总目录:ASP.NET MVC5 及 EF6 学习笔记 - (目录整理)
本篇参考原文链接:Reading Related Data
本章主要讲述加载显示关联数据;
数据加载分为以下三种
Lazy loading
这种加载方式在于需要用到这个导航属性数据的时候,才会去数据库取数据,如下图,循环中,每一次都去数据库取一次数据:
Eager loading
这种加载方式则是先定义好哪个导航属性数据需要一起加载(通过是.Inclue),然后在加载主数据的时候,一并把导航数据全部加载,如下图:
Explicit loading
这种加载就是需要明确用代码来定义去数据库取数据(通过Collection.Load()或者Reference.Load()),一般是用在Lazy Loading 被关闭的情况下;如:
性能考虑
显而易见,Lazy Loading和Eager Loading 各有优势劣势;
Lazy Loading可以在需要的时候才取数据,那么不需要的时候就节约了资源;但需要的时候也对数据库产生了很大压力;
Eager Loading可以在需要的时候一次性取到全部数据,对于数据库压力来说会好很多;
所以,根据自己需要选择哪一种咯。。。
序列化之前关闭Lazy Loading
如果要序列化一个实体,会出现导航属性一层一层展下去,出现循环等等问题,所以在WEB API或者特定应用场景下需要序列化实例的时候,需要做些特殊处理;
准备深入学习此部分;计划后续再补充这部分;
新建Course页面来显示包含Department
这次偷偷懒,直接用带View 使用EF的控制器模板来创建Course控制器:
在控制器里,Index Action 已经直接把Department导航属性加载了:
// GET: Courses public ActionResult Index() { var courses = db.Courses.Include(c => c.Department); return View(courses.ToList()); }
然后把Courses/Index 试图改为:
(注意:个人偷懒,创建控制器的时候,Course控制器被自动创建为CoursesController, 所以要手动改下Home/Index里对应Course的Action Link参数)
(另外:要Department标题显示Department 而不是Name ,则需要到Department模型里把Name这个属性加上 [Display(Name ="Department")]
@model IEnumerable<EFTest.Models.Course> @{ ViewBag.Title = "Courses"; } <h2>Courses</h2> <p> @Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create") </p> <table class="table"> <tr> <th> @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.CourseID) </th> <th> @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Title) </th> <th> @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Credits) </th> <th> @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Department.Name) </th> <th></th> </tr> @foreach (var item in Model) { <tr> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.CourseID) </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Title) </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Credits) </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Department.Name) </td> <td> @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id=item.CourseID }) | @Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new { id=item.CourseID }) | @Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id=item.CourseID }) </td> </tr> } </table>
新建Instructors列表显示页面
准备建一个可以分多级显示的页面,上部显示Instructor列表,点击选择后,中部显示对应的Enrollment列表,再点击选择后,显示Enrollment对应的学生和成绩列表;
先准备一个显示用的模型:InstructorIndexData
在项目下新建ViewModels文件夹,然后增加一个显示模型:
using EFTest.Models; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace EFTest.ViewModels { public class InstructorIndexData { public IEnumerable<Instructor> Instructors { get; set; } public IEnumerable<Course> Courses { get; set; } public IEnumerable<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; } } }
然后新增 Instructor 控制器:
(注意把控制器名字改为 InstructorController)
在控制器里增加显示用模型文件夹的申明:
using EFTest.ViewModels;
把原先的Index Action 改为如下:
public ActionResult Index(int? id, int? courseID) { var viewModel = new InstructorIndexData(); viewModel.Instructors = db.Instructors .Include(i => i.OfficeAssignment) .Include(i => i.Courses.Select(c => c.Department)) .OrderBy(i => i.LastName); if (id != null) { ViewBag.InstructorID = id.Value; viewModel.Courses = viewModel.Instructors.Where( i => i.ID == id.Value).Single().Courses; } if (courseID != null) { ViewBag.CourseID = courseID.Value; viewModel.Enrollments = viewModel.Courses.Where( x => x.CourseID == courseID).Single().Enrollments; //var selectedCourse = viewModel.Courses.Where(x => x.CourseID == courseID).Single(); //db.Entry(selectedCourse).Collection(x => x.Enrollments).Load(); //foreach (Enrollment enrollment in selectedCourse.Enrollments) //{ // db.Entry(enrollment).Reference(x => x.Student).Load(); //} //viewModel.Enrollments = selectedCourse.Enrollments; } return View(viewModel); }
VIEW修改为:
(分为3部分显示,上部列表显示Instructors ,并增加一个Select的Link指向Index并带回ID值;中间部分显示选中的Instructor的Course列表,并也增加一个Select的LINK,
指向Index 并带回Instructors ID以及CourseID, 最下部分则为选中的Course的Enrollments列表;)
@model EFTest.ViewModels.InstructorIndexData @{ ViewBag.Title = "Instructors"; } <h2>Instructors</h2> <p> @Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create") </p> <table class="table"> <tr> <th>Last Name</th> <th>First Name</th> <th>Hire Date</th> <th>Office</th> <th></th> </tr> @foreach (var item in Model.Instructors) { string selectedRow = ""; if (item.ID == ViewBag.InstructorID) { selectedRow = "success"; } <tr class="@selectedRow"> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.LastName) </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.FirstMidName) </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.HireDate) </td> <td> @if (item.OfficeAssignment != null) { @item.OfficeAssignment.Location } </td> <td> @Html.ActionLink("Select", "Index", new { id = item.ID }) | @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id = item.ID }) | @Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new { id = item.ID }) | @Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id = item.ID }) </td> </tr> } </table> @if (Model.Courses != null) { <h3>Courses Taught by Selected Instructor</h3> <table class="table"> <tr> <th></th> <th>Number</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Department</th> </tr> @foreach (var item in Model.Courses) { string selectedRow = ""; if (item.CourseID == ViewBag.CourseID) { selectedRow = "success"; } <tr class="@selectedRow"> <td> @Html.ActionLink("Select", "Index", new { courseID = item.CourseID }) </td> <td> @item.CourseID </td> <td> @item.Title </td> <td> @item.Department.Name </td> </tr> } </table> } @if (Model.Enrollments != null) { <h3> Students Enrolled in Selected Course </h3> <table class="table"> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Grade</th> </tr> @foreach (var item in Model.Enrollments) { <tr> <td> @item.Student.FullName </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Grade) </td> </tr> } </table> }
扩展学习
原文中是采用直接刷新全部页面来显示,至于在实际项目中,有时候为了好的操作体验,采用Ajax来显示;
下面自己学习使用Ajax来进行点选Instructor后显示Course部分视图;
先做些准备工作:
通过NuGet 把项目中原 jQuery升级到最新;然后安装 Microsoft.jQuery.Unobtrusive.Ajax
(Microsoft.jQuery.Unobtrusive.Ajax是包含了 jQuery.Unobtrusive.Ajax 的微软包)
再把Home/Index对应的View加一行:
@{ ViewBag.Title = "Hello EF6"; } <h2>Hello EF6</h2> <div> <ul> <li>@Html.ActionLink("Home", "Index", "Home")</li> <li>@Html.ActionLink("About", "About", "Home")</li> <li>@Html.ActionLink("Students", "Index", "Student")</li> <li>@Html.ActionLink("Courses", "Index", "Courses")</li> <li>@Html.ActionLink("Instructors", "Index", "Instructor")</li> <li>@Html.ActionLink("Ajax_Instructors", "Index", "Instructors")</li> <li>@Html.ActionLink("Departments", "Index", "Department")</li> </ul> </div>
在Shared/_Layout.cshtml 这个模板View中加入应用:(这个办法是笨办法,还有一种是高级压缩的js引用办法,先用笨办法)
<head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>@ViewBag.Title - My ASP.NET Application</title> <link href="~/Content/Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="~/Content/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="~/Scripts/modernizr-2.6.2.js"></script> <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script> <script src="~/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js"></script> </head>
新建一个InstructorsContorller :
这个控制器里的Index可以不用改,主要是改Instructors/Index对应的View: (增加一个Ajax的ActionLink) (以及一个准备放Course的结果的Div)
@model IEnumerable<EFTest.Models.Instructor> @{ var ajaxOption = new AjaxOptions() { HttpMethod = "Get",UpdateTargetId = "CourseList" }; } @{ ViewBag.Title = "Index"; } <h2>Index</h2> <p> @Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create") </p> <table class="table"> <tr> <th> @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.LastName) </th> <th> @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.FirstMidName) </th> <th> @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.HireDate) </th> <th> @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.OfficeAssignment.Location) </th> <th></th> </tr> @foreach (var item in Model) { <tr> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.LastName) </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.FirstMidName) </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.HireDate) </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.OfficeAssignment.Location) </td> <td> @Ajax.ActionLink("Select","GetList","Courses", new { id = item.ID },ajaxOption) @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id=item.ID }) | @Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new { id=item.ID }) | @Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id=item.ID }) </td> </tr> } </table> <div id="CourseList"></div>
最后为Courses控制器加一个GetList 这个Action: (返回的是一个GetList的部分视图)
public ActionResult GetList(int? id) { var courses = db.Instructors.Where(i => i.ID == id.Value).Single().Courses; return PartialView(courses.ToList()); }
为这个Action 新建视图: (勾选 Create as a partial view)
最后把这个View调整一下:
@model IEnumerable<EFTest.Models.Course> <h3>Courses Taught by Selected Instructor</h3> <table class="table"> <tr> <th>Number</th> <th> @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Department.Name) </th> <th> @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Title) </th> <th> @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Credits) </th> </tr> @foreach (var item in Model) { <tr> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.CourseID) </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Department.Name) </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Title) </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Credits) </td> </tr> } </table>
最后效果:
主页面没有刷新,点击Instructor行的右侧Select的时候会在下面显示其关联的Course (没有设置加载时的动画,所以第一次点击查询,操作会显得有些生硬)