english

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B) gerontology has suddenly become popular 

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When you close your eyes and try to think of the shape of your own body, what you imagine (or rather, what you feel) is quite different from what you see when you open your eyes and look in the mirror. The image you feel is much more indefinite than the one you see. And if you lie still, it is quite hard to imagine yourself as having any particular size or shape. When you move, when you feel the weight of your arms and legs and the natural resistance of the objects around you, the 'felt' image of yourself starts to become clearer. It is almost as if it were created by your own actions and the sensations they cause. The image you create for yourself has rather strange proportions: certain parts feel much larger than they look. If you thrust your tongue into a hole in one of your teeth, it feels enormous; you are often surprised by how small it looks when you inspect it in the mirror. But although the 'felt' image may not have the shape you see in the mirror, it is much more important. It is the image through which you recognize your physical existence in the world. In spite of its strange proportions, it is all one piece, and since it has a consistent right and left, and top and bottom, it allows you to locate new sensations when they occur. It allows you to find your nose in the dark, scratch itches and point to a pain.
1. The passage suggests that when you close your eyes, the 'felt' image is ________.
A . less clear than the real shape of your body
B . characterized by having special size and shape
C . like your body lying still in bed
D . the same as what you see in the mirror
2. The word "it" (Para.2, line 3) refers to ______.
A . the movement of your arms and legs
B . the natural resistance
C . the weight of the body
D . the 'felt' image
3. Which of the following describes the image created for yourself?
A . A hole in a tooth seems larger than it looks in the mirror. 
B . Your tongue is unable to feel a pain in your teeth even if there is one.
C . You are surprised how small your body is when you look at yourself in the mirror.
D . Your arms and legs feel strange resistance from the objects around you.
4. According to the author, the 'felt' image makes you ________.
A . develop more sensations for your body
B . increase your sense of directions
C . know more about your body parts
D . feel that your body exists in the world
5. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A . The difference between the 'felt' image and the "created" image.
B . The great importance of the 'felt' image.
C . The way of recognizing your physical existence.
D . The functions of your body parts.

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Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human resource expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day.” It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves," he says.
     "Resumes arrive with stains; some candidates don't bother to spell the company's name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate," Crossley concludes. "If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?"
     Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward." To keep from losing the forest for trees," says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, "we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we are working on fit into the large picture. If they don't, we should drop them and move to something else."
     Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. "The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time,” says Garfield. "But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary." Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.
     Too often we believe what accounts for others' success is some special secret or a luck break. But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.
1. According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected _______.
A . because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume
B . because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applications
C . because they eliminated their names from the applicants' list themselves
D . because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume
2. The word "perfectionists" (Para 3, Line 1) refers to those who ______.
A . know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances
B . demand others to get everything absolutely right
C . are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do
D . pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives
3. Which of the following is the author's advice to the reader?
A . Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked
B . Don't forget details when you draw pictures.
C . Careless applicants are not to be trusted.
D . Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it.
4. The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that ________.
A . adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work
B . minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives
C . keeping one's goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked
D . failure is the mother of success
5. The best title of this passage would be ________.
A . Don't be a perfectionist
B . Hard Work plus Good Luck
C . Details and Major Objectives
D . Importance of Adjustments

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Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition -- a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives. Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions -- tiny globules of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in what's in the globules and what's in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation. In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. "This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture," he says. When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients. They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products." In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing," says Brocklehurst. The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food's structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.
1. The significance of Brocklehurst's research is that _________.
A . it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butter
B . it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butter
C . it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition
D . it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservatives
2. According to the researchers, cream sours faster than butter because bacteria _________.
A . produce less waste in cream than in butter
B . live on less fat in cream than in butter
C . multiply more easily in cream than in butter
D . are more evenly distributed in cream
3. According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by _________.
A . reducing its water content
B . killing the bacteria
C . altering its structure
D . removing its fat
4. The word "colonies" (Line 2, Para. 4) refers to _________.
A . watery regions
B . bacteria communities
C . tiny globules
D . little compartments
5. Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack _________.
A . by varying its chemical composition
B . while keeping its structure unchanged
C . while retaining its liquid form
D . by turning it into a solid lump

