[LeetCode] 794. Valid Tic-Tac-Toe State 验证井字棋状态
A Tic-Tac-Toe board is given as a string array board
. Return True if and only if it is possible to reach this board position during the course of a valid tic-tac-toe game.
The board
is a 3 x 3 array, and consists of characters " "
, "X"
, and "O"
. The " " character represents an empty square.
Here are the rules of Tic-Tac-Toe:
- Players take turns placing characters into empty squares (" ").
- The first player always places "X" characters, while the second player always places "O" characters.
- "X" and "O" characters are always placed into empty squares, never filled ones.
- The game ends when there are 3 of the same (non-empty) character filling any row, column, or diagonal.
- The game also ends if all squares are non-empty.
- No more moves can be played if the game is over.
Example 1: Input: board = ["O ", " ", " "] Output: false Explanation: The first player always plays "X". Example 2: Input: board = ["XOX", " X ", " "] Output: false Explanation: Players take turns making moves. Example 3: Input: board = ["XXX", " ", "OOO"] Output: false Example 4: Input: board = ["XOX", "O O", "XOX"] Output: true
Note:
board
is a length-3 array of strings, where each stringboard[i]
has length 3.- Each
board[i][j]
is a character in the set{" ", "X", "O"}
.
这道题又是关于井字棋游戏的,之前也有一道类似的题 Design Tic-Tac-Toe,不过那道题是模拟游戏进行的,而这道题是让验证当前井字棋的游戏状态是否正确。这题的例子给的比较好,cover 了很多种情况:
情况一:
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
这是不正确的状态,因为先走的使用X,所以只出现一个O,是不对的。
情况二:
X O X
_ X _
_ _ _
这个也是不正确的,因为两个 player 交替下棋,X最多只能比O多一个,这里多了两个,肯定是不对的。
情况三:
X X X
_ _ _
O O O
这个也是不正确的,因为一旦第一个玩家的X连成了三个,那么游戏马上结束了,不会有另外一个O出现。
情况四:
X O X
O _ O
X O X
这个状态没什么问题,是可以出现的状态。
好,那么根据给的这些例子,可以分析一下规律,根据例子1和例子2得出下棋顺序是有规律的,必须是先X后O,不能破坏这个顺序,那么可以使用一个 turns 变量,当是X时,turns 自增1,反之若是O,则 turns 自减1,那么最终 turns 一定是0或者1,其他任何值都是错误的,比如例子1中,turns 就是 -1,例子2中,turns 是2,都是不对的。根据例子3,可以得出结论,只能有一个玩家获胜,可以用两个变量 xwin 和 owin,来记录两个玩家的获胜状态,由于井字棋的制胜规则是横竖斜任意一个方向有三个连续的就算赢,那么分别在各个方向查找3个连续的X,有的话 xwin 赋值为 true,还要查找3个连续的O,有的话 owin 赋值为 true,例子3中 xwin 和 owin 同时为 true 了,是错误的。还有一种情况,例子中没有 cover 到的是:
情况五:
X X X
O O _
O _ _
这里虽然只有 xwin 为 true,但是这种状态还是错误的,因为一旦第三个X放下后,游戏立即结束,不会有第三个O放下,这么检验这种情况呢?这时 turns 变量就非常的重要了,当第三个O放下后,turns 自减1,此时 turns 为0了,而正确的应该是当 xwin 为 true 的时候,第三个O不能放下,那么 turns 不减1,则还是1,这样就可以区分情况五了。当然,可以交换X和O的位置,即当 owin 为 true 时,turns 一定要为0。现在已经覆盖了搜索的情况了,参见代码如下:
class Solution { public: bool validTicTacToe(vector<string>& board) { bool xwin = false, owin = false; vector<int> row(3), col(3); int diag = 0, antidiag = 0, turns = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) { if (board[i][j] == 'X') { ++row[i]; ++col[j]; ++turns; if (i == j) ++diag; if (i + j == 2) ++antidiag; } else if (board[i][j] == 'O') { --row[i]; --col[j]; --turns; if (i == j) --diag; if (i + j == 2) --antidiag; } } } xwin = row[0] == 3 || row[1] == 3 || row[2] == 3 || col[0] == 3 || col[1] == 3 || col[2] == 3 || diag == 3 || antidiag == 3; owin = row[0] == -3 || row[1] == -3 || row[2] == -3 || col[0] == -3 || col[1] == -3 || col[2] == -3 || diag == -3 || antidiag == -3; if ((xwin && turns == 0) || (owin && turns == 1)) return false; return (turns == 0 || turns == 1) && (!xwin || !owin); } };
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/794
类似题目:
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/valid-tic-tac-toe-state/