[LeetCode] Design Compressed String Iterator 设计压缩字符串的迭代器

 

Design and implement a data structure for a compressed string iterator. It should support the following operations: next and hasNext.

The given compressed string will be in the form of each letter followed by a positive integer representing the number of this letter existing in the original uncompressed string.

next() - if the original string still has uncompressed characters, return the next letter; Otherwise return a white space.
hasNext() - Judge whether there is any letter needs to be uncompressed.

Note:
Please remember to RESET your class variables declared in StringIterator, as static/class variables are persisted across multiple test cases. Please see here for more details.

Example:

StringIterator iterator = new StringIterator("L1e2t1C1o1d1e1");

iterator.next(); // return 'L'
iterator.next(); // return 'e'
iterator.next(); // return 'e'
iterator.next(); // return 't'
iterator.next(); // return 'C'
iterator.next(); // return 'o'
iterator.next(); // return 'd'
iterator.hasNext(); // return true
iterator.next(); // return 'e'
iterator.hasNext(); // return false
iterator.next(); // return ' '

 

这道题给了我们一个压缩字符串,就是每个字符后面跟上其出现的次数,这里就算只出现一次,后面还是要加上1,那么其实如果当字符串很好有连续字符的时候,压缩字符串反而要比原字符串长。不过这题的重点不在于压缩字符串本身,而是让我们设计一个压缩字符串的迭代器,那么实际上是要我们根据压缩字符串来输出原字符串中的所有字符。那么我们关键就是要取出每个字符和其出现的次数,每当调用一次next,次数减1,如果减到0了,我们就要取出下一个字符和其出现的次数。我们要用个私有变量s来保存原字符串,然后用个变量i来记录当前遍历到的位置,变量c为当前处理的字符,变量cnt为字符c的当前次数。变量i的初始化为0,指向第一个字符,我们在hasNext()函数中,现将s[i]存入c,然后i自增1,然后我们用while循环取出所有的数字,存入cnt中。在next()函数中,如果hasNext()返回true,那么cnt就自减1,返回c;如果hasNext()返回false,那么字节返回空字符。在hasNext()函数中首先判断cnt的值,如果大于0,直接返回true,参见代码如下:

 

解法一:

class StringIterator {
public:
    StringIterator(string compressedString) {
        s = compressedString;
        n = s.size();
        i = 0;
        cnt = 0;
        c = ' ';
    }
    
    char next() {
        if (hasNext()) {
            --cnt;
            return c;
        }
        return ' ';
    }
    
    bool hasNext() {
        if (cnt > 0) return true;
        if (i >= n) return false;
        c = s[i++];
        while (i < n && s[i] >= '0' && s[i] <= '9') {
            cnt = cnt * 10 + s[i++] - '0';
        }
        return true;
    }

private:
    string s;
    int n, i, cnt;
    char c;
};

 

我们可以用C++中的字符流类来处理字符串,写法非常的简洁,可以少定义一些变量,在hasNext()函数中,如果cnt为0了,那么我们用字符流类直接读出下一个字符和次数,然后看是否能读出大于0的次数来返回真假值,参见代码如下:

 

解法二:

class StringIterator {
public:
    StringIterator(string compressedString) {
        is = istringstream(compressedString);
        cnt = 0;
        c = ' ';
    }
    
    char next() {
        if (hasNext()) {
            --cnt;
            return c;
        }
        return ' ';
    }
    
    bool hasNext() {
        if (cnt == 0) {
            is >> c >> cnt;
        }
        return cnt > 0;
    }

private:
    istringstream is;
    int cnt;
    char c;
};

 

下面这种解法还是用字符流类,和上面方法不同的地方是,在构建函数中完成了所有字符和次数的拆分,然后字符和其次数组成一个pair,加入一个队列queue中,这样我们每次处理的时候就直接去queue中取值就行了,这样hasNext()函数就变的非常简洁,只需要判断队列queue是否为空即可,参见代码如下:

 

解法三:

class StringIterator {
public:
    StringIterator(string compressedString) {
        istringstream is(compressedString);
        int cnt = 0;
        char c = ' ';
        while (is >> c >> cnt) {
            q.push({c, cnt});
        }
    }
    
    char next() {
        if (hasNext()) {
            auto &t = q.front();
            if (--t.second == 0) q.pop();
            return t.first;
        }
        return ' ';
    }
    
    bool hasNext() {
        return !q.empty();
    }

private:
    queue<pair<char, int>> q;
};

 

参考资料:

https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/92098/java-concise-single-queue-solution

https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/92159/short-solution-of-c-using-stringstream-python-using-re

 

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

posted @ 2017-06-16 13:14  Grandyang  阅读(4897)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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