[LeetCode] 14. Longest Common Prefix 最长公共前缀
Write a function to find the longest common prefix string amongst an array of strings.
If there is no common prefix, return an empty string ""
.
Example 1:
Input: strs = ["flower","flow","flight"] Output: "fl"
Example 2:
Input: strs = ["dog","racecar","car"] Output: "" Explanation: There is no common prefix among the input strings.
Constraints:
1 <= strs.length <= 200
0 <= strs[i].length <= 200
strs[i]
consists of only lowercase English letters.
这道题让我们求一系列字符串的共同前缀,没有什么特别的技巧,无脑查找即可,定义两个变量i和j,其中j是遍历搜索字符串中的字符,i是遍历字符串集中的每个字符串。这里将单词上下排好,则相当于一个各行长度有可能不相等的二维数组,遍历顺序和一般的横向逐行遍历不同,而是采用纵向逐列遍历,在遍历的过程中,如果某一行没有了,说明其为最短的单词,因为共同前缀的长度不能长于最短单词,所以此时返回已经找出的共同前缀。每次取出第一个字符串的某一个位置的单词,然后遍历其他所有字符串的对应位置看是否相等,如果有不满足的直接返回 res,如果都相同,则将当前字符存入结果,继续检查下一个位置的字符,参见代码如下:
C++ 解法一:
class Solution { public: string longestCommonPrefix(vector<string>& strs) { if (strs.empty()) return ""; string res = ""; for (int j = 0; j < strs[0].size(); ++j) { char c = strs[0][j]; for (int i = 1; i < strs.size(); ++i) { if (j >= strs[i].size() || strs[i][j] != c) { return res; } } res.push_back(c); } return res; } };
Java 解法一:
public class Solution { public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) { if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) return ""; String res = new String(); for (int j = 0; j < strs[0].length(); ++j) { char c = strs[0].charAt(j); for (int i = 1; i < strs.length; ++i) { if (j >= strs[i].length() || strs[i].charAt(j) != c) { return res; } } res += Character.toString(c); } return res; } }
我们可以对上面的方法进行适当精简,如果发现当前某个字符和第一个字符串对应位置的字符不相等,说明不会再有更长的共同前缀了,直接通过用 substr 的方法直接取出共同前缀的子字符串。如果遍历结束前没有返回结果的话,说明第一个单词就是公共前缀,返回为结果即可。代码如下:
C++ 解法二:
class Solution { public: string longestCommonPrefix(vector<string>& strs) { if (strs.empty()) return ""; for (int j = 0; j < strs[0].size(); ++j) { for (int i = 0; i < strs.size(); ++i) { if (j >= strs[i].size() || strs[i][j] != strs[0][j]) { return strs[i].substr(0, j); } } } return strs[0]; } };
Java 解法二:
class Solution { public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) { if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) return ""; for (int j = 0; j < strs[0].length(); ++j) { for (int i = 0; i < strs.length; ++i) { if (j >= strs[i].length() || strs[i].charAt(j) != strs[0].charAt(j)) { return strs[i].substring(0, j); } } } return strs[0]; } }
我们再来看一种解法,这种方法给输入字符串数组排了个序,想想这样做有什么好处?既然是按字母顺序排序的话,那么有共同字母多的两个字符串会被排到一起,而跟大家相同的字母越少的字符串会被挤到首尾两端,那么如果有共同前缀的话,一定会出现在首尾两端的字符串中,所以只需要找首尾字母串的共同前缀即可。比如例子1排序后为 ["flight", "flow", "flower"],例子2排序后为 ["cat", "dog", "racecar"],虽然例子2没有共同前缀,但也可以认为共同前缀是空串,且出现在首尾两端的字符串中。由于是按字母顺序排的,而不是按长度,所以首尾字母的长度关系不知道,为了防止溢出错误,只遍历而这种较短的那个的长度,找出共同前缀返回即可,参见代码如下:
C++ 解法三:
class Solution { public: string longestCommonPrefix(vector<string>& strs) { if (strs.empty()) return ""; sort(strs.begin(), strs.end()); int i = 0, len = min(strs[0].size(), strs.back().size()); while (i < len && strs[0][i] == strs.back()[i]) ++i; return strs[0].substr(0, i); } };
Java 解法三:
class Solution { public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) { if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) return ""; Arrays.sort(strs); int i = 0, len = Math.min(strs[0].length(), strs[strs.length - 1].length()); while (i < len && strs[0].charAt(i) == strs[strs.length - 1].charAt(i)) i++; return strs[0].substring(0, i); } }
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/14
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-common-prefix
https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-common-prefix/discuss/6910/Java-code-with-13-lines
https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-common-prefix/discuss/6940/Java-We-Love-Clear-Code!
https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-common-prefix/discuss/6926/Accepted-c%2B%2B-6-lines-4ms