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No one knows exactly how many disabled people there are in the world, but estimates suggest the figure is over 450 million. The number of disabled people in India alone is probably more than double the total population of Canada. In the United Kingdom, about one in ten people have some disability. Disability is not just something that happens to other people: as we get older, many of us will become less mobile, hard of hearing or have failing eyesight. Disablement can take many forms and occur at any time of life. Some people are born with disabilities. Many others become disabled as they get older. There are many progressive disabling diseases. The longer time goes on, the worse they become. Some people are disabled in accidents. Many others may have a period of disability in the form of a mental illness. All are affected by people's attitude towards them. Disabled people face many physical barriers. Next time you go shopping or to work or visit friends, imagine how you would manage if you could not get up steps, or on to buses and trains. How would you cope if you could not see where you were going or could not hear the traffic? But there are other barriers: prejudice can be even harder to break down and ignorance inevitably represents by far the greatest barrier of all. It is almost impossible for the able-bodied to fully appreciate what the severely disabled go through, so it is important to draw attention to these barriers and show that it is the individual person and their ability, not their disability, which counts.
1. The first paragraph points out that ______.
A . there are many disabled people in the world
B . the number of disabled people in India is the grea
C . India has much more disabled people than Canada
D . it is impossible to get an exact figure of the wor
2. The key word in Paragraph 4 is ______.
A . disability
B . ignorance
C . barriers
D . prejudice
3. The last word of the passage "counts" most probably means _____.
A . is considered
B . is numbered
C . is most important
D . is included
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A . There are about 10 percent disabled persons in the UK.
B . Even the able-bodied may lose some of their body functions when they get older.
C . The whole society should pay due attention to the barriers faced by the disabled people.
D . There still exists prejudice against the disabled.
5. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.
A . both physical and mental barriers are hard to break down
B . the able-bodied people will never fully understand the disabled
C . we should try our best to prevent disablement
D . we must take a proper attitude towards the disabled

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So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that "reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible." Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. "Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children." When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.
1. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ________.
A . too much time is spent in teaching about reading
B . reading tasks are assigned with little guidance
C . it is one of the most difficult school courses
D . students spend endless hours in reading
2. The teaching of reading will be successful if_____ .
A . teachers can make their teaching activities observable
B . teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading
C . teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading
D . teachers can improve conditions at school for the students
3. The word "scrutiny" (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means "________".
A . observation
B . suspicion
C . inquiry
D . control
4. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ________.
A . children become highly motivated
B . reading enriches children' experience
C . teacher and learner roles are interchangeable
D . teaching helps children in the search for knowledge
5. The main idea of the passage is that_____ .
A . reading ability is something acquired rather than taught
B . teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read
C . teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible
D . reading is more complicated than generally believed

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It has been thought and said that Africans are born with musical talent. Because music is so important in the lives of many Africans and because so much music is performed in Africa, we are inclined to think that all Africans are musicians. The impression is strengthened when we look at ourselves and find that we have become largely a society of musical spectators. Music is important to us, but most of us can be considered consumers rather than producers of music. We have records, television, concerts, and radios to fulfill many of our musical needs. In most situations where music is performed in our culture it is not difficult to distinguish the audience from the performers, but such is not the case in Africa. Alban Ayipaga, a Kasena semiprofessional musician from Northern Ghana, says that when his flute and drum ensemble is performing, "Anybody can take part". This is true, but Kasena musicians recognize that not all people are equally capable of taking part in the music. Some can sing along with the drummers, but relatively few can play the flute along with the ensemble. It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, somehow adding to the totality of musical sound. Performances often take place in an open area (that is, not on a stage) and so the lines between the performing nuclear and the additional performers, active spectators, and passive spectators may be difficult to draw from our point of view.
1. The difference between us and Africans, as far as music is concerned, is that _________.
A . we are audience and they are the additional performers
B . we are music performers and they are semiprofessional musicians
C . most of us are passive spectators while they are active spectators
D . most of us are consumers while most of them are producers of music
2. The word "such" (Line 7) refers to the fact that __________
A . people have records, television sets and radios to fulfil their music needs
B . people tend to distinguish the audience from the performers
C . music is performed without the participation of the audience
D . music is performed with the participation of the audience
3. The author of the passage implies that ____________.
A . not all Africans are born with musical talent although music is important in their lives
B . all Africans are musical and therefore much music is performed in African
C . most Africans perform as well as professional musicians
D . most Africans are capable of joining in the music by playing music instruments
4. The word "nucleus" (Line 14) probably refers to __________.
A . active participants in a musical performance
B . musicians acting as the core in performance
C . musicians famous in Africa
D . musicians at the center of attention
5. The best title for this passage would be _____________
A . A characteristic Feature of African Musical Performances
B . Difference Between African Music and Music of Other Countries
C . The Relationship Between Musicians and Their Audio
D . The Importance of Music to African People

