[LeetCode] Kth Largest Element in a Stream 数据流中的第K大的元素
Design a class to find the kth largest element in a stream. Note that it is the kth largest element in the sorted order, not the kth distinct element.
Your KthLargest
class will have a constructor which accepts an integer k
and an integer array nums
, which contains initial elements from the stream. For each call to the method KthLargest.add
, return the element representing the kth largest element in the stream.
Example:
int k = 3; int[] arr = [4,5,8,2]; KthLargest kthLargest = new KthLargest(3, arr); kthLargest.add(3); // returns 4 kthLargest.add(5); // returns 5 kthLargest.add(10); // returns 5 kthLargest.add(9); // returns 8 kthLargest.add(4); // returns 8
Note:
You may assume that nums
' length ≥ k-1
and k
≥ 1.
这道题让我们在数据流中求第K大的元素,跟之前那道Kth Largest Element in an Array很类似,但不同的是,那道题的数组是确定的,不会再增加元素,这样确定第K大的数字就比较简单。而这道题的数组是不断在变大的,所以每次第K大的数字都在不停的变化。那么我们其实只关心前K大个数字就可以了,所以我们可以使用一个最小堆来保存前K个数字,当再加入新数字后,最小堆会自动排序,然后把排序后的最小的那个数字去除,则堆中还是K个数字,返回的时候只需返回堆顶元素即可,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class KthLargest { public: KthLargest(int k, vector<int> nums) { for (int num : nums) { q.push(num); if (q.size() > k) q.pop(); } K = k; } int add(int val) { q.push(val); if (q.size() > K) q.pop(); return q.top(); } private: priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> q; int K; };
我们也可以使用multiset来做,利用其可重复,且自动排序的功能,这样也可以达到最小堆的效果,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class KthLargest { public: KthLargest(int k, vector<int> nums) { for (int num : nums) { st.insert(num); if (st.size() > k) st.erase(st.begin()); } K = k; } int add(int val) { st.insert(val); if (st.size() > K) st.erase(st.begin()); return *st.begin(); } private: multiset<int> st; int K; };
类似题目:
Kth Largest Element in an Array
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/kth-largest-element-in-a-stream