【redis源码】（七）Dict.c

无疑，作为key-value的nosql存储工具，redis中最核心的数据结构便是dict本身了。 哈希表作为查找效率 O(1)的数据结构，本身也存在着一些局限性，如hash算法的选择，怎样做到元素在桶内的均匀分布，及当哈希表内元素数量增多时，如果处理随着增加的碰撞，碰撞如果较深，会严重影响哈希表的效率

 

redis中的dict便是hash实现的一个很好的范例，dict的实现中最巧妙地细节便是采用了类似双buffer的hash扩容方式，及缓慢的哈希表转移算法。

1. 哈希表扩容方式【双buffer的hash表结构】

typedef struct dict {
    dictType *type;
    void *privdata;
    dictht ht[2];
    int rehashidx; /* rehashing not in progress if rehashidx == -1 */
    int iterators; /* number of iterators currently running */
} dict;

如代码所示，在哈希表resizing的过程中，ht[0]和ht[1]两个哈希表同时工作，直到ht[0]中的元素完全转移到ht[1]中来

2. 哈希表转移过程是平滑缓慢的

哈希表的转移并不是一步到位的，这里作者应该是考虑到，在哈希表很大的情况下，如果一次性的对哈希表进行转移操作，会引起性能抖动，所以以两种转移触发条件来对哈希表进行转移

a. 在每次哈希表进行查询或者更新操作时，转移一个元素

static void _dictRehashStep(dict *d) {
    if (d->iterators == 0) dictRehash(d,1);
}

b. 会有定时操作，每次执行指定长度时间的转移操作，粒度是每次100个元素【具体由谁来触发，还需要进一步看代码】

int dictRehashMilliseconds(dict *d, int ms) {
    long long start = timeInMilliseconds();
    int rehashes = 0;

    while(dictRehash(d,100)) {
        rehashes += 100;
        if (timeInMilliseconds()-start > ms) break;
    }
    return rehashes;
}

 

 

 

好了，开始贴代码

dict.h

#ifndef __DICT_H
#define __DICT_H

#define DICT_OK 0
#define DICT_ERR 1

/* Unused arguments generate annoying warnings... */
#define DICT_NOTUSED(V) ((void) V)

typedef struct dictEntry {
    void *key;
    void *val;
    struct dictEntry *next;
} dictEntry;

typedef struct dictType {
    unsigned int (*hashFunction)(const void *key);
    void *(*keyDup)(void *privdata, const void *key);
    void *(*valDup)(void *privdata, const void *obj);
    int (*keyCompare)(void *privdata, const void *key1, const void *key2);
    void (*keyDestructor)(void *privdata, void *key);
    void (*valDestructor)(void *privdata, void *obj);
} dictType;

/* This is our hash table structure. Every dictionary has two of this as we
 * implement incremental rehashing, for the old to the new table. */
typedef struct dictht {
    dictEntry **table;
    unsigned long size;
    unsigned long sizemask;
    unsigned long used;
} dictht;

typedef struct dict {
    dictType *type;
    void *privdata;
    dictht ht[2];
    int rehashidx; /* rehashing not in progress if rehashidx == -1 */
    int iterators; /* number of iterators currently running */
} dict;

/* If safe is set to 1 this is a safe iteartor, that means, you can call
 * dictAdd, dictFind, and other functions against the dictionary even while
 * iterating. Otherwise it is a non safe iterator, and only dictNext()
 * should be called while iterating. */
typedef struct dictIterator {
    dict *d;
    int table, index, safe;
    dictEntry *entry, *nextEntry;
} dictIterator;

/* This is the initial size of every hash table */
#define DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE     4

/* ------------------------------- Macros ------------------------------------*/
#define dictFreeEntryVal(d, entry) \
    if ((d)->type->valDestructor) \
        (d)->type->valDestructor((d)->privdata, (entry)->val)

#define dictSetHashVal(d, entry, _val_) do { \
    if ((d)->type->valDup) \
        entry->val = (d)->type->valDup((d)->privdata, _val_); \
    else \
        entry->val = (_val_); \
} while(0)

#define dictFreeEntryKey(d, entry) \
    if ((d)->type->keyDestructor) \
        (d)->type->keyDestructor((d)->privdata, (entry)->key)

