Python3自动化运维之Fabric模版详解
一、概要
Fabric是基于Python(2.7,3.4+以上版本)实现的SSH命令行工具,简化了SSH的应用程序部署及系统管理任务,它提供了系统基础的操作组件,可以实现本地或远程shell命令,包括命令执行、文件上传、下载及完整执行日志输出等功能。Fabric在paramiko的基础上做了更高一层的封装,操作起来会更加简单。 Fabric官网地址为:http://www.fabfile.org/。
二、Fabric安装
Mac os及CentOS 安装
pip3 install fabric3
Ubuntu安装
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~$ python --version Python 3.6.5 devops@devops-virtual-machine:~$ pip3 install fabric3
详细请参阅官方文档
三、官方提供了一个简单的入门实例
参考官方资料:https://github.com/fabric/fabric/tree/1.13.1
http://www.fabfile.org/changelog-v1.html?highlight=1.x
https://github.com/mathiasertl/fabric/
#!/usr/bin/env python from fabric.api import run
#定义一个任务函数,通过run方法实现远程执行"uname -s"命令 def host_type(): run('uname -s')
运行结果
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ fab -H localhost host_type [localhost] Executing task 'host_type' [localhost] run: uname -s [localhost] Login password for 'devops': [localhost] out: Linux [localhost] out: Done. Disconnecting from localhost... done.
其中,fab命令引用文件名fabfile.py,如果使用非默认文件名称,则需要通过"-f"来指定,示例:
fab -H localhost -f host_type.py host_type
如果目标主机未配置密钥认证信任,将会提示输入目标主机对应账号登录密码。
四、fab常用参数
官方文档:http://docs.fabfile.org/en/1.14/
fab作为Fabric程序的命令行入口,提供了丰富的参数调用,命令格式如下:
fab [options] <command>[:arg1,arg2-val2,host=foo,host='h1;h2'...]...
常用参数介绍。更多参数可使用fab -help查看。
- -l:显示定义好的任务函数名;
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ fab -l Available commands: host_type
- -f:指定fab入口文件,默认入口文件名为fabfile.py;
- -g:指定网关(中转)设备,比如堡垒机环境,填写堡垒机IP即可;
- -H:指定目标主机,多态主机用","号分隔;
- -P:以异步并行方式运行多主机任务,默认为串行运行;
- -R:指定role(角色),以角色名区分不同业务组设备;
- -t:设置设备连接超时时间(秒);
- -T:设置远程主机命令执行超时时间(秒);
- -w:当命令执行失败,发出警告,而非默认中止任务。
直接使用命令行执行远程操作,示例:
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ fab -p 1234567 -H localhost -- 'uname -s' [localhost] Executing task '<remainder>' [localhost] run: uname -s [localhost] out: Linux [localhost] out: Done. Disconnecting from localhost... done.
