[LeetCode] Flatten Nested List Iterator 压平嵌套链表迭代器
Given a nested list of integers, implement an iterator to flatten it.
Each element is either an integer, or a list -- whose elements may also be integers or other lists.
Example 1:
Given the list [[1,1],2,[1,1]]
,
By calling next repeatedly until hasNext returns false, the order of elements returned by next should be: [1,1,2,1,1]
.
Example 2:
Given the list [1,[4,[6]]]
,
By calling next repeatedly until hasNext returns false, the order of elements returned by next should be: [1,4,6]
.
这道题让我们建立压平嵌套链表的迭代器,关于嵌套链表的数据结构最早出现在Nested List Weight Sum中,而那道题是用的递归的方法来解的,而迭代器一般都是用迭代的方法来解的,而递归一般都需用栈来辅助遍历,由于栈的后进先出的特性,我们在对向量遍历的时候,从后往前把对象压入栈中,那么第一个对象最后压入栈就会第一个取出来处理,我们的hasNext()函数需要遍历栈,并进行处理,如果栈顶元素是整数,直接返回true,如果不是,那么移除栈顶元素,并开始遍历这个取出的list,还是从后往前压入栈,循环停止条件是栈为空,返回false,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class NestedIterator { public: NestedIterator(vector<NestedInteger> &nestedList) { for (int i = nestedList.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) { s.push(nestedList[i]); } } int next() { NestedInteger t = s.top(); s.pop(); return t.getInteger(); } bool hasNext() { while (!s.empty()) { NestedInteger t = s.top(); if (t.isInteger()) return true; s.pop(); for (int i = t.getList().size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) { s.push(t.getList()[i]); } } return false; }
private: stack<NestedInteger> s; };
我们也可以使用deque来代替stack,实现思路和上面完全一样,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class NestedIterator { public: NestedIterator(vector<NestedInteger> &nestedList) { for (auto a : nestedList) { d.push_back(a); } } int next() { NestedInteger t = d.front(); d.pop_front(); return t.getInteger(); } bool hasNext() { while (!d.empty()) { NestedInteger t = d.front(); if (t.isInteger()) return true; d.pop_front(); for (int i = 0; i < t.getList().size(); ++i) { d.insert(d.begin() + i, t.getList()[i]); } } return false; } private: deque<NestedInteger> d; };
虽说迭代器是要用迭代的方法,但是我们可以强行使用递归来解,怎么个强行法呢,就是我们使用一个队列queue,在构造函数的时候就利用迭代的方法把这个嵌套链表全部压平展开,然后在调用hasNext()和next()就很简单了:
解法三:
class NestedIterator { public: NestedIterator(vector<NestedInteger> &nestedList) { make_queue(nestedList); } int next() { int t = q.front(); q.pop(); return t; } bool hasNext() { return !q.empty(); } private: queue<int> q; void make_queue(vector<NestedInteger> &nestedList) { for (auto a : nestedList) { if (a.isInteger()) q.push(a.getInteger()); else make_queue(a.getList()); } } };
类似题目:
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/discuss/95841/simple-solution-with-queue
https://leetcode.com/discuss/95892/concise-c-without-storing-all-values-at-initialization