[LeetCode] 28. Find the Index of the First Occurrence in a String 找出字符串中第一个匹配项的下标
Given two strings needle
and haystack
, return the index of the first occurrence of needle
in haystack
, or -1
if needle
is not part of haystack
.
Example 1:
Input: haystack = "sadbutsad", needle = "sad" Output: 0 Explanation: "sad" occurs at index 0 and 6. The first occurrence is at index 0, so we return 0.
Example 2:
Input: haystack = "leetcode", needle = "leeto" Output: -1 Explanation: "leeto" did not occur in "leetcode", so we return -1.
Constraints:
1 <= haystack.length, needle.length <= 104
haystack
andneedle
consist of only lowercase English characters.
这道题让在一个字符串中找另一个字符串第一次出现的位置,那首先要做一些判断,如果子字符串为空,则返回0,如果子字符串长度大于母字符串长度,则返回 -1。然后开始遍历母字符串,这里并不需要遍历整个母字符串,而是遍历到剩下的长度和子字符串相等的位置即可,这样可以提高运算效率。然后对于每一个字符,都遍历一遍子字符串,一个一个字符的对应比较,如果对应位置有不等的,则跳出循环,如果一直都没有跳出循环,则说明子字符串出现了,则返回起始位置即可,代码如下:
class Solution { public: int strStr(string haystack, string needle) { if (needle.empty()) return 0; int m = haystack.size(), n = needle.size(); if (m < n) return -1; for (int i = 0; i <= m - n; ++i) { int j = 0; for (j = 0; j < n; ++j) { if (haystack[i + j] != needle[j]) break; } if (j == n) return i; } return -1; } };
我们也可以写的更加简洁一些,开头直接套两个 for 循环,不写终止条件,然后判断假如j到达 needle 的末尾了,此时返回i;若此时 i+j 到达 haystack 的长度了,返回 -1;否则若当前对应的字符不匹配,直接跳出当前循环,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: int strStr(string haystack, string needle) { for (int i = 0; ; ++i) { for (int j = 0; ; ++j) { if (j == needle.size()) return i; if (i + j == haystack.size()) return -1; if (needle[j] != haystack[i + j]) break; } } return -1; } };
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/28
类似题目:
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/implement-strstr/
https://leetcode.com/problems/implement-strstr/discuss/12807/Elegant-Java-solution
https://leetcode.com/problems/implement-strstr/discuss/12956/C%2B%2B-Brute-Force-and-KMP