五、fabfile的编写
fab命令好似结合我们编写的fabfile.py(其它文件名必须添加-f filename应用)来搭配使用的,部分命令行参数可以通过相应的方法来替代,使之更加灵活,例如"-H 192.168.56.133,192.168.56.134",我们可以通过定义env.hosts来实现,如"env.hosts=['192.168.56.133,192.168.56.134']"。fabfile的主体由多个自定义的任务函数组成,不同任务实现不同的操作逻辑。
全局属性设定
env对象的作用是定义fabfile的全局设定,支持多个属性,包含目标主机、用户名、密码、等角色,各属性说明如下:
- evn.host:定义目标主机,可以用IP或主机名表示,以Python的列表形式定义,如evn.hosts['192.168.56.133','192.168.56.134']。
- env.exclude_hosts:排除指定主机,如env.exclude_hosts=['192.168.56.133']。
- env.user:定义用户名,如env.user="root"。
- env.port:定义目标主机端口,默认为22,如env.port="22"。
- env.password:定义密码,如env.password='1234567'。
- env.passwords:与password功能一样,区别在于不同主机不同密码的应用场景,需要注意的是,配置passwords是需配置用户、主机、端口等信息,如:
env.passwords = { 'root@192.168.56.131:22':'1234567', 'root@192.168.56.132:22':'1234567', 'root@192.168.56.133:22':'1234567', 'root@192.168.56.134:22':'1234567' }
- env.gateway:定义网关(中转、堡垒机)IP,如env.gateway = '192.168.56.1'。
- env.deploy_release_dir:自定义全局变量,格式:env.+"变量名称",如env.deploy_release_dir、env.age、env.sex等。
- env.roledefs:定义角色分组,比如web组与db组主机区分开来,定义如下:
env.roledefs = { 'webservers':['192.168.56.131','192.168.56.132','192.168.56.133'], 'dbserver':['192.168.56.134','192.168.56.135'] }
引用时使用Python修饰符的形式进行,角色修饰符下面的任务函数为其作用域,下面来看一个示例:
@roles('webservers') def webtask(): run('/etc/init.d/nginx start') @roles('dbservers') def dbtask(): run('/etc/init.d/mysql start') @roles('webservers','dbservers') def pubclitasj(): run('uptime') def deploy(): execute(webtask) execute(dbtask) execute(pubclitask)
在命令执行fab deploy就可以实现不同角色执行不同的任务函数了。
常用API
Fabric提供了一组简单但功能强大的fabric.api命令集,简单地调用这些API就能完成大部分应用场景需求。Fabric常用方法及说明如下:
- local:执行本地命令,如:local('uname -s');
- lcd:切换本地目录,如:lcd('/home');
- cd:切换远程目录,如:cd('/data/logs');
- run:执行远程命令,如:run('free -m');
- sudo:sudo方式执行远程命令,如:sudo('/etc/init.d/httpd start');
- put:上传本地文件到远程主机,如:put('/home/user.info','/data/user.info');
- prompt:获得用户输入信息,如:prompt('please input user password:');
- confirm:获得提示信息确认,如:confirm("Tests failed. Continue[Y/N]?");
- reboot:重启远程主机,如:reboot();
- @task:函数修饰符,标识的函数为fab可调用的,非标记对fab不可见,纯业务逻辑;
- runs_once:函数修复符,标识的函数只会执行一次,不受多台主机影响。
六、示例一:查看本地与远程主机信息
查看本地信息
本示例调用local()方法执行本地(主控端)命令,添加"@runs_once"修饰符保证该任务函数只执行一次。调用run()方法执行远程命令。
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ pwd /home/devops/devops devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ cat simple1.py #!/usr/bin/env python from fabric.api import * env.user = 'devops' env.hosts = ['localhost'] env.password = '1234567' @runs_once #查看本地系统信息,当有多台主机时只运行一次 def local_task(): #本地任务函数 local("uname -a")
通过fab命令调用local_task任务函数运行结果如下:
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ fab -f simple1.py local_task [localhost] Executing task 'local_task' [localhost] local: uname -a Linux devops-virtual-machine 4.15.0-20-generic #21-Ubuntu SMP Tue Apr 24 06:16:15 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Done.
查看远程主机信息
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ cat simple2.py #!/usr/bin/env python from fabric.api import * env.user = 'root' env.hosts = ['192.168.56.11'] env.password = '1234567' def remote_task(): with cd('/root'): #"with"的作用是让后面的表达式的语句继承当前状态,实现"cd /root/ && ls -l'的效果 run('ls -l')
调用remote_task任务函数运行结果如下:
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ fab -f simple2.py remote_task [192.168.56.11] Executing task 'remote_task' [192.168.56.11] run: ls -l [192.168.56.11] out: total 4 [192.168.56.11] out: -rw-------. 1 root root 1273 May 29 11:47 anaconda-ks.cfg [192.168.56.11] out: Done. Disconnecting from 192.168.56.11... done.
