根据经纬度计算日出、日落、中天、天亮、天黑和昼长时间
Jean Meeus的《天文算法》(Astronomical Algorithms,2nd Edition)第二版中第7章第60页内有详细介绍计算儒略日的方法:
设Y为给定年份,M为月份,D为该月日期(带小数,把时:分:秒折算成日的形式)。运算符INT表示为取所给数的整数部分,也即小数点前的部分。
1.若M > 2,Y和M不变。
若 M =1或2,以Y–1代Y,以M+12代M。
换句话说,如果日期在1月或2月,则被看作是在前一年的13月或14月。
2.对格里高利历(即1582年10月15日以后),有
A = INT(Y/100),
B = 2 - A + INT(A/4).
另外,对于儒略历(即1582年10月15日之前),取B=0。
3.所求的儒略日即为:
计算的代码:
import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Properties; public class DayTime { private static Properties propt; private static double RAD = 180.0 * 3600 / Math.PI; private static double midDayTime; private static double dawnTime; private static String codeStr = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; static { propt = new Properties(); try { propt.load(DayTime.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jwd.properties")); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") public static Map<DayTimeType, String> dailytime(String area) { Date date = new Date(); return dailytime(area, date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), date.getDay(), 0, 0, 0,8.0); } public static Map<DayTimeType, String> dailytime(String area, int year, int month, int day, int hour, int min, int sec,double tz) { Map<DayTimeType, String> map = new HashMap<DayTimeType, String>(); String jwd = decodeJWD(area); System.out.println(jwd); Double wd = (Double.parseDouble(jwd.substring(0, 2)) + Double.parseDouble(jwd.substring(2, 4)) / 60) / 180 * Math.PI; Double jd = -(Double.parseDouble(jwd.substring(4, 7)) + Double.parseDouble(jwd.substring(7)) / 60) / 180 * Math.PI; double richu = timeToDouble(year, month, day, hour, min, sec) - 2451544.5; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) richu = sunRiseTime(richu, jd, wd, tz / 24);// 逐步逼近法算10次 // 日出 map.put(DayTimeType.SUNRISE, doubleToStr(richu)); // 日落 map.put(DayTimeType.SUNSET, doubleToStr(midDayTime + midDayTime - richu)); // 中天 map.put(DayTimeType.MIDTIME, doubleToStr(midDayTime)); // 天亮 map.put(DayTimeType.DAWNTIME, doubleToStr(dawnTime)); // 天黑 map.put(DayTimeType.NIGHTTIME, doubleToStr(midDayTime + midDayTime - dawnTime)); // 昼长 map.put(DayTimeType.DAYTIME, doubleToStr((midDayTime - dawnTime) * 2 - 0.5)); return map; } // 加密 public static String decodeJWD(String encode) { StringBuilder jwd = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) if (2 == i) jwd.append(String.format("%03d", codeStr.indexOf(encode.charAt(i)) + 73)); else jwd.append(String.format("%02d", codeStr.indexOf(encode.charAt(i)))); return jwd.toString(); } // 解密 public static String encodeJWD(Integer decode) { StringBuilder jwd = new StringBuilder(); int i = 230811316; int ge = i % 100; int shi = i % 100000 - ge; int bai = i % 10000000 - shi; int qian = i % 1000000000 - bai; shi = shi / 100 - 73; bai = bai / 100000; qian = qian / 10000000; jwd.append(codeStr.charAt(qian)).append(codeStr.charAt(bai)).append(codeStr.charAt(shi)).append(codeStr.charAt(ge)); return jwd.toString(); } /** * * @param date * 儒略日平午 * @param lo * 地理经度 * @param la * 地理纬度 * @param tz * 时区 * @return 太阳升起时间 */ public static Double sunRiseTime(double date, double lo, double la, double tz) { date = date - tz; // 太阳黄经以及它的正余弦值 double t = date / 36525; double j = sunHJ(t); // 太阳黄经以及它的正余弦值 double sinJ = Math.sin(j); double cosJ = Math.cos(j); // 其中2*PI*(0.7790572732640 + 1.00273781191135448*jd)恒星时(子午圈位置) double gst = 2 * Math.PI * (0.779057273264 + 1.00273781191135 * date) + (0.014506 + 4612.15739966 * t + 1.39667721 * t * t) / RAD; double E = (84381.406 - 46.836769 * t) / RAD; // 黄赤交角 double a = Math.atan2(sinJ * Math.cos(E), cosJ);// '太阳赤经 double D = Math.asin(Math.sin(E) * sinJ); // 太阳赤纬 double cosH0 = (Math.sin(-50 * 