#define dictSetHashKey(d, entry, _key_) do { \
    if ((d)->type->keyDup) \
        entry->key = (d)->type->keyDup((d)->privdata, _key_); \
    else \
        entry->key = (_key_); \
} while(0)

#define dictCompareHashKeys(d, key1, key2) \
    (((d)->type->keyCompare) ? \
        (d)->type->keyCompare((d)->privdata, key1, key2) : \
        (key1) == (key2))

#define dictHashKey(d, key) (d)->type->hashFunction(key)

#define dictGetEntryKey(he) ((he)->key)
#define dictGetEntryVal(he) ((he)->val)
#define dictSlots(d) ((d)->ht[0].size+(d)->ht[1].size)
#define dictSize(d) ((d)->ht[0].used+(d)->ht[1].used)
#define dictIsRehashing(ht) ((ht)->rehashidx != -1)

/* API */
dict *dictCreate(dictType *type, void *privDataPtr);
int dictExpand(dict *d, unsigned long size);
int dictAdd(dict *d, void *key, void *val);
int dictReplace(dict *d, void *key, void *val);
int dictDelete(dict *d, const void *key);
int dictDeleteNoFree(dict *d, const void *key);
void dictRelease(dict *d);
dictEntry * dictFind(dict *d, const void *key);
void *dictFetchValue(dict *d, const void *key);
int dictResize(dict *d);
dictIterator *dictGetIterator(dict *d);
dictIterator *dictGetSafeIterator(dict *d);
dictEntry *dictNext(dictIterator *iter);
void dictReleaseIterator(dictIterator *iter);
dictEntry *dictGetRandomKey(dict *d);
void dictPrintStats(dict *d);
unsigned int dictGenHashFunction(const unsigned char *buf, int len);
unsigned int dictGenCaseHashFunction(const unsigned char *buf, int len);
void dictEmpty(dict *d);
void dictEnableResize(void);
void dictDisableResize(void);
int dictRehash(dict *d, int n);
int dictRehashMilliseconds(dict *d, int ms);

/* Hash table types */
extern dictType dictTypeHeapStringCopyKey;
extern dictType dictTypeHeapStrings;
extern dictType dictTypeHeapStringCopyKeyValue;

#endif /* __DICT_H */

dict.c

#include "fmacros.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#include "dict.h"
#include "zmalloc.h"

/* Using dictEnableResize() / dictDisableResize() we make possible to
 * enable/disable resizing of the hash table as needed. This is very important
 * for Redis, as we use copy-on-write and don't want to move too much memory
 * around when there is a child performing saving operations.
 *
 * Note that even when dict_can_resize is set to 0, not all resizes are
 * prevented: an hash table is still allowed to grow if the ratio between
 * the number of elements and the buckets > dict_force_resize_ratio. */
static int dict_can_resize = 1;
static unsigned int dict_force_resize_ratio = 5;

/* -------------------------- private prototypes ---------------------------- */

//扩展dict中桶的数量
static int _dictExpandIfNeeded(dict *ht);
//得到扩展后的dict应有的桶的数量，这个数量是2的幂次
static unsigned long _dictNextPower(unsigned long size);
//如果插入key，返回其在哈希表ht中应存方的hashentry的index，如果
//ht正在resizing，则返回在ht[1]中的index
static int _dictKeyIndex(dict *ht, const void *key);
//初始化dict，初始化一个哈希表
static int _dictInit(dict *ht, dictType *type, void *privDataPtr);

/* -------------------------- hash functions -------------------------------- */
//一系列哈希函数
/* Thomas Wang's 32 bit Mix Function */
unsigned int dictIntHashFunction(unsigned int key)
{
    key += ~(key << 15);
    key ^=  (key >> 10);
    key +=  (key << 3);
    key ^=  (key >> 6);
    key += ~(key << 11);
    key ^=  (key >> 16);
    return key;
}

/* Identity hash function for integer keys */
unsigned int dictIdentityHashFunction(unsigned int key)
{
    return key;
}

/* Generic hash function (a popular one from Bernstein).
 * I tested a few and this was the best. */
unsigned int dictGenHashFunction(const unsigned char *buf, int len) {
    unsigned int hash = 5381;

    while (len--)
        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + (*buf++); /* hash * 33 + c */
    return hash;
}

