html5游戏开发-零基础开发RPG游戏-开源讲座(四)

了解上三篇的内容请点击：

html5[color=rgb(68, 68, 68) !important]游戏开发-零基础开发RPG游戏-开源讲座(一)

http://www.html5cn.org/article-1737-1.html

html5游戏开发-零基础开发RPG游戏-开源讲座(二)-跑起来吧英雄

http://www.html5cn.org/article-1738-1.html

html5游戏开发-零基础开发RPG游戏-开源讲座(三)-卷轴&对话实现

http://www.html5cn.org/article-1740-1.html


首先，本篇文章是零基础开发RPG游戏-开源讲座系列文章的第四篇，来实现游戏的脚本化，和利用游戏脚本实现地图场景的切换。如下应该是我们先了解的。

一，什么是游戏脚本

简单说，游戏脚本就是依据一定的格式编写的可执行文件，游戏可以通过脚本中自定义的语句来执行相应的逻辑。

二，为什么要将游戏脚本化

游戏脚本，可以令我们的游戏动态化，比如当我们开发了一款rpg游戏，里面的剧情，事件以及地图等，我们如果将这些全部写进程序里，当然是可以的，但是一旦出现问题，哪怕几个错别字，我们需要先将这几个错别字改正，并且将整个程序重新编译发布一遍，这个过程是相当令人反感的，因为如果游戏的程序跟着游戏的内容不断进行修改的话，那只会使你的程序越来越复杂。但是如果我们将这些可重复的数据，都定义到游戏程序之外的文件里面，当游戏引擎开发完毕，我们的游戏通过读取这些外部文件，来执行相应的剧情和事件，那么，像上述当我们的游戏出现了问题，我们只需要改动这些外部文件就可以了，并不需要重新编译整个程序，这样便使得我们的游戏开发，变得便利简洁。

*当然，对于html5来说，不需要重新编译程序，但是对于rpg的游戏来说，脚本还是必不可少的，因为游戏的剧本不可能全都写到程序里。

三，如何来实现游戏的脚本化

好了，接下来，先来考虑以什么形式来制作游戏的脚本，我们有多种选择，可以选择xml，可以选择json，也可以选择纯自定义语法，

这次，我为了省事，选用比较方便处理的json，因为javascript可以很轻松的处理json数据。

目前游戏中实现的内容有，地图场景添加，游戏人物添加，以及人物对话的实现。那么，我在设计游戏脚本的时候，必须包含这些数据，然后才能将这三项功能用脚本来控制。

首先看下面的json

1. var script = {
   
2.         stage01:{
3.                 map:[
4.                     [18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,55,55,18,18,18],
5.                         [18,18,18,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,55,55,17,17,18],
6.                         [18,18,17,17,17,17,18,18,17,17,17,17,55,55,17,17,18],
7.                         [18,17,17,17,18,18,18,18,18,17,17,55,55,17,17,17,18],
8.                         [18,17,17,18,22,23,23,23,24,18,17,55,55,17,17,17,18],
9.                         [18,17,17,18,25,28,26,79,27,18,55,55,17,17,17,17,18],
10.                         [18,17,17,17,17,10,11,12,18,18,55,55,17,17,17,17,18],
11.                         [18,18,17,17,10,16,16,16,11,55,55,17,17,17,17,17,18],
12.                         [18,18,17,17,77,16,16,16,16,21,21,17,17,17,17,17,18],
13.                         [18,18,17,17,77,16,16,16,16,55,55,17,17,17,17,17,18],
14.                         [18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,55,55,18,18,18,18,18,18]],
15.                 mapdata:[
16.                         [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],
17.                         [1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1],
18.                         [1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1],
19.                         [1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1],
20.                         [1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1],
21.                         [1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1],
22.                         [1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1],
23.                         [1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1],
24.                         [1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1],
25.                         [1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1],
26.                         [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]],
27.                 add:[
28.                      {chara:"player",img:"mingren",x:5,y:6},
29.                      {chara:"npc",img:"npc1",x:7,y:6},
30.                      {chara:"npc",img:"npc1",x:3,y:3}],
31.                 talk:{
32.                         talk1:[
33.                                       {img:"m",name:"鸣人",msg:"我是木叶村的鸣人，你是谁？"},
34.                                       {img:"n",name:"黑衣忍者甲",msg:"你就是鸣人？九尾还在你身体里吗？"}
35.                               ],
36.                     talk2:[
37.                                   {img:"n",name:"黑衣忍者乙",msg:"鸣人，听说忍者大战就要开始了。"},
38.                                       {img:"m",name:"鸣人",msg:"真的吗？一定要想想办法啊。"}
39.                               ]
40.                 }
41.         }
44. };

我将脚本定义成了变量，实际游戏制作的时候，脚本应该储存到一个外部文档当中，在这里我只是讲解一下理论，如何完善那是后话了。

可以看到，json中，包含了地图相关的map数组和mapdata数组，添加人物的相关数据，以及对话的数组。这样，我在游戏显示的时候，只需要读入json数据，然后根据这些内容来显示游戏画面就可以了，定义一个initScript函数来进行这些操作。

