CentOS6.5环境配置笔记

CentOS6.5环境配置笔记

一、概述

服务器系统重装，配置应用运行环境
CentOS6.5 x64

二、修改密码

重新设置登录密码

$passwd 或 $passwd root

三、配置端口号及防火墙

注意：修改ssh端口号和防火墙时，最好22端口都先不要屏蔽或移除，在新的端口号ssh登录访问没有问题后再移除，防止新的配置不生效导致无法访问。

$ vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

修改默认22端口为64262
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 64262 -j ACCEPT

限制3306端口只能内网可访问
-A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/24 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

重启防火墙使之生效
$/etc/init.d/iptables restart
或
$ service iptables restart

查看已开放的端口
$ iptables -L -n

$ vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
重新启动ssh服务
$ /etc/init.d/sshd restart 

四、修改主机名

修改主机名
$ vi /etc/sysconfig/network

#centos7
$ vi /etc/hostname

重启服务器生效
$ reboot

修改hosts文件
$ vi /etc/hosts

五、安装Tengine(Nginx)

$ yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make zlib zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

依赖Lua安装
yum -y install readline readline-devel
wget http://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.3.0.tar.gz
tar xvf lua-5.3.0.tar.gz

cd lua-5.3.0/        
make && make install
cd ..
 
wget http://luajit.org/download/LuaJIT-2.0.3.tar.gz
tar xvf LuaJIT-2.0.3.tar.gz
cd LuaJIT-2.0.3/                                                                                            
make && make install
 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libluajit-5.1.so.2 /lib64/libluajit-5.1.so.2
export LUAJIT_LIB=/usr/local/lib
export LUAJIT_INC=/usr/local/include/luajit-2.0/

$ wget http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
解压到 /usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.11

$ wget http://www.canonware.com/download/jemalloc/jemalloc-3.6.0.tar.bz2
解压到 /usr/local/src/jemalloc-3.6.0
（先yum -y install bzip2 然后 tar jxvf jemalloc-3.6.0.tar.bz2）

$ cd /usr/local/src/
$ wget http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.2.0.tar.gz
$ tar xvf tengine-2.2.0.tar.gz
$ cd tengine-2.2.0
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/tengine \
--with-pcre \
--with-zlib=/usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.11 \
--with-jemalloc=/usr/local/src/jemalloc-3.6.0 \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_lua_module \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_concat_module \
--with-ld-opt="-Wl,-rpath,$LUAJIT_LIB"
$ make && make install

/usr/local/tengine/sbin/nginx 启动
/usr/local/tengine/sbin/nginx -t 检查nginx.conf语法
/usr/local/tengine/sbin/nginx -s reload 使nginx.conf修改即时生效

设置Nginx开机启动

系统用户登录系统后启动的服务目录

/usr/lib/systemd/system

如需要开机没有登陆情况下就能运行的程序在系统目录内

/lib/systemd/system

希望系统开机就启动目录，所以把文件放在系统目录内

vi /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service 创建文件

[Unit]  
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server  
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target  
   
[Service]  
Type=forking  
PIDFile=/usr/local/tengine/logs/nginx.pid  
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/tengine/sbin/nginx -t  
ExecStart=/usr/local/tengine/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/tengine/conf/nginx.conf  
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID  
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID  
PrivateTmp=true  
   
[Install]  
WantedBy=multi-user.target  

Nginx服务相关命令

chmod 745 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

 启动nginx服务
systemctl start nginx.service

设置开机自启动
systemctl enable nginx.service

停止开机自启动
systemctl disable nginx.service

查看服务当前状态
systemctl status nginx.service

重新启动服务
systemctl restart nginx.service

查看所有已启动的服务
systemctl list-units --type=service

六、安装JDK1.7

$ mkdir /usr/java/
$ cd /usr/java/

$ wget https://files.eveoh.nl/jdk-7u80-linux-x64.tar.gz
$ tar xvf jdk-7u80-linux-x64.tar.gz

配置Java环境
vi /etc/profile

底部追加
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_80
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

#让配置生效
$ source /etc/profile

#验证
$ java -version

七、安装Tomcat7

$ wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.77/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.77.tar.gz
$ tar xvf apache-tomcat-7.0.76.tar.gz
$ mv apache-tomcat-7.0.76 tomcat-myapp

//server.xml

<Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
maxThreads="1000" minSpareThreads="20" maxIdleTime="60000"/>

<Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
port="8070" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="30000"
maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" 
maxThreads="1000" 
processorCache="1000" 
acceptCount="1000"  
minSpareThreads="100"
enableLookups="false"
URIEncoding="UTF-8"
redirectPort="8443" />

//catalina.sh

如果依赖的jdk版本和系统默认版本不一致，则需显式指定使用的jdk版本
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_80
export JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_80/jre

优化参数(具体根据系统内存大小设置)：
export CATALINA_OPTS="-Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m"

如果出现日志乱码问题，在catalina.sh和daemon.sh中增加如下参数配置：
export JAVA_OPTS="-Djavax.servlet.request.encoding=UTF-8 -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.language=zh_CN -Dsun.jnu.encoding=UTF-8"