60 / RAD) - Math.sin(la) * Math.sin(D)) / (Math.cos(la) * Math.cos(D)); // 日出的时角计算,地平线下50分 double cosH1 = (Math.sin(-6 * 3600 / RAD) - Math.sin(la) * Math.sin(D)) / (Math.cos(la) * Math.cos(D)); // 天亮的时角计算,地平线下6度,若为航海请改为地平线下12度 // 严格应当区分极昼极夜,本程序不算 if (cosH0 >= 1 || cosH0 <= -1) return -0.5;// 极昼 double H0 = -Math.acos(cosH0); // 升点时角(日出)若去掉负号 就是降点时角,也可以利用中天和升点计算 double H1 = -Math.acos(cosH1); double H = gst - lo - a; // 太阳时角 midDayTime = date - degree(H) / Math.PI / 2 + tz; // 中天时间 dawnTime = date - degree(H - H1) / Math.PI / 2 + tz;// 天亮时间 return date - degree(H - H0) / Math.PI / 2 + tz; // 日出时间,函数返回值 } /** * 保证角度∈(-π,π) * * @param ag * @return ag */ public static Double degree(double ag) { ag = mod(ag, 2 * Math.PI); return ag <= -Math.PI ? ag + 2 * Math.PI : ag > Math.PI ? ag - 2 * Math.PI : ag; } public static Double mod(double num1, double num2) { num2 = Math.abs(num2); // 只是取决于Num1的符号 return num1 >= 0 ? num1 - ((int) (num1 / num2)) * num2 : ((int) (Math.abs(num1) / num2)) * num2 - Math.abs(num1); } /** * @param t * 儒略世纪数 * @return 太阳黄经 */ public static Double sunHJ(double t) { t = t + (32.0 * (t + 1.8) * (t + 1.8) - 20) / 86400.0 / 36525.0; // 儒略世纪年数,力学时 double j = 48950621.66 + 6283319653.318 * t + 53 * t * t - 994 + 334166 * Math.cos(4.669257 + 628.307585 * t) + 3489 * Math.cos(4.6261 + 1256.61517 * t) + 2060.6 * Math.cos(2.67823 + 628.307585 * t) * t; return j / 10000000; } /** * 儒略日的计算 * * @param y * 年 * @param M * 月 * @param d * 日 * @param h * 小时 * @param m * 分 * @param s * 秒 * @return int */ public static int timeToDouble(int y, int M, int d, int h, int m, int s) { double time = 0; if (M <= 2) { M += 12; y -= 1; } if (y * 372 + M * 31 + d >= 588829) { time = (int) (y / 100); time = 2 - time + (int) (time / 4); } time += (int) Math.round(365.25 * (y + 4716) + 0.01) + (int) (30.60001 * (M + 1)) + d + (h * 3600 + m * 60 + s) / (24 * 3600) - 1524.5; return (int) Math.round(time); } public static String doubleToStr(double time) { double t = time + 0.5; t = (t - (int) t) * 24; int h = (int) t; t = (t - h) * 60; int m = (int) t; t = (t - m) * 60; int s = (int) t; return h + ":" + m + ":" + s; } public static void main(String[] args) { // System.out.println(decodeJWD("N3dS肇庆")); // String jwd = decodeJWD("N3dS肇庆"); // Double wd = (Double.parseDouble(jwd.substring(0, 2)) + // Double.parseDouble(jwd.substring(2, 4)) / 60) / 180 * Math.PI; // Double jd = -(Double.parseDouble(jwd.substring(4, 7)) + // Double.parseDouble(jwd.substring(7)) / 60) / 180 * Math.PI; // double richu = timeToDouble(2012, 6, 25, 0, 0, 0) - 2451544.5; // System.out.println(richu + " " + timeToDouble(2012, 6, 25, 0, 0, 0)); // richu = sunRiseTime(richu, jd, wd, 8.0 / 24); // System.out.println(richu); // richu = sunRiseTime(richu, jd, wd, 8.0 / 24);// 逐步逼近法算两次 // System.out.println(doubleToStr(richu)); String t = "03"; System.out.println(Integer.parseInt(t)); System.out.println(propt.getProperty("HI")); String[] strs = propt.getProperty("HI").split(" "); for (int i = 1; i < strs.length; i++) { System.out.println(strs[i] + " 日出 " + dailytime(strs[i]).get(DayTimeType.SUNRISE)); System.out.println(strs[i] + " 日落" + dailytime(strs[i]).get(DayTimeType.SUNSET)); System.out.println(strs[i] + " 中天" + dailytime(strs[i]).get(DayTimeType.MIDTIME)); System.out.println(strs[i] + " 天亮" + dailytime(strs[i]).get(DayTimeType.DAWNTIME)); System.out.println(strs[i] + " 天黑" + dailytime(strs[i]).get(DayTimeType.NIGHTTIME)); System.out.println(strs[i] + " 昼长" + dailytime(strs[i]).get(DayTimeType.DAYTIME)); } System.out.println(encodeJWD(230811316)); } }
枚举类型:
public enum DayTimeType { SUNRISE, SUNSET, MIDTIME, DAWNTIME, NIGHTTIME, DAYTIME }
中国各个地区经纬度数据:下载