[LeetCode] 523. Continuous Subarray Sum 连续的子数组之和
Given an integer array nums
and an integer k
, return true
if nums
has a continuous subarray of size at least two whose elements sum up to a multiple of k
, or false
otherwise.
An integer x
is a multiple of k
if there exists an integer n
such that x = n * k
. 0
is always a multiple of k
.
Example 1:
Input: nums = [23,2,4,6,7], k = 6
Output: true
Explanation: [2, 4] is a continuous subarray of size 2 whose elements sum up to 6.
Example 2:
Input: nums = [23,2,6,4,7], k = 6
Output: true
Explanation: [23, 2, 6, 4, 7] is an continuous subarray of size 5 whose elements sum up to 42.
42 is a multiple of 6 because 42 = 7 * 6 and 7 is an integer.
Example 3:
Input: nums = [23,2,6,4,7], k = 13 Output: false
Constraints:
1 <= nums.length <= 105
0 <= nums[i] <= 109
0 <= sum(nums[i]) <= 231 - 1
1 <= k <= 231 - 1
这道题给了我们一个数组和一个数字k,让求是否存在这样的一个连续的子数组,该子数组的数组之和可以整除k。遇到除法问题,肯定不能忘了除数为0的情况等处理。还有就是如何能快速的遍历所有的子数组,并且求和,这里肯定不能完全的暴力破解,OJ 肯定不答应。需要适当的优化,如果是刷题老司机的话,遇到这种求子数组或者子矩阵之和的题,应该不难想到要建立累加和数组或者累加和矩阵来做。没错,这道题也得这么做,我们要遍历所有的子数组,然后利用累加和来快速求和。在得到每个子数组之和时,先和k比较,如果相同直接返回 true,否则再判断,若k不为0,且 sum 能整除k,同样返回 true,最后遍历结束返回 false,参见代码如下(不过貌似这种方法现在已经超时了):
解法一:
// Time Limit Exceeded (TLE) class Solution { public: bool checkSubarraySum(vector<int>& nums, int k) { for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i) { int sum = nums[i]; for (int j = i + 1; j < nums.size(); ++j) { sum += nums[j]; if (sum == k) return true; if (k != 0 && sum % k == 0) return true; } } return false; } };
下面这种方法用了些技巧,那就是,若数字a和b分别除以数字c,若得到的余数相同,那么 (a-b) 必定能够整除c。感谢热心网友 iChenLei 提供的简易证明:
a % c == b % c
a = mc + d;
b = nc + d;
a - b = mc + d - (nc + d) = (m - n) * c
so (a - b) % c == 0
明白了这条定理,用一个集合 HashSet 来保存所有出现过的余数,如果当前的累加和除以k得到的余数在 HashSet 中已经存在了,那么说明之前必定有一段子数组和可以整除k。需要注意的是k为0的情况,由于无法取余,就把当前累加和放入 HashSet 中。还有就是题目要求子数组至少需要两个数字,那么需要一个变量 pre 来记录之前的和,每次存入 HashSet 中的是 pre,而不是当前的累积和,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: bool checkSubarraySum(vector<int>& nums, int k) { int n = nums.size(), sum = 0, pre = 0; unordered_set<int> st; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { sum += nums[i]; int t = (k == 0) ? sum : (sum % k); if (st.count(t)) return true; st.insert(pre); pre = t; } return false; } };
既然 HashSet 可以做,一般来说用 HashMap 也可以做,这里我们建立余数和当前位置之间的映射,由于有了位置信息,就不需要 pre 变量了,之前用保存的坐标和当前位置i比较判断就可以了,参见代码如下:
解法三:
class Solution { public: bool checkSubarraySum(vector<int>& nums, int k) { int n = nums.size(), sum = 0; unordered_map<int, int> m{{0,-1}}; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { sum += nums[i]; int t = (k == 0) ? sum : (sum % k); if (m.count(t)) { if (i - m[t] > 1) return true; } else m[t] = i; } return false; } };
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/523
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/continuous-subarray-sum/
https://leetcode.com/problems/continuous-subarray-sum/discuss/99567/java-solution
https://leetcode.com/problems/continuous-subarray-sum/discuss/99499/java-on-time-ok-space