七、示例二:动态获取远程目录列表
本示例使用"@task'修复符标志入口函数go()对外部可见,配合"@runs_once"修饰符接受用户输入,最后调用worktask()任务函数实现远程命令执行。
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ cat simple3.py #!/usr/bin/env python from fabric.api import * env.user = 'root' env.hosts = ['192.168.56.11','192.168.56.12'] env.password = '1234567' @runs_once #主机遍历过程中,只有第一台触发此函数 def input_raw(): return prompt("Please input directory name:",default="/home") def worktask(dirname): run("ls -l "+dirname) @task #限定只有go函数对fab命令可见 def go(): getdirname = input_raw() worktask(getdirname)
该示例实现了一个动态输入远程目录名称,再获取目录列表的功能,由于我们只要求输入一次,在显示所有主机上该目录的列表信息,调用一个子函数input_raw()同时配置@runs_once修复符来达到此目的。
执行结果如下:
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ fab -f simple3.py go [192.168.56.11] Executing task 'go' Please input directory name: [/home] /root [192.168.56.11] run: ls -l /root [192.168.56.11] out: total 4 [192.168.56.11] out: -rw-------. 1 root root 1273 May 29 11:47 anaconda-ks.cfg [192.168.56.11] out: [192.168.56.12] Executing task 'go' [192.168.56.12] run: ls -l /root [192.168.56.12] out: total 4 [192.168.56.12] out: -rw-------. 1 root root 1273 May 29 11:59 anaconda-ks.cfg [192.168.56.12] out: Done. Disconnecting from 192.168.56.11... done. Disconnecting from 192.168.56.12... done.
八、示例三:网关模式文件上传与执行
本示例通过Fabric的env对象定义网关模式,即俗称的中转、堡垒机环境。定义格式为"env.gateway='192.168.56.11'",其中IP“192.168.56.11”为堡垒机IP,再结合任务韩素实现目标主机文件上传与执行的操作。
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/home/install$ cat /home/devops/devops/simple4.py #!/usr/bin/env python from fabric.api import * from fabric.context_managers import * from fabric.contrib.console import confirm env.user = 'root' env.gateway = '192.168.56.11' #定义堡垒机IP,作为文件上传、执行的中转设备 env.hosts = ['192.168.56.12','192.168.56.13'] env.passwords = { 'root@192.168.56.11:22':'1234567', #堡垒机账号信息 'root@192.168.56.12:22':'1234567', 'root@192.168.56.13:22':'1234567' } l_pack_path = "/home/install/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz" #本地安装包路径 r_pack_path = "/tmp/install" #远程安装包路径 @task def put_task(): run("mkdir -p /tmp/install") with settings(warn_only=True): result = put(l_pack_path,r_pack_path) #上传安装包 if result.failed and not confirm("put file failed, Continue[Y/N]?"): abort("Aborint file put task!") @task def run_task(): #执行远程命令,安装nginx with cd(r_pack_path): run("tar -xvf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz") with cd("nginx-1.6.3/"): #使用with继续继承/tmp/install目录位置状态 run("./nginx_install.sh") @task def go(): #上传、安装 put_task() run_task()
执行命令fab -f simple4.py go。运行结果如下:
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ fab -f simple4.py go [192.168.56.12] Executing task 'go' [192.168.56.12] run: mkdir -p /tmp/install [192.168.56.12] put: /home/install/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz -> /tmp/install/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz [192.168.56.12] run: tar -xvf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz ..... ..... ..... [192.168.56.12] out: cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default' [192.168.56.12] out: test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs' [192.168.56.12] out: test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs' [192.168.56.12] out: test -d '/usr/local/nginx/html' || cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx' [192.168.56.12] out: test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs' [192.168.56.12] out: make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/install/nginx-1.6.3' [192.168.56.12] out: nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok [192.168.56.12] out: nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [192.168.56.12] out: [192.168.56.13] Executing task 'go' [192.168.56.13] run: mkdir -p /tmp/install [192.168.56.13] put: /home/install/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz -> /tmp/install/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz [192.168.56.13] run: tar -xvf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz .... .... .... [192.168.56.13] out: cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default' [192.168.56.13] out: test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs' [192.168.56.13] out: test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs' [192.168.56.13] out: test -d '/usr/local/nginx/html' || cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx' [192.168.56.13] out: test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs' [192.168.56.13] out: make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/install/nginx-1.6.3' [192.168.56.13] out: nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok [192.168.56.13] out: nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [192.168.56.13] out: Done. Disconnecting from 192.168.56.11... done. Disconnecting from 192.168.56.12... done. Disconnecting from 192.168.56.13... done.
