C#泛型集合类介绍之Dictionary<TKey,TValue>(转载)
作者:txw1958
原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/txw1958/archive/2012/11/07/csharp-dictionary.html
说明
必须包含名空间System.Collection.Generic
Dictionary里面的每一个元素都是一个键值对(由二个元素组成:键和值)
键必须是唯一的,而值不需要唯一的
键和值都可以是任何类型(比如:string, int, 自定义类型,等等)
通过一个键读取一个值的时间是接近O(1)
键值对之间的偏序可以不定义
使用方法:
//定义 Dictionary<string, string> openWith = new Dictionary<string, string>();
//添加元素 openWith.Add("txt", "notepad.exe"); openWith.Add("bmp", "paint.exe"); openWith.Add("dib", "paint.exe"); openWith.Add("rtf", "wordpad.exe");
//取值 Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.", openWith["rtf"]);
//更改值 openWith["rtf"] = "winword.exe"; Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.", openWith["rtf"]);
//遍历key foreach (string key in openWith.Keys) { Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}", key); }
//遍历value foreach (string value in openWith.Values) { Console.WriteLine("value = {0}", value); } //遍历value, Second Method Dictionary<string, string>.ValueCollection valueColl = openWith.Values; foreach (string s in valueColl) { Console.WriteLine("Second Method, Value = {0}", s); }
//遍历字典 foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> kvp in openWith) { Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}", kvp.Key, kvp.Value); }
//添加存在的元素 try { openWith.Add("txt", "winword.exe"); } catch (ArgumentException) { Console.WriteLine("An element with Key = \"txt\" already exists."); }
//删除元素 openWith.Remove("doc"); if (!openWith.ContainsKey("doc")) { Console.WriteLine("Key \"doc\" is not found."); }
//判断键存在 if (openWith.ContainsKey("bmp")) // True { Console.WriteLine("An element with Key = \"bmp\" exists."); }
参数为其它类型
//参数为其它类型 Dictionary<int, string[]> OtherType = new Dictionary<int, string[]>(); OtherType.Add(1, "1,11,111".Split(',')); OtherType.Add(2, "2,22,222".Split(',')); Console.WriteLine(OtherType[1][2]);
参数为自定义类型
首先定义类
class DouCube { public int Code { get { return _Code; } set { _Code = value; } } private int _Code; public string Page { get { return _Page; } set { _Page = value; } } private string _Page; }
然后
//声明并添加元素 Dictionary<int, DouCube> MyType = new Dictionary<int, DouCube>(); for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++) { DouCube element = new DouCube(); element.Code = i * 100; element.Page = "http://www.doucube.com/" + i.ToString() + ".html"; MyType.Add(i, element); }
//遍历元素 foreach (KeyValuePair<int, DouCube> kvp in MyType) { Console.WriteLine("Index {0} Code:{1} Page:{2}", kvp.Key, kvp.Value.Code, kvp.Value.Page); }
常用属性
名称 说明
Comparer 获取用于确定字典中的键是否相等的 IEqualityComparer<T>。
Count 获取包含在 Dictionary<TKey, TValue> 中的键/值对的数目。
Item 获取或设置与指定的键相关联的值。
Keys 获取包含 Dictionary<TKey, TValue> 中的键的集合。
Values 获取包含 Dictionary<TKey, TValue> 中的值的集合。
常用方法
名称 说明
Add 将指定的键和值添加到字典中。
Clear 从 Dictionary<TKey, TValue> 中移除所有的键和值。
ContainsKey 确定 Dictionary<TKey, TValue> 是否包含指定的键。
ContainsValue 确定 Dictionary<TKey, TValue> 是否包含特定值。
Equals(Object) 确定指定的 Object 是否等于当前的 Object。 (继承自 Object。)
Finalize 允许对象在“垃圾回收”回收之前尝试释放资源并执行其他清理操作。 (继承自 Object。)
GetEnumerator 返回循环访问 Dictionary<TKey, TValue> 的枚举器。
GetHashCode 用作特定类型的哈希函数。 (继承自 Object。)
GetObjectData 实现 System.Runtime.Serialization.ISerializable 接口,并返回序列化 Dictionary<TKey, TValue> 实例所需的数据。
GetType 获取当前实例的 Type。 (继承自 Object。)
MemberwiseClone 创建当前 Object 的浅表副本。 (继承自 Object。)
OnDeserialization 实现 System.Runtime.Serialization.ISerializable 接口,并在完成反序列化之后引发反序列化事件。
Remove 从 Dictionary<TKey, TValue> 中移除所指定的键的值。
ToString 返回表示当前对象的字符串。 (继承自 Object。)
TryGetValue 获取与指定的键相关联的值。
看一个练习,有一段英文文章,单词之间以空格分隔,写一段程序统计出文章中每个单词出现的次数
You are also more likely to maintain a healthy weight Multiple studies have found that men and women tend to pack on the pounds after they get married One study found that married men are more likely to be overweight than their single peers while another found that women who lost weight in preparation for their weddings had a tendency to gain weight in the six months following the ceremony
代码如下:

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace wordCounts { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string str = "You are also more likely to maintain a healthy weight Multiple studies have found that men and women tend to pack on the pounds after they get married One study found that married men are more likely to be overweight than their single peers while another found that women who lost weight in preparation for their weddings had a tendency to gain weight in the six months following the ceremony"; Dictionary<string, int> dic = new Dictionary<string, int>(); string[] strWords = str.Split(' '); foreach(string strTemp in strWords) { if(!dic.Keys.Contains(strTemp)) { dic.Add(strTemp,1); } else { int nCount = dic[strTemp]; nCount++; dic[strTemp] = nCount; } } foreach(string strWord in dic.Keys) { Console.WriteLine("单词{0}出现了{1}次", strWord, dic[strWord]); } } } }
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