如何实现so注入
Android so注入-Libinject 如何实现so注入
Android so注入挂钩-Adbi 框架简介、编译、运行
Android so注入挂钩-Adbi 框架如何实现so注入
Android so注入挂钩-Adbi 框架如何实现so函数挂钩
Android so注入挂钩-Adbi 框架如何实现dalvik函数挂钩
Android dalvik挂钩-Xposed框架如何实现注入
Android dalvik挂钩-Xposed框架如何实现挂钩
前面几篇分析已经能做到注入一个so到目标进程并用so里的函数挂钩目标进程的函数,如果对这个实现不了解,请返回去阅读 android hook 框架 ADBI 简介、编译、运行 、 android hook 框架 ADBI 如何实现so注入 、android hook 框架 ADBI 如何实现so函数挂钩, so函数的挂钩只能影响native世界,没有影响到java虚拟机内部,而android绝大部分逻辑都是跑在虚拟机内部的。所以这篇接着分析 adbi 剩下的部分代码,看它如何实现挂钩dalvik虚拟机内部函数,使得目标进程执行java函数时能执行到我们注入的 dex 文件里的函数,这部分代码在 adbi 项目的 ddi 目录下。
其中,dalvikhook目录存放具体的 dalvik 挂钩实现,examples 目录存放两个挂钩java函数的例子。我们使用第一个例子, smsdispatch 来分析这个过程。
一、 smsdispatch 例子主要是两个文件, smsdispatch.c 和 SMSDispatch.java , 前者编译成一个so,利用 android hook 框架 ADBI 如何实现so注入 的方法注入到目标进程,并执行挂钩操作。后者编译成一个dex 文件,smsdispatch.c 挂钩前会先加载这个Dex文件获取用来挂钩的函数。
void __attribute__ ((constructor)) my_init(void); void my_init(void) { log("libsmsdispatch: started\n") debug = 1; // set log function for libbase (very important!) set_logfunction(my_log2); // set log function for libdalvikhook (very important!) dalvikhook_set_logfunction(my_log2); hook(&eph, getpid(), "libc.", "epoll_wait", my_epoll_wait, 0); }
同前面的分析,my_init函数由于带有 __attribute__ ((constructor)) 修饰,smsdispatch.so 被目标进程加载后自动执行my_init, 该函数执行hook操作,挂钩目标进程的 libc.so 的 epoll_wait 函数。其实这里可以直接执行 dalvik 的挂钩的。
static int my_epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event *events, int maxevents, int timeout) { int (*orig_epoll_wait)(int epfd, struct epoll_event *events, int maxevents, int timeout); orig_epoll_wait = (void*)eph.orig; // remove hook for epoll_wait hook_precall(&eph); // resolve symbols from DVM dexstuff_resolv_dvm(&d); // hook dalvik_hook_setup(&dpdu, "Lcom/android/internal/telephony/SMSDispatcher;", "dispatchPdus", "([[B)V", 2, my_dispatch); dalvik_hook(&d, &dpdu); // call original function int res = orig_epoll_wait(epfd, events, maxevents, timeout); return res; }
目标进程epoll_wait被调用的时候,实际执行的是 my_epoll_wait , 这个函数与之前的例子相比,增加了 dexstuff_resolv_dvm、 dalvik_hook_setup、 dalvik_hook 三个函数,即执行了 dalvik的挂钩操作,被挂钩的是 com/android/internal/telephony/SMSDispatcher 类的 dispatchPdus 函数,挂成了 my_dispatch 函数。其实这几句可以直接放到 my_init 里,当so被注入时直接执行的。涉及到几个数据结构:
static struct dexstuff_t d; static struct dalvik_hook_t dpdu;
struct dalvik_hook_t { char clname[256]; char clnamep[256]; char method_name[256]; char method_sig[256]; Method *method; int sm; // static method // original values, saved before patching int iss; int rss; int oss; int access_flags; void *insns; // dalvik code // native values int n_iss; // == n_rss int n_rss; // num argument (+ 1, if non-static method) int n_oss; // 0 void *native_func; int af; // access flags modifier int resolvm; // for the call jclass cls; jmethodID mid; // debug stuff int dump; // call dvmDumpClass() while patching int debug_me; // print debug while operating on this method };
