[LeetCode] Largest Plus Sign 最大的加型符号
In a 2D grid
from (0, 0) to (N-1, N-1), every cell contains a 1
, except those cells in the given list mines
which are 0
. What is the largest axis-aligned plus sign of 1
s contained in the grid? Return the order of the plus sign. If there is none, return 0.
An "axis-aligned plus sign of 1
s of order k" has some center grid[x][y] = 1
along with 4 arms of length k-1
going up, down, left, and right, and made of 1
s. This is demonstrated in the diagrams below. Note that there could be 0
s or 1
s beyond the arms of the plus sign, only the relevant area of the plus sign is checked for 1s.
Examples of Axis-Aligned Plus Signs of Order k:
Order 1: 000 010 000 Order 2: 00000 00100 01110 00100 00000 Order 3: 0000000 0001000 0001000 0111110 0001000 0001000 0000000
Example 1:
Input: N = 5, mines = [[4, 2]] Output: 2 Explanation: 11111 11111 11111 11111 11011 In the above grid, the largest plus sign can only be order 2. One of them is marked in bold.
Example 2:
Input: N = 2, mines = [] Output: 1 Explanation: There is no plus sign of order 2, but there is of order 1.
Example 3:
Input: N = 1, mines = [[0, 0]] Output: 0 Explanation: There is no plus sign, so return 0.
Note:
N
will be an integer in the range[1, 500]
.mines
will have length at most5000
.mines[i]
will be length 2 and consist of integers in the range[0, N-1]
.- (Additionally, programs submitted in C, C++, or C# will be judged with a slightly smaller time limit.)
这道题给了我们一个数字N,表示一个NxN的二位数字,初始化均为1,又给了一个mines数组,里面是一些坐标,表示数组中这些位置都为0,然后让我们找最大的加型符号。所谓的加型符号是有数字1组成的一个十字型的加号,题目中也给出了长度分别为1,2,3的加型符号的样子。好,理解了题意以后,我们来想想该如何破题。首先,最简单的就是考虑暴力搜索啦,以每个1为中心,向四个方向分别去找,只要任何一个方向遇到了0就停止,然后更新结果res。令博主感到惊讶的是,此题的OJ居然允许Brute Force的解法通过,还是比较大度的,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution { public: int orderOfLargestPlusSign(int N, vector<vector<int>>& mines) { int res = 0; vector<vector<int>> mat(N, vector<int>(N, 1)); for (auto mine : mines) mat[mine[0]][mine[1]] = 0; for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < N; ++j) { int k = 0; while (canExpand(mat, N, i, j, k)) ++k; res = max(res, k); } } return res; } bool canExpand(vector<vector<int>>& mat, int N, int x, int y, int k) { if (x - k < 0 || y - k < 0 || x + k >= N || y + k >= N) return false; return mat[x - k][y] && mat[x][y + k] && mat[x + k][y] && mat[x][y - k]; } };
如果我们只想出暴力搜索的解法,就不再管这道题了的话,那在面试的时候就比较悬了。毕竟立方级的时间复杂度实在是太高了,我们必须要进行优化。暴力搜索的时间复杂度之所以高的原因是因为对于每一个1都要遍历其上下左右四个方向,有大量的重复计算,我们为了提高效率,可以对于每一个点,都计算好其上下左右连续1的个数。博主最先用的方法是建立四个方向的dp数组,dp[i][j]表示 (i, j) 位置上该特定方向连续1的个数,那么就需要4个二维dp数组,举个栗子,比如:
原数组:
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
那么我们建立left数组是当前及其左边连续1的个数,如下所示:
1 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 1 0 1 2
right数组是当前及其右边连续1的个数,如下所示:
1 0 1 0 4 3 2 1 1 0 2 1
up数组是当前及其上边连续1的个数,如下所示:
1 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 3 0 3 2
down数组是当前及其下边连续1的个数,如下所示:
3 0 3 0 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1
我们需要做的是在这四个dp数组中的相同位置的四个值中取最小的一个,然后在所有的这些去除的最小值中选最大一个返回即可。为了节省空间,我们不用四个二维dp数组,而只用一个就可以了,因为对于每一个特定位置,我们只需要保留较小值,所以在更新的时候,只需要跟原来值相比取较小值即可。在计算down数组的时候,我们就可以直接更新结果res了,因为四个值都已经计算过了,我们就不用再重新在外面开for循环了,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: int orderOfLargestPlusSign(int N, vector<vector<int>>& mines) { int res = 0, cnt = 0; vector<vector<int>> dp(N, vector<int>(N, 0)); unordered_set<int> s; for (auto mine : mines) s.insert(mine[0] * N + mine[1]); for (int j = 0; j < N; ++j) { cnt = 0; for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) { // up cnt = s.count(i * N + j) ? 0 : cnt + 1; dp[i][j] = cnt; } cnt = 0; for (int i = N - 1; i >= 0; --i) { // down cnt = s.count(i * N + j) ? 0 : cnt + 1; dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j], cnt); } } for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) { cnt = 0; for (int j = 0; j < N; ++j) { // left cnt = s.count(i * N + j) ? 0 : cnt + 1; dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j], cnt); } cnt = 0; for (int j = N - 1; j >= 0; --j) { // right cnt = s.count(i * N + j) ? 0 : cnt + 1; dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j], cnt); res = max(res, dp[i][j]); } } return res; } };
我们可以进一步的压缩代码,使其更加简洁,我们发现其实只要分别用四个变量l,r,u,d来表示四个方向连续1的个数,既可以将for循环糅合在一起。注意里面内嵌的for循环其实是两个for循环,由j和k分别控制,那么只要弄清i,j,k坐标的位置,就可以同时更新四个方向的dp值了,最后dp数组更新好了之后,我们再秀一波,只用一个for循环来遍历二维数组,其实就是把二维坐标压缩成了一个数字,再解压缩,参见代码如下:
解法三:
class Solution { public: int orderOfLargestPlusSign(int N, vector<vector<int>>& mines) { int res = 0; vector<vector<int>> dp(N, vector<int>(N, N)); for (auto mine : mines) dp[mine[0]][mine[1]] = 0; for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) { int l = 0, r = 0, u = 0, d = 0; for (int j = 0, k = N - 1; j < N; ++j, --k) { dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j], l = (dp[i][j] ? l + 1 : 0)); dp[j][i] = min(dp[j][i], u = (dp[j][i] ? u + 1 : 0)); dp[i][k] = min(dp[i][k], r = (dp[i][k] ? r + 1 : 0)); dp[k][i] = min(dp[k][i], d = (dp[k][i] ? d + 1 : 0)); } } for (int k = 0; k < N * N; ++k) res = max(res, dp[k / N][k % N]); return res; } };
类似题目:
Cheapest Flights Within K Stops
Minimum Swaps To Make Sequences Increasing
Soup Servings
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/largest-plus-sign/solution/