nginx 入门配置

nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器。

常使用场景:

1、反向代理

2、网站负载均衡

 

nginx 配置文件入口: /etc/nginx/下的nginx.conf文件

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

worker_processes:指明了nginx要开启的进程数,据官方说法,一般开一个就够了,多开几个,可以减少机器io带来的影响。 一般为当前机器总cpu核心数的1到2倍,可与worker_cpu_affinity连用指定CPU。

error_log:异常日志输出目录

worker_connections:指定并发连接数,一般与worker_rlimit_nofile连用

worker_rlimit_nofile:指定同时处理的文件限制

 

http: 详细网站配置

http[include] :指包含文件,可以把配置文件存储在其他位置,如把网站每个server以单独文件形式存放在/etc/nginx/conf.d/下。

http[gzip]:gzip压缩相关配置,是否开启压缩,压缩内容,压缩的等级等等

http[server]:网站服务的各项配置,包含监听,主机头,文件路径,网站目录,是否代理,重定向等等配置

http[upstream]:负载均衡各项配置,服务器地址,权重,启停、备用等等配置

 

 

普通网站配置示例:

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;
    
     location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

 }

 

 

https网站示例:

server {
    listen      443 ssl;
    server_name  ***.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/server.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/server.key;


    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
   }


    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

}

listen: 监听端口,加ssl 为https通信方式。

server_name:网站服务名,主机头

error_page:错误页

location: 虚拟位置,如 “/” 根目录,如“/images/”,“/50x.htm"等等

root:文件实际位置

index:起始页

ssl_certificate:ssl证书存放位置(由证书颁发机构提供)

ssl_certificate_key:ssl证书私钥存放位置(由证书颁发机构提供)

 

 

网站代理设置示例:

server {
    listen      80;
    server_name  ***.com;
 
    location / {
        proxy_pass  http://192.168.1.101;

        proxy_connect_timeout 300;
        proxy_send_timeout 300;
        proxy_read_timeout 300;

        proxy_set_header HOST $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
   }


    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

}

 

 

网站负载均衡示例:

upstream BlanceServers{
        server 192.168.1.101:80 weight=10;
        server 192.168.1.102:80 weight=5;
  }

server {
    listen      80;
    server_name  ***.com;
 
    location / {
        proxy_pass  http://BlanceServers;

        proxy_connect_timeout 300;
        ...

proxy_pass:代理路径配置可以是具体网站地址,也可以是负载均衡名称

upstream:负载均衡配置节点,注意它是在http节点下的

 

详见官网文档:http://nginx.org/en/docs/

 

posted @ 2016-11-03 11:12  hobinly  阅读(6742)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报