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【Android Developers Training】 76. 用Wi-Fi创建P2P连接

注:本文翻译自Google官方的Android Developers Training文档,译者技术一般,由于喜爱安卓而产生了翻译的念头,纯属个人兴趣爱好。

原文链接:http://developer.android.com/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/wifi-direct.html


Wi-Fi的P2P API允许设备连接到附近的设备,而不需要连接到网络或热点(Android的Wi-Fi P2P框架使用Wi-Fi Direct™认证程序来编译)Wi-Fi P2P允许你的应用快速发现并连接到附近的设备,这一功能比起蓝牙来说更加强大。

这节课将向你展示如何使用Wi-Fi P2P来发现并连接附近的设备。


一). 设置应用权限声明

为了使用Wi-Fi P2P,需要添加CHANGE_WIFI_STATEACCESS_WIFI_STATEINTERNET权限声明到你的清单文件中。Wi-Fi P2P不需要一个网络连接,但它使用了标准的Java套接字,而这需要INTERNET权限。所以你需要下列权限来使用Wi-Fi P2P。

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.android.nsdchat"
    ...

    <uses-permission
        android:required="true"
        android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>
    <uses-permission
        android:required="true"
        android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"/>
    <uses-permission
        android:required="true"
        android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    ...

二). 配置一个广播接收器和一个P2P管理器

要使用Wi-Fi P2P,你需要监听在某一事件发生时,用来告知你的应用的广播Intents。在你的应用中,实例化一个IntentFilter并设置它为监听下列事件:

WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION

指出Wi-Fi P2P已经启用

WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION

指出可以获得的peer列表发生了变化

WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION

指出Wi-Fi P2P连接的状态发生了变化

WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION

指出设备的配置细节发生了改变

private final IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
...
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.main);

    //  Indicates a change in the Wi-Fi P2P status.
    intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);

    // Indicates a change in the list of available peers.
    intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION);

    // Indicates the state of Wi-Fi P2P connectivity has changed.
    intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION);

    // Indicates this device's details have changed.
    intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION);

    ...
}

onCreate()方法的最后,获取一个WifiP2pManager的实例,然后调用其initialize()方法。这一方法返回一个WifiP2pManager.Channel对象,在之后你将会用到它将你的应用连接到Wi-Fi P2P框架。

@Override

Channel mChannel;

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    ....
    mManager = (WifiP2pManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_P2P_SERVICE);
    mChannel = mManager.initialize(this, getMainLooper(), null);
}

现在创建一个新的BroadcastReceiver类,来监听系统的Wi-Fi P2P状态的改变。在onReceive()方法中,添加一个条件分支来处理每一个之前列举出来的P2P状态变化。

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        String action = intent.getAction();
        if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
            // Determine if Wifi P2P mode is enabled or not, alert
            // the Activity.
            int state = intent.getIntExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_STATE, -1);
            if (state == WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_ENABLED) {
                activity.setIsWifiP2pEnabled(true);
            } else {
                activity.setIsWifiP2pEnabled(false);
            }
        } else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {

            // The peer list has changed!  We should probably do something about
            // that.

        } else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {

            // Connection state changed!  We should probably do something about
            // that.

        } else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
            DeviceListFragment fragment = (DeviceListFragment) activity.getFragmentManager()
                    .findFragmentById(R.id.frag_list);
            fragment.updateThisDevice((WifiP2pDevice) intent.getParcelableExtra(
                    WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_P2P_DEVICE));

        }
    }

最后,添加一些代码,在主activity处于活动状态时,注册intent过滤器和广播接收器,并在activity被暂停时注销它们。做这两件事情最好的位置是在onResume()onPause()方法中。

    /** register the BroadcastReceiver with the intent values to be matched */
    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        receiver = new WiFiDirectBroadcastReceiver(mManager, mChannel, this);
        registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        unregisterReceiver(receiver);
    } 

三). 初始化Peer搜索

要使用Wi-Fi P2P来搜索附近的设备,调用discoverPeers()方法。这一方法接收如下参数:

mManager.discoverPeers(mChannel, new WifiP2pManager.ActionListener() {

        @Override
        public void onSuccess() {
            // Code for when the discovery initiation is successful goes here.
            // No services have actually been discovered yet, so this method
            // can often be left blank.  Code for peer discovery goes in the
            // onReceive method, detailed below.
        }

        @Override
        public void onFailure(int reasonCode) {
            // Code for when the discovery initiation fails goes here.
            // Alert the user that something went wrong.
        }
});

