Shell Commands

reference: http://linuxcommand.org/index.php

 

What does most commands operate look like?  "command -options arguments".

 

pwd (print working directory)

cd (change directory).

　　　　Absolute pathname: "cd /home/students" ;

　　　　Relative pathname: "cd .." (parent directory) and "cd ./students" (currently working directory,  the "./" can be omitted)

　　　　Shotcuts:

　　　　"cd " to your home directory"

　　　　"cd ~user_name" to the home directory of the specified user

　　　　"cd - "  to the previous one

ls (list files and directories)

 

Examples of the ls command

Command	Result
ls	List the files in the working directory
ls /bin	List the files in the /bin directory (or any other directory you care to specify)
ls -l	List the files in the working directory in long format
ls -l /etc /bin	List the files in the /bin directory and the /etc directory in long format
ls -a	show all files include hiddend files(begig with ".")
ls -la ..	List all files (even ones with names beginning with a period character, which are normally hidden) in the parent of the working directory in long format

 

 

less (view text files)

Keyboard commands for the less program

Command	Action
Page Up or b	Scroll back one page
Page Down or space	Scroll forward one page
G	Go to the end of the text file
1G	Go to the beginning of the text file
/characters	Search forward in the text file for an occurrence of the specified characters
n	Repeat the previous search
h	Display a complete list less commands and options
q	Quit

 

file (tell you what kind of file it is.)