八、安装其他

yum -y install wget

yum -y install openssh
systemctl start sshd
systemctl status sshd
systemctl enable sshd #设置开机自启动

yum -y install http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/redhat/0.1-3/percona-release-0.1-3.noarch.rpm


locate命令安装
yum -y install mlocate
updatedb

九、应用部署用到的一些命令

svn up
mvn clean compile -U  package -Dmaven.test.skip=true

从另一台服务器下载文件
scp -P22 root@192.168.1.135:/data/code/myproject/target/myproject.war ./

从本地上传到另一台服务器
scp -P22 /data/code/myproject/target/myproject.war root@192.168.1.134:/data/production/tomcat-myproject/webapps/ROOT/

解压war文件
jar -xvf /myproject.war

打包tar.gz
tar -czf tomcat-myproject.tar.gz tomcat-myproject

ssh登录到另一台服务器
ssh 192.168.1.134 -l root -p 22


查看nscd是否启用：
$ ps -ef|grep nscd
直接关闭Linux nscd 缓存服务：
/etc/init.d/nscd stop
/etc/init.d/nscd restart


/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
tcpdump -i em1 -n 'host 224.0.0.18'
ip a
查看log消息:
tail -f /var/log/messages
journalctl -xe

/etc/init.d/keepalived restart


建立软连接
ln -s /home/data_production/tomcat-myproj/ /data/production/tomcat-myproj/

十、配置优化

1.MySQL
mysql>show variables like 'max_connections';(查可以看当前的最大连接数)
mysql>set global max_connections=10000;

mysql>show global status like 'open%tables%';
mysql>show variables like 'table_open_cache';
mysql>set global table_open_cache=8192;

MySQL 5.6下table_open_cache参数合理配置详解
http://www.cnblogs.com/fjping0606/p/6531292.html


innodb_buffer_pool_size参数设置-重要(my.conf)

Mysql重要配置参数的整理2
http://www.cnblogs.com/zengkefu/p/5601137.html

max_allowed_packet=20M

key_buffer_size = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer_size = 32M
join_buffer_size = 32M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 100G
myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M

参考 http://git.oschina.net/oschina/oschina-config/blob/master/mysql/my.cnf


2.Nginx
nginx中的超时设置
http://www.cnblogs.com/discuss/articles/1866851.html

3.ActiveMQ
 Centos6.5 下的 ActiveMQ 5.14.2 的安装与配置 
 http://blog.csdn.net/esinzhong/article/details/53612054

4.Tomcat
4.1JVM参数的优化
4.2TOMCAT自身的配置

TOMCAT7 生产环境优化
http://energykey.iteye.com/blog/2072797

Tomcat7并发优化
http://blog.csdn.net/qlp3643_1/article/details/51285503


5.Redis
Redis客户端常见异常分析
https://cachecloud.github.io/2016/11/17/Redis%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90/

6.Linux
sysctl.conf学习和调优
http://www.jianshu.com/p/9a8e383b5b49

设置Sysctl.conf用以提高Linux的性能(最完整的sysctl.conf优化方案) 
http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/article/details/6584792

linux下高并发网络应用注意事项
http://www.blogjava.net/bacoo/archive/2012/06/11/380500.html

sysctl.conf文件详解
http://www.cnblogs.com/Rosanna/p/3446557.html

(转) Linux调优方案，sysctl.conf的设置
http://www.cnblogs.com/ywcz060/p/5624050.html



第十一章 netfilter iptables全攻略
https://wenku.baidu.com/view/56d3b109a6c30c2259019edd.html
http://www.opsers.org/videos/chapter-netfilter-iptables-raiders.html


 CentOS6.6 yum安装percona mysql5.6
 http://www.jianshu.com/p/10ca79864f59

十一、数据库恢复

TB级mysql数据之xtrabackup压缩备份迁移方案
http://www.xker.com/page/e2015/07/210707.html

一次mysql数据库迁移的过程记录 
http://blog.csdn.net/yumushui/article/details/40857321

 利用xtraBackup实现不停master服务做主从同步 
http://shineforever.blog.51cto.com/blog/1429204/1684335

通过 XtraBackup 实现不停机不锁表搭建主从同步
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002575399

XtraBackup备份恢复mysql
http://www.ttlsa.com/mysql/xtrabackup-backup-restore-mysql/

 Xtrabackup备份mysql实战（做从库全过程） 
http://navyaijm.blog.51cto.com/4647068/1422229/

MySQL · 物理备份 · Percona XtraBackup 备份原理 
http://mysql.taobao.org/monthly/2016/03/07/


使用xtrabackup进行MySQL数据库备份
http://www.toxingwang.com/database/mysql/1539.html


Xtrabackup 备份大数据库（全量备份和增量备份）
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-07/133517.htm

mysql xtrabackup在线备份还原（全备+增备） 
https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/43418


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centos7 关闭firewall安装iptables并配置
http://linux.it.net.cn/CentOS/fast/2015/0110/11567.html

9个常用iptables配置实例
http://www.cnblogs.com/bangerlee/archive/2013/02/27/2935422.html