【Android Developers Training】 76. 用Wi-Fi创建P2P连接
注:本文翻译自Google官方的Android Developers Training文档,译者技术一般,由于喜爱安卓而产生了翻译的念头,纯属个人兴趣爱好。
原文链接:http://developer.android.com/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/wifi-direct.html
Wi-Fi的P2P API允许设备连接到附近的设备,而不需要连接到网络或热点(Android的Wi-Fi P2P框架使用Wi-Fi Direct™认证程序来编译)Wi-Fi P2P允许你的应用快速发现并连接到附近的设备,这一功能比起蓝牙来说更加强大。
这节课将向你展示如何使用Wi-Fi P2P来发现并连接附近的设备。
一). 设置应用权限声明
为了使用Wi-Fi P2P,需要添加CHANGE_WIFI_STATE,ACCESS_WIFI_STATE和INTERNET权限声明到你的清单文件中。Wi-Fi P2P不需要一个网络连接,但它使用了标准的Java套接字,而这需要INTERNET权限。所以你需要下列权限来使用Wi-Fi P2P。
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.android.nsdchat" ... <uses-permission android:required="true" android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/> <uses-permission android:required="true" android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"/> <uses-permission android:required="true" android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/> ...
二). 配置一个广播接收器和一个P2P管理器
要使用Wi-Fi P2P,你需要监听在某一事件发生时,用来告知你的应用的广播Intents。在你的应用中,实例化一个IntentFilter并设置它为监听下列事件:
指出Wi-Fi P2P已经启用
指出可以获得的peer列表发生了变化
WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION
指出Wi-Fi P2P连接的状态发生了变化
WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION
指出设备的配置细节发生了改变
private final IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(); ... @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); // Indicates a change in the Wi-Fi P2P status. intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION); // Indicates a change in the list of available peers. intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION); // Indicates the state of Wi-Fi P2P connectivity has changed. intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION); // Indicates this device's details have changed. intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION); ... }
在onCreate()方法的最后,获取一个WifiP2pManager的实例,然后调用其initialize()方法。这一方法返回一个WifiP2pManager.Channel对象,在之后你将会用到它将你的应用连接到Wi-Fi P2P框架。
@Override Channel mChannel; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { .... mManager = (WifiP2pManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_P2P_SERVICE); mChannel = mManager.initialize(this, getMainLooper(), null); }
现在创建一个新的BroadcastReceiver类,来监听系统的Wi-Fi P2P状态的改变。在onReceive()方法中,添加一个条件分支来处理每一个之前列举出来的P2P状态变化。
@Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { String action = intent.getAction(); if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) { // Determine if Wifi P2P mode is enabled or not, alert // the Activity. int state = intent.getIntExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_STATE, -1); if (state == WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_ENABLED) { activity.setIsWifiP2pEnabled(true); } else { activity.setIsWifiP2pEnabled(false); } } else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) { // The peer list has changed! We should probably do something about // that. } else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) { // Connection state changed! We should probably do something about // that. } else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) { DeviceListFragment fragment = (DeviceListFragment) activity.getFragmentManager() .findFragmentById(R.id.frag_list); fragment.updateThisDevice((WifiP2pDevice) intent.getParcelableExtra( WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_P2P_DEVICE)); } }
最后,添加一些代码,在主activity处于活动状态时,注册intent过滤器和广播接收器,并在activity被暂停时注销它们。做这两件事情最好的位置是在onResume()和onPause()方法中。
/** register the BroadcastReceiver with the intent values to be matched */ @Override public void onResume() { super.onResume(); receiver = new WiFiDirectBroadcastReceiver(mManager, mChannel, this); registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter); } @Override public void onPause() { super.onPause(); unregisterReceiver(receiver); }
三). 初始化Peer搜索
要使用Wi-Fi P2P来搜索附近的设备,调用discoverPeers()方法。这一方法接收如下参数:
- 当你初始化P2P管理器时你所收回的WifiP2pManager.Channel;
- 一个WifiP2pManager.ActionListener的实现,具有一些在搜索成功或失败时系统所要调用的方法。
