十五天精通WCF——第一天 三种Binding让你KO80%的业务
转眼wcf技术已经出现很多年了,也在.net界混的风生水起,同时.net也是一个高度封装的框架,作为在wcf食物链最顶端的我们所能做的任务已经简单的不能再简单了,
再简单的话马路上的大妈也能写wcf了,好了,wcf最基本的概念我们放在后面慢慢分析,下面我们来看看神奇的3个binding如何KO我们实际场景中的80%的业务场景。
一:basicHttpBinding
作为入门第一篇,也就不深入谈谈basic中的信道栈中那些啥东西了,你只需要知道有ABC三个要素,注意不是姨妈巾哦,如果需要详细了解,可以观赏我以前的系列。在
这里我就不多说了,太简单的东西没意思,先看个例子简单感受了,你只需知道的是basic走的是http协议就好了,传输消息为soap。
1. 契约
1 using System.Runtime.Serialization; 2 using System.ServiceModel; 3 4 namespace MyService 5 { 6 [ServiceContract] 7 public interface IHomeService 8 { 9 [OperationContract] 10 int GetLength(string name); 11 } 12 }
2. 实现类
1 using System; 2 using System.Messaging; 3 using System.Threading; 4 5 namespace MyService 6 { 7 public class HomeService : IHomeService 8 { 9 public int GetLength(string name) 10 { 11 return name.Length; 12 } 13 } 14 }
3. 服务启动
1 using System; 2 using System.ServiceModel; 3 4 namespace MyService 5 { 6 class Program 7 { 8 static void Main(string[] args) 9 { 10 using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(HomeService))) 11 { 12 try 13 { 14 host.Open(); 15 16 Console.WriteLine("服务开启!"); 17 18 Console.Read(); 19 } 20 catch (Exception e) 21 { 22 Console.WriteLine(e.Message); 23 } 24 } 25 } 26 } 27 }
4. 配置config文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <system.serviceModel> <bindings> <netTcpBinding> <binding name="IHomeServiceBinding" /> </netTcpBinding> </bindings> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name=""> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <services> <service name="MyService.HomeService"> <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1:1920/HomeService" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="MyService.IHomeService"> <identity> <dns value="localhost" /> </identity> </endpoint> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="http://127.0.0.1:1920"/> </baseAddresses> </host> </service> </services> </system.serviceModel> </configuration>
5. 然后通过 servicehost 启动服务端
using System; using System.ServiceModel; namespace MyService { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(HomeService))) { try { host.Open(); Console.WriteLine("服务开启!"); Console.Read(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); } } } } }
好了,到现在为止,服务端全部开启完毕,接下来我们通过“添加服务引用”,来添加对客户端的引用
1 using System; 2 3 namespace ConsoleApplication1 4 { 5 class Program 6 { 7 static void Main(string[] args) 8 { 9 HomeServiceReference.HomeServiceClient client = new HomeServiceReference.HomeServiceClient(); 10 11 var s = client.GetLength("12345"); 12 13 Console.WriteLine("长度为:{0}", s); 14 15 Console.Read(); 16 } 17 } 18 }
麻蛋,就这么简单,是的,就这样简单的五步,基于http的通信就这样被不小心的完成了,真不好意思。
二:netTcpBinding
有了basic的代码,现在我们要改成tcp通信,这会通信走的是字节流,很简单,改一下服务端的config文件就好了,大家也知道这种性能要比basic好。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <system.serviceModel> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="mxbehavior"> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <services> <service name="MyService.HomeService" behaviorConfiguration="mxbehavior"> <endpoint address="net.tcp://localhost:19200/HomeService" binding="netTcpBinding" contract="MyService.IHomeService"> <identity> <dns value="localhost" /> </identity> </endpoint> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="http://localhost:1920/HomeService"/> </baseAddresses> </host> </service> </services> </system.serviceModel> </configuration>
三:netMsmqBinding
msmq这个玩意,我想大家都清楚,一个物理上的文件,好处呢,你也明白,就是client和service的所有通信都要经过它的手,这样任何一方出了问题,只要
它在就没问题了。同样我们把tcp改成msmq也是非常简单的,不过要注意,msmqbinding中是不可以让契约方法有返回值的。所以我们加上isoneway就好了。
using System.Runtime.Serialization; using System.ServiceModel; namespace MyService { [ServiceContract] public interface IHomeService { [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)] void GetLength(string name); } }
然后我在mmc上新建一个消息队列,如下:
然后我们再改动以下配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <system.serviceModel> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="mxbehavior"> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <bindings> <netMsmqBinding> <binding name="msmqbinding"> <security mode="None"/> </binding> </netMsmqBinding> </bindings> <services> <service name="MyService.HomeService" behaviorConfiguration="mxbehavior"> <endpoint address="net.msmq://localhost/private/homequeue" binding="netMsmqBinding" contract="MyService.IHomeService" bindingConfiguration="msmqbinding"> <identity> <dns value="localhost" /> </identity> </endpoint> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="http://localhost:19200/HomeService"/> </baseAddresses> </host> </service> </services> </system.serviceModel> </configuration>
纵观上面的三种binding,配置起来何其简单,底层的各种通讯协议貌似对我来说都是透明的,其实呢???wcf在底层做了何其多的事情,而我却没有挖掘。。。
这对码农里说也是一种悲哀啊。。。出了问题就只能祷告上天。。。下一篇我会开始深入剖析。