记住这仅仅是初始化了peer搜索。discoverPeers()方法启动搜索进程,然后迅速返回。系统会通知你搜索进程是否被监听器初始化成功。同时搜索会保持激活状态知道一个连接被初始化或者一个P2P组被构建完成。


四). 获取Peers列表

现在写下获取和处理Peers列表的代码。首先实现WifiP2pManager.PeerListListener接口,它提供了检测到的Wi-Fi P2P的peer信息。请看下面的代码:

    private List peers = new ArrayList();
    ...

    private PeerListListener peerListListener = new PeerListListener() {
        @Override
        public void onPeersAvailable(WifiP2pDeviceList peerList) {

            // Out with the old, in with the new.
            peers.clear();
            peers.addAll(peerList.getDeviceList());

            // If an AdapterView is backed by this data, notify it
            // of the change.  For instance, if you have a ListView of available
            // peers, trigger an update.
            ((WiFiPeerListAdapter) getListAdapter()).notifyDataSetChanged();
            if (peers.size() == 0) {
                Log.d(WiFiDirectActivity.TAG, "No devices found");
                return;
            }
        }
    }

现在修改你的广播接收器的onReceive()方法,当一个具有WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION的intent被接收时,来调用requestPeers()方法。你需要通过某种方法将监听器传递给广播接收器。一种方法是将它作为一个参数传递给广播接收器的构造函数:

public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
    ...
    else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {

        // Request available peers from the wifi p2p manager. This is an
        // asynchronous call and the calling activity is notified with a
        // callback on PeerListListener.onPeersAvailable()
        if (mManager != null) {
            mManager.requestPeers(mChannel, peerListListener);
        }
        Log.d(WiFiDirectActivity.TAG, "P2P peers changed");
    }...
}

现在,一个具有WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION的intent将会激活一个更新Peer列表的请求。


五). 与一个Peer发起连接

为了和一个Peer发起连接,创建一个新的WifiP2pConfig对象,然后从代表你想要连接的设备的WifiP2pDevice中把数据拷贝到这个对象里面。然后调用connect()方法。

    @Override
    public void connect() {
        // Picking the first device found on the network.
        WifiP2pDevice device = peers.get(0);

        WifiP2pConfig config = new WifiP2pConfig();
        config.deviceAddress = device.deviceAddress;
        config.wps.setup = WpsInfo.PBC;

        mManager.connect(mChannel, config, new ActionListener() {

            @Override
            public void onSuccess() {
                // WiFiDirectBroadcastReceiver will notify us. Ignore for now.
            }

            @Override
            public void onFailure(int reason) {
                Toast.makeText(WiFiDirectActivity.this, "Connect failed. Retry.",
                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }

在这个代码中实现的WifiP2pManager.ActionListener仅在当初始化成功或失败时向你发起通知。要监听连接状态的变化,需要实现WifiP2pManager.ConnectionInfoListener接口。它的onConnectionInfoAvailable()回调函数将会在连接状态变化后向你发出通知。在一些情况下,许多设备会向一个设备发起连接(比如一个多人连接的游戏,或者一个聊天的应用),其中一个设备会被任命为一个“组所有者(group owner)”。

    @Override
    public void onConnectionInfoAvailable(final WifiP2pInfo info) {

        // InetAddress from WifiP2pInfo struct.
        InetAddress groupOwnerAddress = info.groupOwnerAddress.getHostAddress());

        // After the group negotiation, we can determine the group owner.
        if (info.groupFormed && info.isGroupOwner) {
            // Do whatever tasks are specific to the group owner.
            // One common case is creating a server thread and accepting
            // incoming connections.
        } else if (info.groupFormed) {
            // The other device acts as the client. In this case,
            // you'll want to create a client thread that connects to the group
            // owner.
        }
    }

现在回到广播接收器的onReceive()方法中,修改监听WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION的intent的部分。当这个intent接收到了以后,调用requestConnectionInfo()。这是一个异步的调用,所以结果会被之前你所提供的作为参数的连接信息监听器接收:

        ...
        } else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {

            if (mManager == null) {
                return;
            }

            NetworkInfo networkInfo = (NetworkInfo) intent
                    .getParcelableExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);

            if (networkInfo.isConnected()) {

                // We are connected with the other device, request connection
                // info to find group owner IP

                mManager.requestConnectionInfo(mChannel, connectionListener);
            }
            ...
posted @ 2014-03-10 15:55  __Neo  阅读(869)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报