/* And a case insensitive version */
unsigned int dictGenCaseHashFunction(const unsigned char *buf, int len) {
    unsigned int hash = 5381;

    while (len--)
        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + (tolower(*buf++)); /* hash * 33 + c */
    return hash;
}

/* ----------------------------- API implementation ------------------------- */
//重置一个dictht结构
/* Reset an hashtable already initialized with ht_init().
 * NOTE: This function should only called by ht_destroy(). */
static void _dictReset(dictht *ht)
{
    ht->table = NULL;
    ht->size = 0;
    ht->sizemask = 0;
    ht->used = 0;
}
//初始化一个新的哈希表结构，并且调用_dictInit对其进行初始化
/* Create a new hash table */
dict *dictCreate(dictType *type,
        void *privDataPtr)
{
    dict *d = zmalloc(sizeof(*d));

    _dictInit(d,type,privDataPtr);
    return d;
}

//初始化哈希表
/* Initialize the hash table */
int _dictInit(dict *d, dictType *type,
        void *privDataPtr)
{
    _dictReset(&d->ht[0]);
    _dictReset(&d->ht[1]);
    d->type = type;
    d->privdata = privDataPtr;
    d->rehashidx = -1;
    d->iterators = 0;
    return DICT_OK;
}

//resize哈希表d，如果entry数量小于默认初始值，将其置为初始值
//否则将其置为与保存的元素数量相同
/* Resize the table to the minimal size that contains all the elements,
 * but with the invariant of a USER/BUCKETS ratio near to <= 1 */
int dictResize(dict *d)
{
    int minimal;

    if (!dict_can_resize || dictIsRehashing(d)) return DICT_ERR;
    minimal = d->ht[0].used;
    if (minimal < DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE)
        minimal = DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE;
    return dictExpand(d, minimal);
}


//根据size，得到下一个hash的size，应该是2的幂次
//如果size的大小小于目前元素的数量，或者dict正在resize，则终止expanding
//如果确定可以resize，申请一个newsize大小的dicthashtable，并为其初始化
/* Expand or create the hashtable */
int dictExpand(dict *d, unsigned long size)
{
    dictht n; /* the new hashtable */
    unsigned long realsize = _dictNextPower(size);

    /* the size is invalid if it is smaller than the number of
     * elements already inside the hashtable */
    if (dictIsRehashing(d) || d->ht[0].used > size)
        return DICT_ERR;

    /* Allocate the new hashtable and initialize all pointers to NULL */
    n.size = realsize;
    n.sizemask = realsize-1;
    n.table = zcalloc(realsize*sizeof(dictEntry*));
    n.used = 0;

    /* Is this the first initialization? If so it's not really a rehashing
     * we just set the first hash table so that it can accept keys. */
    if (d->ht[0].table == NULL) {
        d->ht[0] = n;
        return DICT_OK;
    }

    /* Prepare a second hash table for incremental rehashing */
    d->ht[1] = n;
    d->rehashidx = 0;
    return DICT_OK;
}



//rehashing 操作需要n步来执行，一次rehash一个元素，这样一点点的rehash
//可以避免性能波动
/* Performs N steps of incremental rehashing. Returns 1 if there are still
 * keys to move from the old to the new hash table, otherwise 0 is returned.
 * Note that a rehashing step consists in moving a bucket (that may have more
 * thank one key as we use chaining) from the old to the new hash table. */
int dictRehash(dict *d, int n) {
    if (!dictIsRehashing(d)) return 0;

    while(n--) {
        dictEntry *de, *nextde;

        /* Check if we already rehashed the whole table... */
        if (d->ht[0].used == 0) {
            zfree(d->ht[0].table);
            d->ht[0] = d->ht[1];
            _dictReset(&d->ht[1]);
            d->rehashidx = -1;
            return 0;
        }

