[LeetCode] 67. Add Binary 二进制数求和
Given two binary strings a
and b
, return their sum as a binary string.
Example 1:
Input: a = "11", b = "1" Output: "100"
Example 2:
Input: a = "1010", b = "1011" Output: "10101"
Constraints:
1 <= a.length, b.length <= 104
a
andb
consist only of'0'
or'1'
characters.- Each string does not contain leading zeros except for the zero itself.
二进制数相加,并且保存在 string 中,要注意的是如何将 string 和 int 之间互相转换,并且每位相加时,会有进位的可能,会影响之后相加的结果。而且两个输入 string 的长度也可能会不同。这时我们需要新建一个 string,它的长度是两条输入 string 中的较大的那个,并且把较短的那个输入 string 通过在开头加字符 ‘0’ 来补的较大的那个长度。这时候逐个从两个 string 的末尾开始取出字符,然后转为数字,相加,如果大于等于2,则标记进位标志 carry,并且给新 string 加入一个字符 ‘0’。代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution { public: string addBinary(string a, string b) { string res; int na = a.size(), nb = b.size(), n = max(na, nb), carry = 0; if (na > nb) { b = string(na - nb, '0') + b; } else { a = string(nb - na, '0') + a; } for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) { int sum = (a[i] - '0') + (b[i] - '0') + carry; res = to_string(sum % 2) + res; carry = sum / 2; } return carry == 1 ? "1" + res : res; } };
下面这种写法又巧妙又简洁,用了两个指针分别指向a和b的末尾,然后每次取出一个字符,转为数字,若无法取出字符则按0处理,然后定义进位 carry,初始化为0,将三者加起来,对2取余即为当前位的数字,对2取商即为当前进位的值,记得最后还要判断下 carry,如果为1的话,要在结果最前面加上一个1,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: string addBinary(string a, string b) { string res = ""; int m = a.size() - 1, n = b.size() - 1, carry = 0; while (m >= 0 || n >= 0) { int p = m >= 0 ? a[m--] - '0' : 0; int q = n >= 0 ? b[n--] - '0' : 0; int sum = p + q + carry; res = to_string(sum % 2) + res; carry = sum / 2; } return carry == 1 ? "1" + res : res; } };
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/67
类似题目:
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/add-binary/
https://leetcode.com/problems/add-binary/discuss/24475/short-code-by-c
https://leetcode.com/problems/add-binary/discuss/24488/Short-AC-solution-in-Java-with-explanation