[js高手之路]打造通用的匀速运动框架
本文,是接着上文[js高手之路]匀速运动与实例实战(侧边栏,淡入淡出)继续的,在这篇文章的最后,我们做了2个小实例:侧边栏与改变透明度的淡入淡出效果,本文我们把上文的animate函数,继续改造,让他变得更加的通用和强大:
1,支持多个物体的运动
2,同时运动
3,顺序运动
这三种运动方式也是jquery中animate函数支持的
一、animate函数中怎么区分变化不同的样式?
上文中,侧边栏效果 用的animate函数 改变的是left值
1 function animate(obj, target, speed) { 2 clearInterval(timer); 3 timer = setInterval(function () { 4 if (obj.offsetLeft == target) { 5 clearInterval(timer); 6 } else { 7 obj.style.left = obj.offsetLeft + speed + 'px'; 8 } 9 }, 30); 10 }
淡入淡出效果 用的animate函数 改变的是透明度
1 function animate(obj, target, speed) { 2 clearInterval(timer); 3 var cur = 0; 4 timer = setInterval(function () { 5 cur = css( obj, 'opacity') * 100; 6 if( cur == target ){ 7 clearInterval( timer ); 8 }else { 9 cur += speed; 10 obj.style.opacity = cur / 100; 11 obj.style.filter = "alpha(opacity:" + cur + ")"; 12 } 13 }, 30); 14 }
而我们封装的函数,要变成通用的,首先面临的问题就是 这个函数要同时支持left值和透明度的变化,更通用的做法应该是要支持所有的样式变化,比如轮播功能,他有左右滑动,也有上下滑动。
我们可以在获取样式和改变样式的时候,做一下判断就可以了,判断分2类就能达到目的,因为其他样式( margin, left, top, right, font-size等等 )都是px,而透明度没有px单位
1 function animate(obj, attr, target, speed) { 2 clearInterval(timer); 3 var cur = 0; 4 timer = setInterval(function () { 5 if (attr == 'opacity') { 6 cur = css(obj, 'opacity') * 100; 7 } else { 8 cur = parseInt(css(obj, attr)); 9 } 10 11 if (cur == target) { 12 clearInterval(timer); 13 } else { 14 if (attr == 'opacity') { 15 obj.style.opacity = ( cur + speed ) / 100; 16 obj.style.filter = "alpha(opacity:" + (cur + speed) + ")"; 17 } else { 18 obj.style[attr] = cur + speed + "px"; 19 } 20 } 21 }, 30); 22 }
合并之后的animate相比之前多了一个参数attr, 这个参数就是变化的样式,obj: 变化的对象, target: 样式需要变化到的目标值. speed: 样式每次变化的大小
如:
1 <!doctype html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>合并的运动 - by ghostwu</title> 6 <style> 7 img { 8 border: none; 9 opacity: 0.3; 10 filter: alpha(opacity:30); 11 position: absolute; 12 left: 200px; 13 } 14 15 #box { 16 width: 150px; 17 height: 300px; 18 background: red; 19 position: absolute; 20 left: -150px; 21 top: 50px; 22 } 23 24 #box div { 25 width: 28px; 26 height: 100px; 27 position: absolute; 28 right: -28px; 29 top: 100px; 30 background: green; 31 } 32 </style> 33 <script> 34 window.onload = function () { 35 var oImg = document.getElementById("img"), 36 oBox = document.getElementById("box"), 37 timer = null; 38 39 oImg.onmouseover = function () { 40 animate(this, 'opacity', 100, 10); 41 } 42 oImg.onmouseout = function () { 43 animate(this, 'opacity', 30, -10); 44 } 45 46 oBox.onmouseover = function () { 47 animate(this, 'left', 0, 10); 48 } 49 50 oBox.onmouseout = function () { 51 animate(this, 'left', -150, -10); 52 } 53 54 function animate(obj, attr, target, speed) { 55 clearInterval(timer); 56 var cur = 0; 57 timer = setInterval(function () { 58 if (attr == 'opacity') { 59 cur = css(obj, 'opacity') * 100; 60 } else { 61 cur = parseInt(css(obj, attr)); 62 } 63 64 if (cur == target) { 65 clearInterval(timer); 66 } else { 67 if (attr == 'opacity') { 68 obj.style.opacity = ( cur + speed ) / 100; 69 obj.style.filter = "alpha(opacity:" + (cur + speed) + ")"; 70 } else { 71 obj.style[attr] = cur + speed + "px"; 72 } 73 } 74 }, 30); 75 } 76 77 function css(obj, attr) { 78 if (obj.currentStyle) { 79 return obj.currentStyle[attr]; 80 } else { 81 return getComputedStyle(obj, false)[attr]; 82 } 83 } 84 } 85 </script> 86 </head> 87 <body> 88 <div id="box"> 89 <div>分享到</div> 90 </div> 91 <img src="./img/h4.jpg" alt="" id="img"/> 92 </body> 93 </html>
上述就是完整的代码实例,请自行展开,点击run code预览效果