        /* Note that rehashidx can't overflow as we are sure there are more
         * elements because ht[0].used != 0 */
        while(d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx] == NULL) d->rehashidx++;
        de = d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx];
        /* Move all the keys in this bucket from the old to the new hash HT */
        while(de) {
            unsigned int h;

            nextde = de->next;
            /* Get the index in the new hash table */
            h = dictHashKey(d, de->key) & d->ht[1].sizemask;
            de->next = d->ht[1].table[h];
            d->ht[1].table[h] = de;
            d->ht[0].used--;
            d->ht[1].used++;
            de = nextde;
        }
        d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx] = NULL;
        d->rehashidx++;
    }
    return 1;
}

//得到以毫秒为单位的当前时间
long long timeInMilliseconds(void) {
    struct timeval tv;

    gettimeofday(&tv,NULL);
    return (((long long)tv.tv_sec)*1000)+(tv.tv_usec/1000);
}
//每次执行一定时间的rehashing操作，这次rehasing的时间不超过ms毫秒
/* Rehash for an amount of time between ms milliseconds and ms+1 milliseconds */
int dictRehashMilliseconds(dict *d, int ms) {
    long long start = timeInMilliseconds();
    int rehashes = 0;

    while(dictRehash(d,100)) {
        rehashes += 100;
        if (timeInMilliseconds()-start > ms) break;
    }
    return rehashes;
}


//这个函数执行一次rehashing，即移动一个元素。
//这个函数在任何一次查询或者更新操作时会被调用
//将rehashing的性能消耗分布在每一步
/* This function performs just a step of rehashing, and only if there are
 * no safe iterators bound to our hash table. When we have iterators in the
 * middle of a rehashing we can't mess with the two hash tables otherwise
 * some element can be missed or duplicated.
 *
 * This function is called by common lookup or update operations in the
 * dictionary so that the hash table automatically migrates from H1 to H2
 * while it is actively used. */
static void _dictRehashStep(dict *d) {
    if (d->iterators == 0) dictRehash(d,1);
}

//在d中增加一个键值对
/* Add an element to the target hash table */
int dictAdd(dict *d, void *key, void *val)
{
    int index;
    dictEntry *entry;
    dictht *ht;

    if (dictIsRehashing(d)) _dictRehashStep(d);

    /* Get the index of the new element, or -1 if
     * the element already exists. */
    if ((index = _dictKeyIndex(d, key)) == -1)
        return DICT_ERR;

    /* Allocates the memory and stores key */
    ht = dictIsRehashing(d) ? &d->ht[1] : &d->ht[0];
    entry = zmalloc(sizeof(*entry));
    entry->next = ht->table[index];
    ht->table[index] = entry;
    ht->used++;

    /* Set the hash entry fields. */
    dictSetHashKey(d, entry, key);
    dictSetHashVal(d, entry, val);
    return DICT_OK;
}

//增加一个元素，如果存在，替换
/* Add an element, discarding the old if the key already exists.
 * Return 1 if the key was added from scratch, 0 if there was already an
 * element with such key and dictReplace() just performed a value update
 * operation. */
int dictReplace(dict *d, void *key, void *val)
{
    dictEntry *entry, auxentry;

    /* Try to add the element. If the key
     * does not exists dictAdd will suceed. */
    if (dictAdd(d, key, val) == DICT_OK)
        return 1;
    /* It already exists, get the entry */
    entry = dictFind(d, key);
    /* Free the old value and set the new one */
    /* Set the new value and free the old one. Note that it is important
     * to do that in this order, as the value may just be exactly the same
     * as the previous one. In this context, think to reference counting,
     * you want to increment (set), and then decrement (free), and not the
     * reverse. */
    auxentry = *entry;
    dictSetHashVal(d, entry, val);
    dictFreeEntryVal(d, &auxentry);
    return 0;
}

//删除一个元素
/* Search and remove an element */
static int dictGenericDelete(dict *d, const void *key, int nofree)
{
    unsigned int h, idx;
    dictEntry *he, *prevHe;
    int table;

    if (d->ht[0].size == 0) return DICT_ERR; /* d->ht[0].table is NULL */
    if (dictIsRehashing(d)) _dictRehashStep(d);
    h = dictHashKey(d, key);

    for (table = 0; table <= 1; table++) {
        idx = h & d->ht[table].sizemask;
        he = d->ht[table].table[idx];
        prevHe = NULL;
        while(he) {
            if (dictCompareHashKeys(d, key, he->key)) {
                /* Unlink the element from the list */
                if (prevHe)
                    prevHe->next = he->next;
                else
                    d->ht[table].table[idx] = he->next;
                if (!nofree) {
                    dictFreeEntryKey(d, he);
                    dictFreeEntryVal(d, he);
                }
                zfree(he);
                d->ht[table].used--;
                return DICT_OK;
            }
            prevHe = he;
            he = he->next;
        }
        if (!dictIsRehashing(d)) break;
    }
    return DICT_ERR; /* not found */
}

