[LeetCode] 1. Two Sum 两数之和
Given an array of integers nums
and an integer target
, return indices of the two numbers such that they add up to target
.
You may assume that each input would have exactly one solution, and you may not use the same element twice.
You can return the answer in any order.
Example 1:
Input: nums = [2,7,11,15], target = 9 Output: [0,1] Explanation: Because nums[0] + nums[1] == 9, we return [0, 1].
Example 2:
Input: nums = [3,2,4], target = 6 Output: [1,2]
Example 3:
Input: nums = [3,3], target = 6 Output: [0,1]
Constraints:
2 <= nums.length <= 104
-109 <= nums[i] <= 109
-109 <= target <= 109
- Only one valid answer exists.
Follow-up: Can you come up with an algorithm that is less than O(n2)
time complexity?
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这道题给了我们一个数组,还有一个目标数target,让找到两个数字,使其和为 target,乍一看就感觉可以用暴力搜索,但是猜到 OJ 肯定不会允许用暴力搜索这么简单的方法,于是去试了一下,果然是 Time Limit Exceeded,这个算法的时间复杂度是 O(n^2)。那么只能想个 O(n) 的算法来实现,由于暴力搜索的方法是遍历所有的两个数字的组合,然后算其和,这样虽然节省了空间,但是时间复杂度高。一般来说,为了提高时间的复杂度,需要用空间来换,这算是一个 trade off 吧,但这里只想用线性的时间复杂度来解决问题,就是说只能遍历一个数字,那么另一个数字呢,可以事先将其存储起来,使用一个 HashMap,来建立数字和其坐标位置之间的映射,由于 HashMap 是常数级的查找效率,这样在遍历数组的时候,用 target 减去遍历到的数字,就是另一个需要的数字了,直接在 HashMap 中查找其是否存在即可,注意要判断查找到的数字不是第一个数字,比如 target 是4,遍历到了一个2,那么另外一个2不能是之前那个2,整个实现步骤为:先遍历一遍数组,建立 HashMap 映射,然后再遍历一遍,开始查找,找到则记录 index。代码如下:
C++ 解法一:
class Solution { public: vector<int> twoSum(vector<int>& nums, int target) { unordered_map<int, int> m; vector<int> res; for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i) { m[nums[i]] = i; } for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i) { int t = target - nums[i]; if (m.count(t) && m[t] != i) { res.push_back(i); res.push_back(m[t]); break; } } return res; } };
Java 解法一:
public class Solution { public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) { HashMap<Integer, Integer> m = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>(); int[] res = new int[2]; for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) { m.put(nums[i], i); } for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) { int t = target - nums[i]; if (m.containsKey(t) && m.get(t) != i) { res[0] = i; res[1] = m.get(t); break; } } return res; } }
或者可以写的更加简洁一些,把两个 for 循环合并成一个:
C++ 解法二:
class Solution { public: vector<int> twoSum(vector<int>& nums, int target) { unordered_map<int, int> m; for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i) { if (m.count(target - nums[i])) { return {i, m[target - nums[i]]}; } m[nums[i]] = i; } return {}; } };
Java 解法二:
public class Solution { public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) { HashMap<Integer, Integer> m = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>(); int[] res = new int[2]; for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) { if (m.containsKey(target - nums[i])) { res[0] = i; res[1] = m.get(target - nums[i]); break; } m.put(nums[i], i); } return res; } }
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/1
类似题目:
Two Sum III - Data structure design
Two Sum II - Input array is sorted
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/two-sum/
https://leetcode.com/problems/two-sum/discuss/3/Accepted-Java-O(n)-Solution
https://leetcode.com/problems/two-sum/discuss/13/Accepted-C++-O(n)-Solution