Every day, we are all influenced by the mass media (television, movies, radio, magazines, newspapers
[ 标签：all, mass, movies ] 靖风 2010-12-31 13:52
Every day, we are all influenced by the mass media (television, movies, radio, magazines, newspapers, and the like). Although some critics of the media claim that these means of communication are used primarily to control our thinking and get us to buy products that we don't need, the media also contribute to keeping people informed. In other words, while dangers do exist, the benefits of the media far outweigh the disadvantages. Most of the messages brought to viewers, listeners, and readers are designed whether to inform or to entertain and neither of these goals can be considered dangerous or harmful. If consumers of the media could be taught at an early age to examine messages critically, i.e., to think carefully about what is being communicated they would be able to take advantage of the information and enjoy the entertainment without being hurt by it. The key to critical thinking is recognizing the purposes of the news or scriptwriters, the advertisers, and so on. Are both sides of an issue being presented? Is the amount of violence and killing shown necessary to the point of a story? Have enough facts about a product being advertised been presented? Furthermore, in a country with a democratic form of government, the people can be kept informed by the mass media. To be able to express their views and vote intelligently, citizens need the opportunity to hear news, opinions, and public affairs programming. Information about current events is presented in depth on publicly funded TV channels and radio stations as well as in newspapers. In addition, the public broadcasting media can help viewers and listeners to complete or further their education. Recent immigrants, for example, can improver their command of English through TV and radio, and in addition, some college courses are taught on educational television. Another recognized advantage of the media is that it gives people the information they need in their daily lives: weather and traffic reports are good examples. While commercials and advertising do not necessarily present accurate information, they do make people aware of the availability of products that could improve their lives. In addition, they create a large demand for some items, which may lead to a reduction in their price. While the media can be a valuable means of educating the public, when most people turn on the TV set or the radio, they want to be entertained. As a result most programming consists of movies, plays, but, on the other hand, many are fun to watch and interesting, written and presented well. Even though the mass media can be misused, most of its effects are positive. We are all influenced by television, movies, radio, magazines, and newspapers, and if we are careful to examine their message critically these can all be benefit to our lives. 1. The main point the author tries to make in this passage is most probably that _______.A . television is more useful as a means of entertainment than as a means of providing information
B . advertising is harmful when it presents inaccurate information
C . people should learn to take advantage of the media's benefits
D . the positive effects of the mass media outweigh the negative ones
2. According to the author, the two main purposes of the mass media are to ______.A . express the views of the public and help improve recent immigrants' English
B . control our thinking and get us to buy useless products
C . make people aware of the availability of products and create a large demand for some items
D . provide people with information and entertainment
3. The author feels that consumers of the mass media should be taught at an early age to _____.A . bring their imagination into full play when watching programs of low quality
B . think critically about the messages brought to them
C . buy products advertised in commercials so that the demand increases
D . turn off the TV set when a ridiculous program comes on
4. 、It can be learned from paragraph 3 that citizens will be in a better position to express their views and make their choices if they are ______.A . well protected by the government 
B . well informed by the media
C . highly paid by the employers
D . highly educated through TV and radio
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A . Publicly funded broadcasting does not present information about current wants in depth.
B . Many TV and radio programs are not interesting
C . The mass media offers information needed in our daily lives
D . Information provided by commercials and advertising is always accurate
满意答案 好评率：85%
d
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