//删除ht中的一个元素
int dictDelete(dict *ht, const void *key) {
    return dictGenericDelete(ht,key,0);
}

//删除一个袁术，不释放old键值对的空间
int dictDeleteNoFree(dict *ht, const void *key) {
    return dictGenericDelete(ht,key,1);
}

//释放d中的dictht ht及其中所有的keyvalue对
/* Destroy an entire dictionary */
int _dictClear(dict *d, dictht *ht)
{
    unsigned long i;

    /* Free all the elements */
    for (i = 0; i < ht->size && ht->used > 0; i++) {
        dictEntry *he, *nextHe;

        if ((he = ht->table[i]) == NULL) continue;
        while(he) {
            nextHe = he->next;
            dictFreeEntryKey(d, he);
            dictFreeEntryVal(d, he);
            zfree(he);
            ht->used--;
            he = nextHe;
        }
    }
    /* Free the table and the allocated cache structure */
    zfree(ht->table);
    /* Re-initialize the table */
    _dictReset(ht);
    return DICT_OK; /* never fails */
}

//释放整个哈希表
/* Clear & Release the hash table */
void dictRelease(dict *d)
{
    _dictClear(d,&d->ht[0]);
    _dictClear(d,&d->ht[1]);
    zfree(d);
}

//找到key所在的entry
dictEntry *dictFind(dict *d, const void *key)
{
    dictEntry *he;
    unsigned int h, idx, table;

    if (d->ht[0].size == 0) return NULL; /* We don't have a table at all */
    if (dictIsRehashing(d)) _dictRehashStep(d);
    h = dictHashKey(d, key);
    for (table = 0; table <= 1; table++) {
        idx = h & d->ht[table].sizemask;
        he = d->ht[table].table[idx];
        while(he) {
            if (dictCompareHashKeys(d, key, he->key))
                return he;
            he = he->next;
        }
        if (!dictIsRehashing(d)) return NULL;
    }
    return NULL;
}

//拿到key的value，如果不存在，返回NULL
void *dictFetchValue(dict *d, const void *key) {
    dictEntry *he;

    he = dictFind(d,key);
    return he ? dictGetEntryVal(he) : NULL;
}

//拿到dict的iterator
dictIterator *dictGetIterator(dict *d)
{
    dictIterator *iter = zmalloc(sizeof(*iter));

    iter->d = d;
    iter->table = 0;
    iter->index = -1;
    iter->safe = 0;
    iter->entry = NULL;
    iter->nextEntry = NULL;
    return iter;
}

//得到safe的iterator
//如果iterator是safe的，则可以进行修改操作，否则，只能执行dictNext
dictIterator *dictGetSafeIterator(dict *d) {
    dictIterator *i = dictGetIterator(d);

    i->safe = 1;
    return i;
}

//得到iter的下一个元素
dictEntry *dictNext(dictIterator *iter)
{
    while (1) {
        if (iter->entry == NULL) {
            dictht *ht = &iter->d->ht[iter->table];
            if (iter->safe && iter->index == -1 && iter->table == 0)
                iter->d->iterators++;
            iter->index++;
            if (iter->index >= (signed) ht->size) {
                if (dictIsRehashing(iter->d) && iter->table == 0) {
                    iter->table++;
                    iter->index = 0;
                    ht = &iter->d->ht[1];
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
            iter->entry = ht->table[iter->index];
        } else {
            iter->entry = iter->nextEntry;
        }
        if (iter->entry) {
            /* We need to save the 'next' here, the iterator user
             * may delete the entry we are returning. */
            iter->nextEntry = iter->entry->next;
            return iter->entry;
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