struct dalvik_hook_t 结构描述了一次dalvik hook操作需要记录的信息,包括被挂钩的java函数和用于挂钩的java 函数的信息。其中, Method *method; 成员指向被挂钩java函数的Method结构体,通过动态替换这个指针指向的结构体内部成员的值,可以影响该java函数(一个java函数其实就是一个 Method 结构体,包括真实执行的native 函数地址及其他描述信息)。
struct dexstuff_t { void *dvm_hand; dvmCreateStringFromCstr_func dvmStringFromCStr_fnPtr; dvmGetSystemClassLoader_func dvmGetSystemClassLoader_fnPtr; dvmThreadSelf_func dvmThreadSelf_fnPtr; dvmIsClassInitialized_func dvmIsClassInitialized_fnPtr; dvmInitClass_func dvmInitClass_fnPtr; dvmFindVirtualMethodHierByDescriptor_func dvmFindVirtualMethodHierByDescriptor_fnPtr; dvmFindDirectMethodByDescriptor_func dvmFindDirectMethodByDescriptor_fnPtr; dvmIsStaticMethod_func dvmIsStaticMethod_fnPtr; dvmAllocObject_func dvmAllocObject_fnPtr; dvmCallMethodV_func dvmCallMethodV_fnPtr; dvmCallMethodA_func dvmCallMethodA_fnPtr; dvmAddToReferenceTable_func dvmAddToReferenceTable_fnPtr; dvmDecodeIndirectRef_func dvmDecodeIndirectRef_fnPtr; dvmUseJNIBridge_func dvmUseJNIBridge_fnPtr; dvmFindInstanceField_func dvmFindInstanceField_fnPtr; dvmFindLoadedClass_func dvmFindLoadedClass_fnPtr; dvmDumpAllClasses_func dvmDumpAllClasses_fnPtr; dvmGetCurrentJNIMethod_func dvmGetCurrentJNIMethod_fnPtr; dvmLinearSetReadWrite_func dvmLinearSetReadWrite_fnPtr; dvmSetNativeFunc_func dvmSetNativeFunc_fnPtr; dvmCallJNIMethod_func dvmCallJNIMethod_fnPtr; dvmHashTableLock_func dvmHashTableLock_fnPtr; dvmHashTableUnlock_func dvmHashTableUnlock_fnPtr; dvmHashForeach_func dvmHashForeach_fnPtr; dvmDumpClass_func dvmDumpClass_fnPtr; dvmInstanceof_func dvmInstanceof_fnPtr; DalvikNativeMethod *dvm_dalvik_system_DexFile; DalvikNativeMethod *dvm_java_lang_Class; void *gDvm; // dvm globals ! int done; };
struct dexstuff_t 结构体包含了dalvik 虚拟机的重要的函数指针,这些函数指针的值从libdvm.so动态库里获取,有了这些指针,就可以在 native 环境里操纵java世界(比如加载类,生成对象,调用java函数,设置java类或函数属性等等),dexstuff_resolv_dvm 函数干的事情就是加载 libdvm.so 动态库并填充 dexstuff_t 结构体。
int dalvik_hook_setup(struct dalvik_hook_t *h, char *cls, char *meth, char *sig, int ns, void *func) { if (!h) return 0; strcpy(h->clname, cls); strncpy(h->clnamep, cls+1, strlen(cls)-2); strcpy(h->method_name, meth); strcpy(h->method_sig, sig); h->n_iss = ns; h->n_rss = ns; h->n_oss = 0; h->native_func = func; h->sm = 0; // set by hand if needed h->af = 0x0100; // native, modify by hand if needed h->resolvm = 0; // don't resolve method on-the-fly, change by hand if needed h->debug_me = 0; return 1; }
dalvik_hook_setup 做dalvik函数挂钩的准备工作,包括把目标类和目标函数的名字保存下来,把用于挂钩的native 函数的地址保存下来,设置 dalvik_hook_t 结构对象的初始值等。
int dalvik_hook_setup(struct dalvik_hook_t *h, char *cls, char *meth, char *sig, int ns, void *func) { strcpy(h->method_name, meth); strcpy(h->method_sig, sig); h->n_iss = ns; h->n_rss = ns; h->n_oss = 0; h->native_func = func; h->sm = 0; // set by hand if needed h->af = 0x0100; // native, modify by hand if needed h->resolvm = 0; // don't resolve method on-the-fly, change by hand if needed h->debug_me = 0; return 1; } { if (h->debug_me) log("dalvik_hook: class %s\n", h->clname) void *target_cls = dex->dvmFindLoadedClass_fnPtr(h->clname); if (h->debug_me) log("class = 0x%x\n", target_cls) // print class in logcat if (h->dump && dex && target_cls) dex->dvmDumpClass_fnPtr(target_cls, (void*)1); if (!target_cls) { if (h->debug_me) log("target_cls == 0\n") return (void*)0; } if (h->method == 0) { } // constrcutor workaround, see "dalvik_prepare" below if (!h->resolvm) { h->cls = target_cls; h->mid = (void*)h->method; } if (h->debug_me) log("%s(%s) = 0x%x\n", h->method_name, h->method_sig, h->method) if (h->method) { h->insns = h->method->insns; if (h->debug_me) { log("nativeFunc %x\n", h->method->nativeFunc) } h->iss = h->method->insSize; h->rss = h->method->registersSize; h->oss = h->method->outsSize; h->method->insSize = h->n_iss; h->method->registersSize = h->n_rss; h->method->outsSize = h->n_oss; if (h->debug_me) { log("shorty %s\n", h->method->shorty) log("name %s\n", h->method->name) log("arginfo %x\n", h->method->jniArgInfo) } h->method->jniArgInfo = 0x80000000; // <--- also important if (h->debug_me) { log("noref %c\n", h->method->noRef) log("access %x\n", h->method->a) } h->access_flags = h->method->a; h->method->a = h->method->a | h->af; // make method native if (h->debug_me) log("access %x\n", h->method->a) dex->dvmUseJNIBridge_fnPtr(h->method, h->native_func); if (h->debug_me) log("patched %s to: 0x%x\n", h->method_name, h->native_func) return (void*)1; } else { if (h->debug_me) log("could NOT patch %s\n", h->method_name) } return (void*)0; }
dalvik_hook 函数实现dalvik函数挂钩。分为几步:
step1, void *target_cls = dex->dvmFindLoadedClass_fnPtr(h->clname); 调用 dvmFindLoadedClass_fnPtr 函数获取目标类在虚拟机内部的指针,dvmFindLoadedClass_fnPtr这个函数是
dexstuff_resolv_dvm 获取的。
step2, h->method = dex->dvmFindVirtualMethodHierByDescriptor_fnPtr(target_cls, h->method_name, h->method_sig); 根据函数名获取目标dalvik函数对象指针
step3,
h->iss = h->method->insSize; h->rss = h->method->registersSize; h->oss = h->method->outsSize; h->method->insSize = h->n_iss; h->method->registersSize = h->n_rss; h->method->outsSize = h->n_oss;
保存目标Dalvik 函数寄存器环境,设置新的寄存器环境
step4,
h->method->jniArgInfo = 0x80000000; // <--- also important h->access_flags = h->method->a; h->method->a = h->method->a | h->af; // make method native dex->dvmUseJNIBridge_fnPtr(h->method, h->native_func);
设置目标函数对象类型 access_flags 为 native ,并通过 dvmUseJNIBridge_fnPtr 函数将挂钩函数 h->native_func 设置为目标dalvik 函数对象真正执行的函数。这一步之后,虚拟机内部执行到目标java函数时,就会调用到 native 函数 my_dispatch,挂钩已经完成。
