[LeetCode] 414. Third Maximum Number 第三大的数
Given an integer array nums
, return the third distinct maximum number in this array. If the third maximum does not exist, return the maximum number.
Example 1:
Input: nums = [3,2,1] Output: 1 Explanation: The first distinct maximum is 3. The second distinct maximum is 2. The third distinct maximum is 1.
Example 2:
Input: nums = [1,2] Output: 2 Explanation: The first distinct maximum is 2. The second distinct maximum is 1. The third distinct maximum does not exist, so the maximum (2) is returned instead.
Example 3:
Input: nums = [2,2,3,1] Output: 1 Explanation: The first distinct maximum is 3. The second distinct maximum is 2 (both 2's are counted together since they have the same value). The third distinct maximum is 1.
Constraints:
1 <= nums.length <= 10^4
-2^31 <= nums[i] <= 2^31 - 1
这道题让我们求数组中第三大的数,如果不存在的话那么就返回最大的数,题目中说明了这里的第三大不能和第二大相同,必须是严格的小于,而并非小于等于。这道题并不是很难,如果知道怎么求第二大的数,那么求第三大的数的思路都是一样的。那么我们用三个变量first, second, third来分别保存第一大,第二大,和第三大的数,然后我们遍历数组,如果遍历到的数字大于当前第一大的数first,那么三个变量各自错位赋值,如果当前数字大于second,小于first,那么就更新second和third,如果当前数字大于third,小于second,那就只更新third,注意这里有个坑,就是初始化要用长整型long的最小值,否则当数组中有INT_MIN存在时,程序就不知道该返回INT_MIN还是最大值first了,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution { public: int thirdMax(vector<int>& nums) { long first = LONG_MIN, second = LONG_MIN, third = LONG_MIN; for (int num : nums) { if (num > first) { third = second; second = first; first = num; } else if (num > second && num < first) { third = second; second = num; } else if (num > third && num < second) { third = num; } } return (third == LONG_MIN || third == second) ? first : third; } };
下面这种方法的时间复杂度是O(nlgn),不符合题目要求,纯粹是拓宽下思路哈,利用了set的自动排序和自动去重复项的特性,很好的解决了问题,对于遍历到的数字,加入set中,重复项就自动去掉了,如果此时set大小大于3个了,那么我们把set的第一个元素去掉,也就是将第四大的数字去掉,那么就可以看出set始终维护的是最大的三个不同的数字,最后遍历结束后,我们看set的大小是否为3,是的话就返回首元素,不是的话就返回尾元素,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: int thirdMax(vector<int>& nums) { set<int> s; for (int num : nums) { s.insert(num); if (s.size() > 3) { s.erase(s.begin()); } } return s.size() == 3 ? *s.begin() : *s.rbegin(); } };
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/414
类似题目:
Kth Largest Element in an Array
Neither Minimum nor Maximum
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/third-maximum-numberhttps://leetcode.com/problems/third-maximum-number/solutions/90209/short-easy-c-using-set/