执行命令fab -Pf simple4.py go。运行结果如下:
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ fab -Pf simple4.py go [192.168.56.12] Executing task 'go' [192.168.56.13] Executing task 'go' [192.168.56.12] run: mkdir -p /tmp/install [192.168.56.13] run: mkdir -p /tmp/install [192.168.56.12] put: /home/install/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz -> /tmp/install/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz [192.168.56.13] put: /home/install/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz -> /tmp/install/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz [192.168.56.12] run: tar -xvf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz .... .... .... [192.168.56.12] out: nginx-1.6.3/html/index.html [192.168.56.12] out: nginx-1.6.3/README [192.168.56.12] out: nginx-1.6.3/nginx_install.sh [192.168.56.12] out: nginx-1.6.3/configure [192.168.56.12] out: [192.168.56.12] run: ./nginx_install.sh [192.168.56.13] run: tar -xvf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz [192.168.56.13] out: nginx-1.6.3/ [192.168.56.13] out: nginx-1.6.3/src/ .... .... .... [192.168.56.12] out: make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/install/nginx-1.6.3' [192.168.56.12] out: nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok [192.168.56.12] out: nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [192.168.56.12] out: .... .... ... [192.168.56.13] out: make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/install/nginx-1.6.3' [192.168.56.13] out: nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok [192.168.56.13] out: nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [192.168.56.13] out:
九、示例四:文件打包、上传与校验
我们时常做一些文件包分发的工作,实施步骤一般是先压缩打包,在批量上传至目标服务器,最后做一致性校验。本示例通过put()方法实现文件的上传,通过对比本地与远程主机文件的md5,最终实现文件一致性校验。
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ cat simple5.py #!/usr/bin/env python from fabric.api import * from fabric.context_managers import * from fabric.contrib.console import confirm env.user = 'root' env.hosts = ['192.168.56.12','192.168.56.13'] env.passwords = { 'root@192.168.56.12:22':'1234567', 'root@192.168.56.13:22':'1234567', } @runs_once def tar_task(): #本地打包任务函数,只执行一次 with lcd('/home/devops/devops'): local("tar -zcf devops.tar.gz *") @task def put_task(): #上传文件任务函数 run("mkdir -p /root/devops") with cd("/root/devops"): with settings(warn_only=True): #put(上传)出现异常时继续执行,非终止 result = put("/home/devops/devops/devops.tar.gz","/root/devops/devops.tar.gz") if result.failed and not confirm("put file failed.Continue[Y/N]?"): abort("Aborting file put task!") #出现异常时,确认用户是否继续,(Y继续) @task def check_task(): #校验文件任务函数 with settings(warn_only=True): #本地local命令需要配置capture=True才能捕获返回值 lmd5 = local("md5sum /home/devops/devops/devops.tar.gz",capture=True).split(' ')[0] rmd5 = run("md5sum /root/devops/devops.tar.gz").split(' ')[0] if lmd5 == rmd5: #对比本地及远程文件md5信息 prompt("OK") else: prompt("ERROR") @task def go(): tar_task() put_task() check_task()
执行命令fab -f simple5.py go。运行结果如下:(提示此程序不支持-P参数并行执行、如需并行执行,程序需要做调整)
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ fab -f simple5.py go [192.168.56.12] Executing task 'go' [localhost] local: tar -zcf devops.tar.gz * [192.168.56.12] run: mkdir -p /root/devops [192.168.56.12] put: /home/devops/devops/devops.tar.gz -> /root/devops/devops.tar.gz [localhost] local: md5sum /home/devops/devops/devops.tar.gz [192.168.56.12] run: md5sum /root/devops/devops.tar.gz [192.168.56.12] out: a1cf2be82647cbed0d41514bd80373de /root/devops/devops.tar.gz [192.168.56.12] out: OK [192.168.56.13] Executing task 'go' [192.168.56.13] run: mkdir -p /root/devops [192.168.56.13] put: /home/devops/devops/devops.tar.gz -> /root/devops/devops.tar.gz [localhost] local: md5sum /home/devops/devops/devops.tar.gz [192.168.56.13] run: md5sum /root/devops/devops.tar.gz [192.168.56.13] out: a1cf2be82647cbed0d41514bd80373de /root/devops/devops.tar.gz [192.168.56.13] out: OK Done. Disconnecting from 192.168.56.12... done. Disconnecting from 192.168.56.13... done.
