[LeetCode] 516. Longest Palindromic Subsequence 最长回文子序列
Given a string s, find the longest palindromic subsequence's length in s. You may assume that the maximum length of s is 1000.
Example 1:
Input:
"bbbab"
Output:
4
One possible longest palindromic subsequence is "bbbb".
Example 2:
Input:
"cbbd"
Output:
2
One possible longest palindromic subsequence is "bb".
Constraints:
1 <= s.length <= 1000
s
consists only of lowercase English letters.
这道题给了我们一个字符串,让求最大的回文子序列,子序列和子字符串不同,不需要连续。而关于回文串的题之前也做了不少,处理方法上就是老老实实的两两比较吧。像这种有关极值的问题,最应该优先考虑的就是贪婪算法和动态规划,这道题显然使用DP更加合适。这里建立一个二维的DP数组,其中 dp[i][j] 表示 [i,j] 区间内的字符串的最长回文子序列,那么对于递推公式分析一下,如果 s[i]==s[j],那么i和j就可以增加2个回文串的长度,我们知道中间 dp[i + 1][j - 1] 的值,那么其加上2就是 dp[i][j] 的值。如果 s[i] != s[j],就可以去掉i或j其中的一个字符,然后比较两种情况下所剩的字符串谁dp值大,就赋给 dp[i][j],那么递推公式如下:
/ dp[i + 1][j - 1] + 2 if (s[i] == s[j])
dp[i][j] =
\ max(dp[i + 1][j], dp[i][j - 1]) if (s[i] != s[j])
解法一:
class Solution { public: int longestPalindromeSubseq(string s) { int n = s.size(); vector<vector<int>> dp(n, vector<int>(n)); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) { dp[i][i] = 1; for (int j = i + 1; j < n; ++j) { if (s[i] == s[j]) { dp[i][j] = dp[i + 1][j - 1] + 2; } else { dp[i][j] = max(dp[i + 1][j], dp[i][j - 1]); } } } return dp[0][n - 1]; } };
我们可以对空间进行优化,只用一个一维的 dp 数组,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: int longestPalindromeSubseq(string s) { int n = s.size(), res = 0; vector<int> dp(n, 1); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) { int len = 0; for (int j = i + 1; j < n; ++j) { int t = dp[j]; if (s[i] == s[j]) { dp[j] = len + 2; } len = max(len, t); } } for (int num : dp) res = max(res, num); return res; } };
下面是递归形式的解法,memo 数组这里起到了一个缓存已经计算过了的结果,这样能提高运算效率,使其不会 TLE,参见代码如下:
解法三:
class Solution { public: int longestPalindromeSubseq(string s) { int n = s.size(); vector<vector<int>> memo(n, vector<int>(n, -1)); return helper(s, 0, n - 1, memo); } int helper(string& s, int i, int j, vector<vector<int>>& memo) { if (memo[i][j] != -1) return memo[i][j]; if (i > j) return 0; if (i == j) return 1; if (s[i] == s[j]) { memo[i][j] = helper(s, i + 1, j - 1, memo) + 2; } else { memo[i][j] = max(helper(s, i + 1, j, memo), helper(s, i, j - 1, memo)); } return memo[i][j]; } };
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/516
类似题目:
Count Different Palindromic Subsequences
Longest Palindromic Subsequence II
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-palindromic-subsequence/