基础SELECT实例

SELECT查询语句

  ---进行单条记录、多条记录、单表、多表、子查询……

SELECT
    [ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW ]
      [HIGH_PRIORITY]
      [MAX_STATEMENT_TIME = N]
      [STRAIGHT_JOIN]
      [SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_BUFFER_RESULT]
      [SQL_CACHE | SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS]
    select_expr [, select_expr ...]
    [FROM table_references
      [PARTITION partition_list]
    [WHERE where_condition]
    [GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position}
      [ASC | DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]]
    [HAVING where_condition]
    [ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position}
      [ASC | DESC], ...]
    [LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}]
    [PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_list)]
    [INTO OUTFILE 'file_name'
        [CHARACTER SET charset_name]
        export_options
      | INTO DUMPFILE 'file_name'
      | INTO var_name [, var_name]]
    [FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE]]

select书写使用技巧:

  ①确认需要访问数据来自哪几张表

    from来自某张表或者某几张表

    join添加某张表

    on表连接条件

  记住一点:每关联一个表就需要加上对应的on条件on条件就是主外键条件

  ②通过where条件过滤数据

  ③确认需求里面是否有分组聚合的含义

    分组:group by

    聚合:聚合函数

    聚合条件过滤:having

  ④是否需要排序

    order by

 

1、查询某张表所有数据

mysql> select * from temp;

解析:*代表所有列,temp代表表名,不带条件就查询所有数据

 

2、查询指定列和条件的数据

mysql> select name,age from temp where age = 22;

解析:查询name和age这两列,age 等于22的数据。

 

3、对查询的数据进行运算操作

mysql> select age+2,age/2,age-2,age*2 from temp where age-2 > 22;

mysql> select PLAYRNO,AMOUNT,AMOUNT*6.5 “Ren Min Bi” from PENALTIES;

解析:查询AMOUNT列数据乘6.5并改列名为Ren Min Bi

使用小括号可以改变运算的优先级

 

4、concat函数,字符串连接

mysql> select NAME,concat(TOWN,STREET,HOUSENO) “player Home Address” from PLAYERS;

解析:利用concat函数将TOWN,STREET,HOUSENO三列的字符串连接起来,别名列为player Home Address(可以在concat里加' '进行分隔)

注意:concat和null进行连接,会导致连接后的数据成为null

mysql> select * from t1;
+------+--------+--------+
| id   | First  | Last   |
+------+--------+--------+
|    1 | zhang  | jiacai |
|    2 | linghu | NULL   |
+------+--------+--------+

mysql> select id,concat(First,' ',Last) from t1;
+------+------------------------+
| id   | concat(First,' ',Last) |
+------+------------------------+
|    1 | zhang jiacai           |
|    2 | NULL                   |
+------+------------------------+

concat_ws函数,指定分隔符的字符串连接

mysql> select id,concat_ws(':',First,Last) "Full Name" from t1;
+------+--------------+
| id   | Full Name    |
+------+--------------+
|    1 | zhang:jiacai |
|    2 | linghu       |
+------+--------------+

圆括号里的第一个位置用来指定字符串连接的分隔符

 

5、as 列别名(或省略,留空格)

mysql> select id as 'num' from t1;

mysql> select id 'num',First from t1;

 

6、distinct关键字去掉重复数据

mysql> select * from t2;
+------+
| num  |
+------+
|    1 |
|    1 |
|    1 |
| 2 | +------+ mysql> select distinct num from t2; +------+ | num | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | +------+ distinct 多列:去重的是同行多列组合的重复数据 mysql> select distinct id, age from temp;

 

7、where条件查询

where语句中的条件比较:大于>、大于等于>=、小于<、小于等于<=、等于=、不等于<>

mysql> select * from tableName where a>2 or a>=3 or a<5 or a<=6 or a=7 or a<>0;

 

8、and 并且、or 或者、not非

mysql> select * from temp where age>20 and name=‘jack’;

解析:查询name等于jack并且年龄大于20的

mysql> select * from tmep where name=‘jack’ or name=‘jackson’;

解析:查询name是jack或是jackson的

mysql> select * from temp where not (age > 20);

解析:取小于等于20的数据

mysql> select * from temp where id not in(1, 2);

解析:查询id数不是1,也不是2的

 

9、between v1 and v2:v1和v2之间

mysql> select * form temp where age between 20 and 25;

解析:查询age在20和25之间的

 

10、in 查询:多个条件 类似于or

mysql> select * from temp where id in (1, 2, 3);

解析:查询id在括号中出现的数据

 

11、like 模糊查询

%:替代0个或多个字符

_:替代一个字符

mysql> select * from temp where name like ‘j%’;

解析:查询name以j开头的(%通配所有)

mysql> select * from temp where name like ‘%k%’;

解析:查询name包含k的

escape转义

mysql> select * from temp where name like ‘\_%’ escape ‘\’;

解析:指定\为转义字符,上面的就可以查询name中以“_”开头的数据

 

12、is null、is not null

mysql> select * from temp where name is null;

解析:查询为null的数据

mysql> select * from temp where name is not null;

解析:查询不为null的数据

 

13、order by排序:desc降序、asc升序

mysql> select * from temp order by id;  (默认asc升排序)

mysql> select * from temp order by id desc;  (指定降序排)

多列组合

mysql> select * from temp order by id, age;

 

14、limit子句:从结果集中选取最前面或最后面的几行

  通常和order by连用,放其后面

limit  <获取的行数> [OFFSET <跳过的行数>]

limit [<跳过的行数>,] <获取的行数> 

mysql> select playerno,name from players order by playerno asc limit 3,5; 
mysql> select playerno,name from players order by playerno asc limit 5 offset 3;
解析:跳过前面的3行,从第4行开始取,取5行

注意:MySQL5.7 doesn't yet support 'LIMIT & IN/ALL/ANY/SOME subquery'

 

15、group by、having 分组聚合

select [聚合函数] 字段名 from 表名

  [where 查询条件]

  [group by 字段名]

  [having 过滤条件]

mysql> select salary,count(*) from salary_tab
    -> where salary>=2000
    -> group by salary
    -> having count(*)>=0;
+---------+----------+
| salary  | count(*) |
+---------+----------+
| 2000.00 |        1 |
| 3000.00 |        1 |
+---------+----------+

 

##########欲知详细解析,请听下回分解##########

posted @ 2017-04-18 21:10  GeaoZhang  阅读(2364)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报