1. function initScript(){
   
2.         //地图位置初始化
3.         mapLayer.x = 0;
4.         mapLayer.y = 0;
7.         //地图层初始化
8.         mapLayer.removeAllChild();
9.         //人物层初始化
10.         charaLayer.removeAllChild();
11.         //效果层初始化
12.         effectLayer.removeAllChild();
13.         //对话层初始化
14.         talkLayer.removeAllChild();
15.         
16.         //地图数据获取
17.         map = stage.map;
18.         mapdata = stage.mapdata;
19.         //对话数据获取
20.         talkScriptList = stage.talk;
21.         
22.         //添加地图
23.         addMap(0,0);
24.         delMap();
25.         //添加人物
26.         addChara();
27. }

removeAllChild方法是legendForHtml5Programming引擎独有的方法，可以用来移出LScript显示层上的所有子对象，从而实现本游戏中各个显示层的初始化工作。

修改一下addChara方法，如下

1. //添加人物
   
2. function addChara(){
3.         var charaList = stage.add;
4.         var chara,charaObj;
5.         for(var i=0;i<charaList.length;i++){
6.                 charaObj = charaList[i];
7.                 if(charaObj.chara == "player"){
8.                         //加入英雄
9.                         bitmapdata = new LBitmapData(imglist[charaObj.img]);
10.                         chara = new Character(true,i,bitmapdata,4,4);
11.                         player = chara;
12.                 }else{
13.                         //加入npc
14.                         bitmapdata = new LBitmapData(imglist[charaObj.img]);
15.                         chara = new Character(false,i,bitmapdata,4,4);
16.                 }
17.                 chara.x = charaObj.x * 32;
18.                 chara.y = charaObj.y * 32;
19.                 charaLayer.addChild(chara);
20.         }
21. }

即，根据json脚本中的add数组，来添加游戏中的人物。

好了，运行一下游戏，可以看到，游戏正常显示了，和之前一模一样，实现了同样的功能。

 

四，利用游戏脚本实现地图的切换

为了让大家看到游戏脚本的便利性，现在利用脚本实现游戏中的场景切换。

将json脚本修改如下

1. var script = {
   
2.         stage01:{
3.                 map:[
4.                     [18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,55,55,18,18,18],
5.                         [18,18,18,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,55,55,17,17,18],
6.                         [18,18,17,17,17,17,18,18,17,17,17,17,55,55,17,17,18],
7.                         [18,17,17,17,18,18,18,18,18,17,17,55,55,17,17,17,18],
8.                         [18,17,17,18,22,23,23,23,24,18,17,55,55,17,17,17,18],
9.                         [18,17,17,18,25,28,26,79,27,18,55,55,17,17,17,17,18],
10.                         [18,17,17,17,17,10,11,12,18,18,55,55,17,17,17,17,18],
11.                         [18,18,17,17,10,16,16,16,11,55,55,17,17,17,17,17,18],
12.                         [18,18,17,17,77,16,16,16,16,21,21,17,17,17,17,17,18],
13.                         [18,18,17,17,77,16,16,16,16,55,55,17,17,17,17,17,18],
14.                         [18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,18,55,55,18,18,18,18,18,18]],
15.                 mapdata:[
16.                         [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],
17.                         [1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1],
18.                         [1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1],
19.                         [1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1],
20.                         [1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1],
21.                         [1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1],
22.                         [1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1],
23.                         [1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1],
24.                         [1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1],
25.                         [1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1],
26.                         [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]],
27.                 add:[
28.                      {chara:"player",img:"mingren",x:5,y:6},
29.                      {chara:"npc",img:"npc1",x:7,y:6},
30.                      {chara:"npc",img:"npc1",x:3,y:3}],
31.                 talk:{
32.                         talk1:[
33.                                       {img:"m",name:"鸣人",msg:"我是木叶村的鸣人，你是谁？"},
34.                                       {img:"n",name:"黑衣忍者甲",msg:"你就是鸣人？九尾还在你身体里吗？"}
35.                               ],
36.                     talk2:[
37.                                   {img:"n",name:"黑衣忍者乙",msg:"鸣人，听说忍者大战就要开始了。"},
38.                                       {img:"m",name:"鸣人",msg:"真的吗？一定要想想办法啊。"}
39.                               ]
40.                 },
41.                 jump:[
42.                       {at:{x:6,y:5},to:"stage02"}
43.                 ]
44.         },
45.         stage02:{
46.                 map:[
47.                     [0,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,0,0,0],
48.                     [0,0,1,3,5,5,1,5,5,5,5,1,0,0,0],
49.                     [0,0,1,80,4,4,1,80,4,4,4,1,0,0,0],
50.                     [0,0,1,80,4,4,1,80,8,7,8,1,0,0,0],
51.                         [0,0,1,80,4,4,5,81,4,4,4,1,0,0,0],
52.                         [0,0,1,2,2,2,6,4,4,4,4,1,0,0,0],
53.                         [0,0,1,3,5,5,81,4,4,4,4,1,0,0,0],
54.                         [0,0,1,80,4,4,4,4,4,4,9,1,0,0,0],
55.                         [0,0,1,2,2,2,2,6,2,2,2,1,0,0,0]],
56.                 mapdata:[
57.                         [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],
58.                         [1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1],
59.                         [1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1],
60.                         [1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1],
61.                         [1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1],
62.                         [1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1],
63.                         [1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1],
64.                         [1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1],
65.                         [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]],
66.                 add:[
67.                      {chara:"player",img:"mingren",x:7,y:8},
68.                      {chara:"npc",img:"npc1",x:8,y:3},
69.                      {chara:"npc",img:"npc1",x:10,y:3}],
70.                 talk:{
71.                       talk1:[
72.                                     {img:"m",name:"鸣人",msg:"你们在干什么啊？"},
73.                                             {img:"n",name:"黑衣忍者甲",msg:"我们在喝茶。"}
74.                               ],
75.                       talk2:[
76.                                         {img:"n",name:"黑衣忍者乙",msg:"我们在喝茶，你不要打扰我们。"},
77.                                             {img:"m",name:"鸣人",msg:"....."}
78.                               ]
79.                 },
80.                 jump:[
81.                       {at:{x:7,y:8},to:"stage01"}
82.                 ]
83.         }
86. };