十、示例五:部署LNMP业务服务环境
本示例通过env.roledefs定义不同主机角色,在使用"@roles('webservers')"修复符绑定到对应的任务函数,实现不同角色主机的部署差异。
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ cat simple6.py #!/usr/bin/env python from fabric.colors import * from fabric.api import * env.user = 'root' env.roledefs = { 'webservers':['192.168.56.11','192.168.56.12'], 'dbservers':['192.168.56.13'] } env.passwords = { 'root@192.168.56.11:22':'1234567', 'root@192.168.56.12:22':'1234567', 'root@192.168.56.13:22':'1234567', } @roles('webservers') #使用webtask任务函数引用'webservers'角色修复符 def webtask(): print(yellow('Install nginx php php-fpm...')) with settings(warn_only=True): run("yum -y install nginx") run("yum -y install php-fpm php-mysql php-mbstring php-xml php-mcrypt php-gd") run("chkconfig --levels 235 php-fpm on") run("chkconfig --levels 235 nginx on") @roles('dbservers') #dbtask任务函数引用'dbservers'角色修复符 def dbtask(): print(yellow("Install Mysql...")) with settings(warn_only=True): run("yum -y install mysql mysql-server") run("chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on") @roles('webservers','dbservers') #publictask任务函数同时引用两个角色修复符 def publictask(): #部署公共类环境,如epel、ntp等 print(yellow("Install epel ntp....")) with settings(warn_only=True): run("wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo") run("yum -y install ntp") def deploy(): execute(publictask) execute(webtask) execute(dbtask)
执行命令fab -Pf simple6.py deploy
devops@devops-virtual-machine:~/devops$ fab -Pf simple6.py deploy [192.168.56.11] Executing task 'publictask' [192.168.56.12] Executing task 'publictask' [192.168.56.13] Executing task 'publictask' Install epel ntp.... [192.168.56.13] run: wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo Install epel ntp.... [192.168.56.12] run: wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo Install epel ntp.... [192.168.56.11] run: wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo [192.168.56.12] out: --2018-06-23 20:32:30-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo [192.168.56.11] out: --2018-06-23 20:32:30-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo [192.168.56.13] out: --2018-06-23 20:32:30-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo .... [192.168.56.13] run: yum -y install ntp [192.168.56.12] run: yum -y install ntp [192.168.56.11] run: yum -y install ntp .... .... .... [192.168.56.11] Executing task 'webtask' [192.168.56.12] Executing task 'webtask' Install nginx php php-fpm... [192.168.56.11] run: yum -y install nginx Install nginx php php-fpm... [192.168.56.12] run: yum -y install nginx .... .... .... [192.168.56.13] Executing task 'dbtask' Install Mysql... [192.168.56.13] run: rpm -ivh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm ..... ..... ..... [192.168.56.13] run: chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on Done.