//释放哈希表的iterator
void dictReleaseIterator(dictIterator *iter)
{
    if (iter->safe && !(iter->index == -1 && iter->table == 0))
        iter->d->iterators--;
    zfree(iter);
}

/* Return a random entry from the hash table. Useful to
 * implement randomized algorithms */
 //得到一个随机key
dictEntry *dictGetRandomKey(dict *d)
{
    dictEntry *he, *orighe;
    unsigned int h;
    int listlen, listele;

    if (dictSize(d) == 0) return NULL;
    if (dictIsRehashing(d)) _dictRehashStep(d);
    if (dictIsRehashing(d)) {
        do {
            h = random() % (d->ht[0].size+d->ht[1].size);
            he = (h >= d->ht[0].size) ? d->ht[1].table[h - d->ht[0].size] :
                                      d->ht[0].table[h];
        } while(he == NULL);
    } else {
        do {
            h = random() & d->ht[0].sizemask;
            he = d->ht[0].table[h];
        } while(he == NULL);
    }

    /* Now we found a non empty bucket, but it is a linked
     * list and we need to get a random element from the list.
     * The only sane way to do so is counting the elements and
     * select a random index. */
    listlen = 0;
    orighe = he;
    while(he) {
        he = he->next;
        listlen++;
    }
    listele = random() % listlen;
    he = orighe;
    while(listele--) he = he->next;
    return he;
}

/* ------------------------- private functions ------------------------------ */

/* Expand the hash table if needed */
//如果哈希表需要resize，则执行dictexpand
static int _dictExpandIfNeeded(dict *d)
{
    /* Incremental rehashing already in progress. Return. */
    if (dictIsRehashing(d)) return DICT_OK;

    /* If the hash table is empty expand it to the intial size. */
    if (d->ht[0].size == 0) return dictExpand(d, DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE);

    /* If we reached the 1:1 ratio, and we are allowed to resize the hash
     * table (global setting) or we should avoid it but the ratio between
     * elements/buckets is over the "safe" threshold, we resize doubling
     * the number of buckets. */
    if (d->ht[0].used >= d->ht[0].size &&
        (dict_can_resize ||
         d->ht[0].used/d->ht[0].size > dict_force_resize_ratio))
    {
        return dictExpand(d, ((d->ht[0].size > d->ht[0].used) ?
                                    d->ht[0].size : d->ht[0].used)*2);
    }
    return DICT_OK;
}

//根据size，得到比size大的最小的一个2的幂次数作为新哈希表的size值
/* Our hash table capability is a power of two */
static unsigned long _dictNextPower(unsigned long size)
{
    unsigned long i = DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE;

    if (size >= LONG_MAX) return LONG_MAX;
    while(1) {
        if (i >= size)
            return i;
        i *= 2;
    }
}


//返回key在d中所在的index值，如果已经存在，则返回-1，否则返回所在entry的index值
/* Returns the index of a free slot that can be populated with
 * an hash entry for the given 'key'.
 * If the key already exists, -1 is returned.
 *
 * Note that if we are in the process of rehashing the hash table, the
 * index is always returned in the context of the second (new) hash table. */
static int _dictKeyIndex(dict *d, const void *key)
{
    unsigned int h, idx, table;
    dictEntry *he;

    /* Expand the hashtable if needed */
    if (_dictExpandIfNeeded(d) == DICT_ERR)
        return -1;
    /* Compute the key hash value */
    h = dictHashKey(d, key);
    for (table = 0; table <= 1; table++) {
        idx = h & d->ht[table].sizemask;
        /* Search if this slot does not already contain the given key */
        he = d->ht[table].table[idx];
        while(he) {
            if (dictCompareHashKeys(d, key, he->key))
                return -1;
            he = he->next;
        }
        if (!dictIsRehashing(d)) break;
    }
    return idx;
}

//清空哈希表d
void dictEmpty(dict *d) {
    _dictClear(d,&d->ht[0]);
    _dictClear(d,&d->ht[1]);
    d->rehashidx = -1;
    d->iterators = 0;
}