mManager.discoverPeers(mChannel, new WifiP2pManager.ActionListener() { @Override public void onSuccess() { // Code for when the discovery initiation is successful goes here. // No services have actually been discovered yet, so this method // can often be left blank. Code for peer discovery goes in the // onReceive method, detailed below. } @Override public void onFailure(int reasonCode) { // Code for when the discovery initiation fails goes here. // Alert the user that something went wrong. } });
记住这仅仅是初始化了peer搜索。discoverPeers()方法启动搜索进程,然后迅速返回。系统会通知你搜索进程是否被监听器初始化成功。同时搜索会保持激活状态知道一个连接被初始化或者一个P2P组被构建完成。
四). 获取Peers列表
现在写下获取和处理Peers列表的代码。首先实现WifiP2pManager.PeerListListener接口,它提供了检测到的Wi-Fi P2P的peer信息。请看下面的代码:
private List peers = new ArrayList(); ... private PeerListListener peerListListener = new PeerListListener() { @Override public void onPeersAvailable(WifiP2pDeviceList peerList) { // Out with the old, in with the new. peers.clear(); peers.addAll(peerList.getDeviceList()); // If an AdapterView is backed by this data, notify it // of the change. For instance, if you have a ListView of available // peers, trigger an update. ((WiFiPeerListAdapter) getListAdapter()).notifyDataSetChanged(); if (peers.size() == 0) { Log.d(WiFiDirectActivity.TAG, "No devices found"); return; } } }
现在修改你的广播接收器的onReceive()方法,当一个具有WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION的intent被接收时,来调用requestPeers()方法。你需要通过某种方法将监听器传递给广播接收器。一种方法是将它作为一个参数传递给广播接收器的构造函数:
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { ... else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) { // Request available peers from the wifi p2p manager. This is an // asynchronous call and the calling activity is notified with a // callback on PeerListListener.onPeersAvailable() if (mManager != null) { mManager.requestPeers(mChannel, peerListListener); } Log.d(WiFiDirectActivity.TAG, "P2P peers changed"); }... }
现在,一个具有WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION的intent将会激活一个更新Peer列表的请求。
五). 与一个Peer发起连接
为了和一个Peer发起连接,创建一个新的WifiP2pConfig对象,然后从代表你想要连接的设备的WifiP2pDevice中把数据拷贝到这个对象里面。然后调用connect()方法。
@Override public void connect() { // Picking the first device found on the network. WifiP2pDevice device = peers.get(0); WifiP2pConfig config = new WifiP2pConfig(); config.deviceAddress = device.deviceAddress; config.wps.setup = WpsInfo.PBC; mManager.connect(mChannel, config, new ActionListener() { @Override public void onSuccess() { // WiFiDirectBroadcastReceiver will notify us. Ignore for now. } @Override public void onFailure(int reason) { Toast.makeText(WiFiDirectActivity.this, "Connect failed. Retry.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); }
在这个代码中实现的WifiP2pManager.ActionListener仅在当初始化成功或失败时向你发起通知。要监听连接状态的变化,需要实现WifiP2pManager.ConnectionInfoListener接口。它的onConnectionInfoAvailable()回调函数将会在连接状态变化后向你发出通知。在一些情况下,许多设备会向一个设备发起连接(比如一个多人连接的游戏,或者一个聊天的应用),其中一个设备会被任命为一个“组所有者(group owner)”。
@Override public void onConnectionInfoAvailable(final WifiP2pInfo info) { // InetAddress from WifiP2pInfo struct. InetAddress groupOwnerAddress = info.groupOwnerAddress.getHostAddress()); // After the group negotiation, we can determine the group owner. if (info.groupFormed && info.isGroupOwner) { // Do whatever tasks are specific to the group owner. // One common case is creating a server thread and accepting // incoming connections. } else if (info.groupFormed) { // The other device acts as the client. In this case, // you'll want to create a client thread that connects to the group // owner. } }
现在回到广播接收器的onReceive()方法中,修改监听WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION的intent的部分。当这个intent接收到了以后,调用requestConnectionInfo()。这是一个异步的调用,所以结果会被之前你所提供的作为参数的连接信息监听器接收:
... } else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) { if (mManager == null) { return; } NetworkInfo networkInfo = (NetworkInfo) intent .getParcelableExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO); if (networkInfo.isConnected()) { // We are connected with the other device, request connection // info to find group owner IP mManager.requestConnectionInfo(mChannel, connectionListener); } ...