1 <!doctype html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>Document</title> 6 <style> 7 img { 8 border: none; 9 opacity: 0.3; 10 filter: alpha(opacity:30); 11 position: absolute; 12 left: 200px; 13 } 14 15 #box { 16 width: 150px; 17 height: 300px; 18 background: red; 19 position: absolute; 20 left: -150px; 21 top: 50px; 22 } 23 24 #box div { 25 width: 28px; 26 height: 100px; 27 position: absolute; 28 right: -28px; 29 top: 100px; 30 background: green; 31 } 32 </style> 33 <script> 34 window.onload = function () { 35 var oImg = document.getElementById("img"), 36 oBox = document.getElementById("box"); 37 38 oImg.onmouseover = function () { 39 animate(this, 'opacity', 100, 10); 40 } 41 oImg.onmouseout = function () { 42 animate(this, 'opacity', 30, -10); 43 } 44 45 oBox.onmouseover = function () { 46 animate(this, 'left', 0, 10); 47 } 48 49 oBox.onmouseout = function () { 50 animate(this, 'left', -150, -10); 51 } 52 53 function animate(obj, attr, target, speed) { 54 clearInterval(obj.timer); 55 var cur = 0; 56 obj.timer = setInterval(function () { 57 if (attr == 'opacity') { 58 cur = css(obj, 'opacity') * 100; 59 } else { 60 cur = parseInt(css(obj, attr)); 61 } 62 63 if (cur == target) { 64 clearInterval(obj.timer); 65 } else { 66 if (attr == 'opacity') { 67 obj.style.opacity = ( cur + speed ) / 100; 68 obj.style.filter = "alpha(opacity:" + (cur + speed) + ")"; 69 } else { 70 obj.style[attr] = cur + speed + "px"; 71 } 72 } 73 }, 30); 74 } 75 76 function css(obj, attr) { 77 if (obj.currentStyle) { 78 return obj.currentStyle[attr]; 79 } else { 80 return getComputedStyle(obj, false)[attr]; 81 } 82 } 83 } 84 </script> 85 </head> 86 <body> 87 <div id="box"> 88 <div>分享到</div> 89 </div> 90 <img src="./img/h4.jpg" alt="" id="img"/> 91 </body> 92 </html>
至此,我们就完成了多物体运动与不同样式的修改
二、让animate函数支持多个样式同时改变
比如:
oBox.onmouseover = function(){
animate( this, { "width" : 500, "height" : 400 }, 10 );
}
oBox是一个div元素,animate各参数的意思:
this: 当前div元素
{width : 500, "height" : 400 } : 把宽度变成500, 高度变成400,这两个样式要在同一时间完成,
10: 样式每次在原来的基础上变化10(如width初始值200--> 210, 220, 230.....)
完整的同时运动变化 代码:
1 <!doctype html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>Document</title> 6 <style> 7 div { 8 width: 200px; 9 height: 200px; 10 background: red; 11 } 12 </style> 13 <script> 14 window.onload = function () { 15 var oBox = document.getElementById("box"); 16 oBox.onmouseover = function(){ 17 // animate( this, { "width" : 500, "height" : 500 }, 10 ); 18 animate( this, { "width" : 500, "height" : 400 }, 10 ); 19 } 20 21 function animate(obj, attr, speed) { 22 clearInterval(obj.timer); 23 var cur = 0; 24 obj.timer = setInterval(function () { 25 for ( var key in attr ) { 26 if (key == 'opacity') { 27 cur = css(obj, 'opacity') * 100; 28 } else { 29 cur = parseInt(css(obj, key)); 30 } 31 var target = attr[key]; 32 if (cur == target) { 33 clearInterval(obj.timer); 34 } else { 35 if (key == 'opacity') { 36 obj.style.opacity = ( cur + speed ) / 100; 37 obj.style.filter = "alpha(opacity:" + (cur + speed) + ")"; 38 } else { 39 obj.style[key] = cur + speed + "px"; 40 } 41 } 42 } 43 }, 30); 44 } 45 46 function css(obj, attr) { 47 if (obj.currentStyle) { 48 return obj.currentStyle[attr]; 49 } else { 50 return getComputedStyle(obj, false)[attr]; 51 } 52 } 53 } 54 </script> 55 </head> 56 <body> 57 <div id="box"></div> 58 </body> 59 </html>
请自行展开这段代码,这段代码能够同时运动,但是有一个问题:
div的初始宽度与高度( width : 200, height : 200)
变化步长一样( 10 )
变化时间一样( 每30毫秒变化一次 )
目标( width: 500, height : 400 )
你能想到什么问题吗?( 两个人在同一起跑线上,速度一样, 时间一样,但是要同时到达不同的目标,一个500, 一个400 )
答案是很明显的,肯定是目标近的( height : 400 )那个先到达,然后把对象上的定时器关了,另一个目标更远的( width: 500 )肯定到达不了
你可以在这句代码下面,输出当前的值和目标值:
输出来的结果是:
从上图可以看出,height已经达到了400px,但是width停在了410px,为什么不是400px ? 因为width = 400的时候, 就是( cur == 500 ) 相当于( 400 == 500 ) 不成立,所以执行了else语句,width = cur + 10 = 400 + 10 = 410,然后height到达400px停止了定时器,所以width停在了410px.