static void my_dispatch(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jobjectArray pdu) { // load dex classes int cookie = dexstuff_loaddex(&d, "/data/local/tmp/ddiclasses.dex"); log("libsmsdispatch: loaddex res = %x\n", cookie) if (!cookie) log("libsmsdispatch: make sure /data/dalvik-cache/ is world writable and delete data@local@tmp@ddiclasses.dex\n") void *clazz = dexstuff_defineclass(&d, "org/mulliner/ddiexample/SMSDispatch", cookie); log("libsmsdispatch: clazz = 0x%x\n", clazz) // call constructor and passin the pdu jclass smsd = (*env)->FindClass(env, "org/mulliner/ddiexample/SMSDispatch"); jmethodID constructor = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, smsd, "<init>", "([[B)V"); if (constructor) { jvalue args[1]; args[0].l = pdu; jobject obj = (*env)->NewObjectA(env, smsd, constructor, args); log("libsmsdispatch: new obj = 0x%x\n", obj) if (!obj) log("libsmsdispatch: failed to create smsdispatch class, FATAL!\n") } else { log("libsmsdispatch: constructor not found!\n") } // call original SMS dispatch method jvalue args[1]; args[0].l = pdu; dalvik_prepare(&d, &dpdu, env); (*env)->CallVoidMethodA(env, obj, dpdu.mid, args); log("success calling : %s\n", dpdu.method_name) dalvik_postcall(&d, &dpdu); }
my_dispatch 函数分几步,
step1, 加载我们自定义的 SMSDispatch dex 文件,dexstuff_defineclass 函数实现了这个过程
step2, 调用 JNIEnv 的 FindClass和GetMethodID函数,搜寻到step1加载的dex文件里的 SMSDispatch 类的构造函数, 再调用 NewObjectA 函数在目标 JNIEnv 环境里生成一个 SMSDispatch 实例
step3, 先调用 dalvik_prepare 函数将前面 hook 的函数回退,这样接下去自定义的 SMSDispatch 类可以执行真正的 com/android/internal/telephony/SMSDispatcher 类的 dispatchPdus 函数
step4, 调用 JNIEnv 的 CallVoidMethodA 函数,执行自定义的 SMSDispatch 类的函数
step5, 再调用 dalvik_postcall 函数恢复对 com/android/internal/telephony/SMSDispatcher 类的 dispatchPdus 函数的挂载
int dalvik_prepare(struct dexstuff_t *dex, struct dalvik_hook_t *h, JNIEnv *env) { // this seems to crash when hooking "constructors" if (h->resolvm) { h->cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, h->clnamep); if (h->debug_me) log("cls = 0x%x\n", h->cls) if (!h->cls) return 0; if (h->sm) h->mid = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, h->cls, h->method_name, h->method_sig); else h->mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, h->cls, h->method_name, h->method_sig); if (h->debug_me) log("mid = 0x%x\n", h-> mid) if (!h->mid) return 0; } h->method->insSize = h->iss; h->method->registersSize = h->rss; h->method->outsSize = h->oss; h->method->a = h->access_flags; h->method->jniArgInfo = 0; h->method->insns = h->insns; }
dalvik_prepare 函数比较简单,将 dalvik_hook_t 保存的寄存器值、Method access_flags 标记、 insns 函数指针重新赋值回去,即恢复到了挂钩之前的状态
void dalvik_postcall(struct dexstuff_t *dex, struct dalvik_hook_t *h) { h->method->insSize = h->n_iss; h->method->registersSize = h->n_rss; h->method->outsSize = h->n_oss; //log("shorty %s\n", h->method->shorty) //log("name %s\n", h->method->name) //log("arginfo %x\n", h->method->jniArgInfo) h->method->jniArgInfo = 0x80000000; //log("noref %c\n", h->method->noRef) //log("access %x\n", h->method->a) h->access_flags = h->method->a; h->method->a = h->method->a | h->af; //log("access %x\n", h->method->a) dex->dvmUseJNIBridge_fnPtr(h->method, h->native_func); if (h->debug_me) log("patched BACK %s to: 0x%x\n", h->method_name, h->native_func) }
dalvik_postcall 函数跟 dalvik_hook 函数后半部分一致,通过对目标 Method 对象的成员进行赋值实现挂钩