十一、生产环境代码包发布管理
程序生产环境的发布是业务上线的最后一个环境,要求具备源码打包、发布、切换、回滚、版本管理等功能。本示例实现了这一套流程功能,其中版本切换与回滚使用了Linux下的软链接实现。
#!/usr/local/env python from fabric.api import * from fabric.colors import * from fabric.context_managers import * from fabric.contrib.console import confirm import time env.user = 'root' env.host = ['192.168.56.12','192.168.56.13'] env.passwords = { 'root@192.168.56.12:22':'1234567', 'root@192.168.56.13:22':'1234567', } env.project_dev_source = '/data/dev/Lwebadmin/' #开发服务器项目主目录 env.project_tar_source = '/data/dev/releases/' #开发服务器项目压缩包存储目录 env.project_pack_name = 'release' #项目压缩包前缀,文件名为release.tar.gz env.deploy_project_root = '/data/www/Lwebadmin/' #项目生产环境主目录 env.deploy_release_dir = 'releases' #项目发布目录,位于主目录下面 env.deploy_current_dir = 'current' #对外服务的当前版本软链接 env.deploy_version = time.strftime("%Y%m%d")+"v2" #版本号 @runs_once def input_versionid(): #获得用户输入的版本号,以便做版本回滚操作 return prompt("Please input project rollback version ID:",default="") @task @runs_once def tar_source(): #打包本地项目主目录,并将压缩包存储到本地压缩包目录 prompt(yellow("Creating source package....")) with lcd(env.project_dev_source): local("tar -zcf %s.tar.gz ." %(env.project_tar_source + env.project_pack_name)) prompt(green("Creating source package success!")) @task def put_package(): #上传任务函数 prompt(yellow("Start put package....")) with settings(warn_only=True): with cd(env.deploy_project_root + env.deploy_release_dir): run("mkdir %s" %(env.deploy_version)) #创建版本目录 env.deploy_full_path = env.deploy_project_root + env.deploy_release_dir + "/" + env.deploy_version with settings(warn_only=True): #上传项目压缩包至此目录 result = put(env.project_tar_source + env.project_pack_name + ".tar.gz",env.deploy_full_path) if result.failed and not ("put file failed,Continue[Y/N]?"): abort("Aborting file put task!") with cd(env.deploy_full_path): #成功解压后删除压缩包 run("tar -zxvf %s.tar.gz" %(env.project_pack_name)) run("rm -rf %s.tar.gz" %(env.project_pack_name)) print(green("Put & untar package success!")) @task def make_symlink(): #为当前版本目录做软链接 print(yellow("update current symlink")) env.deploy_full_path = env.deploy_project_root + env.deploy_release_dir + "/" + env.deploy_version with settings(warn_only=True): #删除软链接,重新创建并指定软链接源目录,新版本生效 run("rm -rf %s" %(env.deploy_project_root + env.deploy_current_dir)) run("ln -s %s %s" %(env.deploy_full_path,env.deploy_project_root + env.deploy_current_dir)) print(green("make symlink success!")) @task def rollback(): #版本回滚任务函数 print(yellow("rollback project version")) versionid = input_versionid() #获取用户输入的回滚版本号 if versionid == '': abort("Project version ID error,abort!") env.deploy_full_path = env.deploy_project_root + env.deploy_release_dir + "/" + versionid run("rm -r %s" %(env.deploy_project_root + env.deploy_current_dir)) run("ln -s %s %s" %(env.deploy_full_path,env.deploy_project_root + env.deploy_current_dir)) #删除软链接,重新创建并指定软链接源目录,新版本生效 print(green("rollback sucess!")) @task def go(): #自动化程序版本发布入口函数 tar_source() put_package() make_symlink()
在生产环境中将站点的根目录指向"/data/www/Lwebadmin/current",由于使用Linux软链接做切换,管理员的版本发布、回滚操作用户无感知。