可以看到，我添加了stage02，即第二个场景，并且在脚本里引入了jump节点来控制游戏场景的切换，其中jump中的at表示游戏主人公移动到达的坐标，to表示到达这个坐标后跳转到的画面名称。这里的jump之所以是数组，是因为一个场景也可以跳转到其他多个场景。

上面的脚本实现了stage01和stage02两个场景的互相跳转。

为了读取这个jump，以及实现跳转，我们需要在游戏主人公移动一个步长之后，判断一下是否应该跳转了，修改Character类的onmove方法

1. 
   
2. Character.prototype.onmove = function (){
3.         var self = this;
4.         //设定一个移动步长中的移动次数
5.         var ml_cnt = 4;
6.         //计算一次移动的长度
7.         var ml = STEP/ml_cnt;
8.         //根据移动方向，开始移动
9.         switch (self.direction){
10.                 case UP:
11.                         if(mapmove){
12.                                 mapLayer.y += ml;
13.                                 charaLayer.y += ml;
14.                         }
15.                         self.y -= ml;
16.                         break;
17.                 case LEFT:
18.                         if(mapmove){
19.                                 mapLayer.x += ml;
20.                                 charaLayer.x += ml;
21.                         }
22.                         self.x -= ml;
23.                         break;
24.                 case RIGHT:
25.                         if(mapmove){
26.                                 mapLayer.x -= ml;
27.                                 charaLayer.x -= ml;
28.                         }
29.                         self.x += ml;
30.                         break;
31.                 case DOWN:
32.                         if(mapmove){
33.                                 mapLayer.y -= ml;
34.                                 charaLayer.y -= ml;
35.                         }
36.                         self.y += ml;
37.                         break;
38.         }
39.         self.moveIndex++;
40.         //当移动次数等于设定的次数，开始判断是否继续移动
41.         if(self.moveIndex >= ml_cnt){
42.                 //一个地图步长移动完成后，判断地图是否跳转
43.                 if(self.isHero && self.moveIndex > 0)checkJump();
44.                 self.moveIndex = 0;
45.                 //一个地图步长移动完成后，如果地图处于滚动状态，则移除多余地图块
46.                 if(mapmove)delMap();
47.                 //如果已经松开移动键，或者前方为障碍物，则停止移动，否则继续移动
48.                 if(!isKeyDown || !self.checkRoad()){
49.                         self.move = false;
50.                         return;
51.                 }else if(self.direction != self.direction_next){
52.                         self.direction = self.direction_next;
53.                         self.anime.setAction(self.direction);
54.                 }
55.                 //地图是否滚动
56.                 self.checkMap(self.direction);
57.         }
58. };

我添加了一行

1. if(self.isHero && self.moveIndex > 0)checkJump();

表示，移动完后如果该人物是游戏主人公则进行跳转判断

所以，我们需要添加一个checkJump方法

1. //游戏场景跳转测试
   
2. function checkJump(){
3.         var jump = stage.jump;
4.         var jumpstage;
5.         for(var i=0;i<jump.length;i++){
6.                 jumpstage = jump[0];
7.                 if(player.x == jumpstage.at.x * 32 && player.y == jumpstage.at.y * 32){
8.                         //获取该场景脚本数据
9.                         stage = script[jumpstage.to];
10.                         //开始跳转
11.                         initScript(stage);
12.                         return;
13.                 }
14.         }
15. }

好了，一切都很简单吧，运行游戏看看效果吧,小鸣人走到地图的小房门的部分是，场景发生跳转

 

游戏测试URL：

http://fsanguo.comoj.com/html5/rpg5/index.html

本次更新源代码下载：

http://legend-demo.googlecode.com/files/rpg5.zip

本文转自HTML5中国官方网站：http://www.html5cn.org/article-1741-1.html