#define DICT_STATS_VECTLEN 50
static void _dictPrintStatsHt(dictht *ht) {
    unsigned long i, slots = 0, chainlen, maxchainlen = 0;
    unsigned long totchainlen = 0;
    unsigned long clvector[DICT_STATS_VECTLEN];

    if (ht->used == 0) {
        printf("No stats available for empty dictionaries\n");
        return;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < DICT_STATS_VECTLEN; i++) clvector[i] = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < ht->size; i++) {
        dictEntry *he;

        if (ht->table[i] == NULL) {
            clvector[0]++;
            continue;
        }
        slots++;
        /* For each hash entry on this slot... */
        chainlen = 0;
        he = ht->table[i];
        while(he) {
            chainlen++;
            he = he->next;
        }
        clvector[(chainlen < DICT_STATS_VECTLEN) ? chainlen : (DICT_STATS_VECTLEN-1)]++;
        if (chainlen > maxchainlen) maxchainlen = chainlen;
        totchainlen += chainlen;
    }
    printf("Hash table stats:\n");
    printf(" table size: %ld\n", ht->size);
    printf(" number of elements: %ld\n", ht->used);
    printf(" different slots: %ld\n", slots);
    printf(" max chain length: %ld\n", maxchainlen);
    printf(" avg chain length (counted): %.02f\n", (float)totchainlen/slots);
    printf(" avg chain length (computed): %.02f\n", (float)ht->used/slots);
    printf(" Chain length distribution:\n");
    for (i = 0; i < DICT_STATS_VECTLEN-1; i++) {
        if (clvector[i] == 0) continue;
        printf("   %s%ld: %ld (%.02f%%)\n",(i == DICT_STATS_VECTLEN-1)?">= ":"", i, clvector[i], ((float)clvector[i]/ht->size)*100);
    }
}

void dictPrintStats(dict *d) {
    _dictPrintStatsHt(&d->ht[0]);
    if (dictIsRehashing(d)) {
        printf("-- Rehashing into ht[1]:\n");
        _dictPrintStatsHt(&d->ht[1]);
    }
}

//打开rehashing的开关，允许条件满足时执行hashExpanding
void dictEnableResize(void) {
    dict_can_resize = 1;
}

void dictDisableResize(void) {
    dict_can_resize = 0;
}

#if 0

/* The following are just example hash table types implementations.
 * Not useful for Redis so they are commented out.
 */

/* ----------------------- StringCopy Hash Table Type ------------------------*/

static unsigned int _dictStringCopyHTHashFunction(const void *key)
{
    return dictGenHashFunction(key, strlen(key));
}

static void *_dictStringDup(void *privdata, const void *key)
{
    int len = strlen(key);
    char *copy = zmalloc(len+1);
    DICT_NOTUSED(privdata);

    memcpy(copy, key, len);
    copy[len] = '\0';
    return copy;
}

static int _dictStringCopyHTKeyCompare(void *privdata, const void *key1,
        const void *key2)
{
    DICT_NOTUSED(privdata);

    return strcmp(key1, key2) == 0;
}

static void _dictStringDestructor(void *privdata, void *key)
{
    DICT_NOTUSED(privdata);

    zfree(key);
}

dictType dictTypeHeapStringCopyKey = {
    _dictStringCopyHTHashFunction, /* hash function */
    _dictStringDup,                /* key dup */
    NULL,                          /* val dup */
    _dictStringCopyHTKeyCompare,   /* key compare */
    _dictStringDestructor,         /* key destructor */
    NULL                           /* val destructor */
};

/* This is like StringCopy but does not auto-duplicate the key.
 * It's used for intepreter's shared strings. */
dictType dictTypeHeapStrings = {
    _dictStringCopyHTHashFunction, /* hash function */
    NULL,                          /* key dup */
    NULL,                          /* val dup */
    _dictStringCopyHTKeyCompare,   /* key compare */
    _dictStringDestructor,         /* key destructor */
    NULL                           /* val destructor */
};

/* This is like StringCopy but also automatically handle dynamic
 * allocated C strings as values. */
dictType dictTypeHeapStringCopyKeyValue = {
    _dictStringCopyHTHashFunction, /* hash function */
    _dictStringDup,                /* key dup */
    _dictStringDup,                /* val dup */
    _dictStringCopyHTKeyCompare,   /* key compare */
    _dictStringDestructor,         /* key destructor */
    _dictStringDestructor,         /* val destructor */
};
#endif