那么我们怎么解决这个问题呢?
其实也好办,就是height = 400的时候 不要把定时器关了,应该等width = 500的时候再关闭定时器,不就在同一时间,完成了同时到达目标的效果吗?
修改后的代码如下:
1 <!doctype html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>Document</title> 6 <style> 7 div { 8 width: 200px; 9 height: 200px; 10 background: red; 11 } 12 </style> 13 <script> 14 window.onload = function () { 15 var oBox = document.getElementById("box"); 16 oBox.onmouseover = function(){ 17 animate( this, { "width" : 500, "height" : 400 }, 10 ); 18 } 19 20 function animate(obj, attr, speed) { 21 clearInterval(obj.timer); 22 var cur = 0; 23 obj.timer = setInterval(function () { 24 var bFlag = true; 25 for ( var key in attr ) { 26 if (key == 'opacity') { 27 cur = css(obj, 'opacity') * 100; 28 } else { 29 cur = parseInt(css(obj, key)); 30 } 31 var target = attr[key]; 32 if (cur != target) { 33 bFlag = false; 34 if (key == 'opacity') { 35 obj.style.opacity = ( cur + speed ) / 100; 36 obj.style.filter = "alpha(opacity:" + (cur + speed) + ")"; 37 } else { 38 obj.style[key] = cur + speed + "px"; 39 } 40 } 41 } 42 if ( bFlag ) { 43 clearInterval( obj.timer ); 44 } 45 }, 30); 46 } 47 48 function css(obj, attr) { 49 if (obj.currentStyle) { 50 return obj.currentStyle[attr]; 51 } else { 52 return getComputedStyle(obj, false)[attr]; 53 } 54 } 55 } 56 </script> 57 </head> 58 <body> 59 <div id="box"></div> 60 </body> 61 </html>
声明一个变量,每次变化完一次( width, height )样式 把bFlag = true, 只要在for循环中有一个没有到达目标,bFlag的值都是false,这样就不会关闭定时器。当两个都到达目标,才关闭定时器.
三、顺序运动
如样式变化,按顺序来,不是同时变化, 如:
oBox.onmouseover = function(){
//回调函数: 把函数当做参数传递给另一个函数
animate( this, { 'width' : 500 }, 10, function(){
animate( this, { 'height' : 500 }, 10 );
} );
}
当把width变成500px的时候,如果传递了回调函数, 再接着执行回调函数里面的运动
修改后的完整代码:
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html> 3 <head lang="en"> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>通用的匀速运动框架 - by ghostwu</title> 6 <style> 7 div { 8 width: 200px; 9 height: 200px; 10 background: red; 11 } 12 </style> 13 <script> 14 window.onload = function () { 15 var oBox = document.getElementById("box"); 16 oBox.onmouseover = function(){ 17 //回调函数: 把函数当做参数传递给另一个函数 18 animate( this, { 'width' : 500 }, 10, function(){ 19 animate( this, { 'height' : 500 }, 10 ); 20 } ); 21 } 22 23 function animate(obj, attr, speed, fn ) { 24 25 clearInterval(obj.timer); 26 var cur = 0; 27 obj.timer = setInterval(function () { 28 var bFlag = true; 29 for (var key in attr) { 30 if (key == 'opacity') { 31 cur = css(obj, 'opacity') * 100; 32 } else { 33 cur = parseInt(css(obj, key)); 34 } 35 var target = attr[key]; 36 if (cur != target) { 37 bFlag = false; 38 if (key == 'opacity') { 39 obj.style.opacity = ( cur + speed ) / 100; 40 obj.style.filter = "alpha(opacity:" + (cur + speed) + ")"; 41 } else { 42 obj.style[key] = cur + speed + "px"; 43 } 44 } 45 } 46 47 if (bFlag) { 48 clearInterval(obj.timer); 49 fn && fn.call( obj ); 50 } 51 }, 30); 52 } 53 54 function css(obj, attr) { 55 if (obj.currentStyle) { 56 return obj.currentStyle[attr]; 57 } else { 58 return getComputedStyle(obj, false)[attr]; 59 } 60 } 61 } 62 </script> 63 </head> 64 <body> 65 <div id="box"></div> 66 </body> 67 </html>