[LeetCode] 373. Find K Pairs with Smallest Sums 找和最小的K对数字
You are given two integer arrays nums1
and nums2
sorted in ascending order and an integer k
.
Define a pair (u, v)
which consists of one element from the first array and one element from the second array.
Return the k
pairs (u1, v1), (u2, v2), ..., (uk, vk)
with the smallest sums.
Example 1:
Input: nums1 = [1,7,11], nums2 = [2,4,6], k = 3 Output: [[1,2],[1,4],[1,6]] Explanation: The first 3 pairs are returned from the sequence: [1,2],[1,4],[1,6],[7,2],[7,4],[11,2],[7,6],[11,4],[11,6]
Example 2:
Input: nums1 = [1,1,2], nums2 = [1,2,3], k = 2 Output: [[1,1],[1,1]] Explanation: The first 2 pairs are returned from the sequence: [1,1],[1,1],[1,2],[2,1],[1,2],[2,2],[1,3],[1,3],[2,3]
Example 3:
Input: nums1 = [1,2], nums2 = [3], k = 3 Output: [[1,3],[2,3]] Explanation: All possible pairs are returned from the sequence: [1,3],[2,3]
Constraints:
1 <= nums1.length, nums2.length <= 104
-109 <= nums1[i], nums2[i] <= 109
nums1
andnums2
both are sorted in ascending order.1 <= k <= 1000
Credits:
Special thanks to @elmirap and @StefanPochmann for adding this problem and creating all test cases.
这道题给了我们两个数组,让从每个数组中任意取出一个数字来组成不同的数字对,返回前K个和最小的数字对。那么这道题有多种解法,首先来看 brute force 的解法,这种方法从0循环到数组的个数和k之间的较小值,这样做的好处是如果k远小于数组个数时,不需要计算所有的数字对,而是最多计算 k*k 个数字对,然后将其都保存在 res 里,这时候给 res 排序,用自定义的比较器,就是和的比较,然后把比k多出的数字对删掉即可,参见代码如下(现在这种解法已经没法通过 OJ 了):
解法一:
// Time Limit Exceeded class Solution { public: vector<vector<int>> kSmallestPairs(vector<int>& nums1, vector<int>& nums2, int k) { vector<vector<int>> res; for (int i = 0; i < min((int)nums1.size(), k); ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < min((int)nums2.size(), k); ++j) { res.push_back({nums1[i], nums2[j]}); } } sort(res.begin(), res.end(), [](vector<int> &a, vector<int> &b){return a[0] + a[1] < b[0] + b[1];}); if (res.size() > k) res.erase(res.begin() + k, res.end()); return res; } };
我们也可以使用优先队列 priority_queue 来做,里面放一个 pair 对儿,由一个整型数和一个数组组成,其中整型数就是两个数字之和,数组就包含着两个数字,这样优先队列就可以默认按照两数组之和大小来排序,大的放前面。接下来就是遍历所有两个数字的组合,计算出两数之和 sum,然后此时判断若队列中元素没有超过k个,则此时将 sum 和两个数字组成数组组成 pair 对儿加入到队列中。若元素个数不少于k个,则需要判断队首元素中的两数组之和跟当前两数之和 sum 之间的关系,若 sum 更小,则将队首元素移除,将 sum 和两个数字组成数组组成 pair 对儿加入到队列中,这样保证了队列中一定都是两数和最小的数对儿。遍历结束后,只要把优先队列中的数对儿取出,加入到结果 res 中即可,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: vector<vector<int>> kSmallestPairs(vector<int>& nums1, vector<int>& nums2, int k) { vector<vector<int>> res; priority_queue<pair<int, vector<int>>> pq; for (int num1 : nums1) { for (int num2 : nums2) { int sum = num1 + num2; if (pq.size() < k) { pq.push({sum, {num1, num2}}); } else if (sum < pq.top().first) { pq.pop(); pq.push({sum, {num1, num2}}); } else { break; } } } while (!pq.empty()) { res.push_back(pq.top().second); pq.pop(); } return res; } };
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/373
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/find-k-pairs-with-smallest-sums/