PHP导出excel文件的几种方式

PHP导出excel文件的几种方式

先说说动态生成的内容当作文件来下载的方法:

1、通过把Content-Type设置为application/octet-stream,可以把动态生成的内容当作文件来下载;content-type内容设置可以参看:

http://www.ostools.net/commons

2、用Content-Disposition设置下载的文件名;

3、 基本上,下载程序都是这么写的:

 1 <?php  
 2 $filename = "document.txt";  
 3 header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream');  
 4 header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=' . $filename);  
 5 print "Hello!";  
 6 ?> 

4、当然要考虑到浏览器兼容性和对如果文件名是中文的话出现异常bug,我们这么写:

1 <?php  
2 $ua = $_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"];  
3 $filename = "文件名.txt";  
4 $encoded_filename = urlencode($filename);  
5 $encoded_filename = str_replace("+", "%20", $encoded_filename);  
6 header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream');  
7 if (preg_match("/MSIE/", $ua)) {  
8    header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . $encoded_filename . '"');  
9 } else if (preg_match("/Firefox/", $ua)) {  
10    header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*="utf8\'\'' . $filename . '"');  
11 } else {  
12    header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . $filename . '"');  
13 }  
14 print 'ABC';  
15 ?> 

明白了这些之后,生成excel就很简单了,处理下下载文档格式,解析数据,balabala就好了,看看怎么生成一篇excel的文档吧:

1原始方式:发送header,用附件的表头发送到用户浏览器表示是要下载的,然后读出数据库中的数据,一条一条的解析,写入excel格式的文件中。

 1 <?php  
 2  $DB_Server = "localhost";  
 3  $DB_Username = "root";  
 4  $DB_Password = "";  
 5  $DB_DBName = "DBName";  
 6  $DB_TBLName = "DB_TBLName";  
 7  $savename = date("YmjHis");  
 8  $Connect = @mysql_connect($DB_Server, $DB_Username, $DB_Password) or die("Couldn't connect.");  
 9  mysql_query("Set Names 'gbk'");  
10  $file_type = "vnd.ms-excel";  
11  $file_ending = "xls";  
12  header("Content-Type: application/$file_type;charset=gbk");  
13  header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=".$savename.".$file_ending");  
14  header("Pragma: no-cache");  
15  $now_date = date("Y-m-j H:i:s");  
16  $title = "数据库名:$DB_DBName,数据表:$DB_TBLName,备份日期:$now_date";  
17  $sql = "Select * from $DB_TBLName";  
18  $ALT_Db = @mysql_select_db($DB_DBName, $Connect) or die("Couldn't select  database");  
19  $result = @mysql_query($sql,$Connect) or die(mysql_error());  
20  echo("$title\n");  
21  $sep = "\t";  
22  for ($i = 0;$i < mysql_num_fields($result);$i++)  
23     {  
24         echo mysql_field_name($result,$i) . "\t";  
25     }  
26  print("\n");  
27  $i = 0;  
28  while($row = mysql_fetch_row($result))  
29  {  
30    $schema_insert = "";  
31    for($j=0; $j<mysql_num_fields($result);$j++)  
32      {  
33        if(!isset($row[$j])) $schema_insert .= "NULL".$sep;  
34        elseif ($row[$j] != "") $schema_insert .= "$row[$j]".$sep;  
35        else $schema_insert .= "".$sep;  
36       }  
37       $schema_insert = str_replace($sep."$", "", $schema_insert);  
38       $schema_insert .= "\t";  
39       print(trim($schema_insert));  
40       print "\n"; $i++;  
41  }  
42  return (true);  
43  ?>

2用PHPExcel库

下面是用PHPExcel实现的与上面功能相同的excel的方法。getCol为递归实现的函数,用于根据数字返回对应的列号编码。因为导出的过程中需要指出行号,列号。行号为简单的数字,而列号则为“A-Z”的组合。为了方便二维数组的导入,根据列数自动得到列号编码。如“5”->“E”“27”->“AZ”

 1 //设置PHPExcel类库的include path  
 2 $dirToLib1='./resource/PHPExcel1.7.0/Classes';  
 3 ini_set('include_path', ini_get('include_path').PATH_SEPARATOR.$dirToLib1);  
 4   
 5 function getCol($num){//递归方式实现根据列数返回列的字母标识  
 6         $arr=array(0=>'Z',1=>'A',2=>'B',3=>'C',4=>'D',5=>'E',6=>'F',7=>'G',8=>'H',9=>'I',10=>'J',11=>'K',12=>'L',13=>'M',14=>'N',15=>'O',16=>'P',17=>'Q',18=>'R',19=>'S',20=>'T',21=>'U',22=>'V',23=>'W',24=>'X',25=>'Y',26=>'Z');  
 7         if($num==0)  
 8         return '';  
 9         return $this->getCol((int)(($num-1)/26)).$arr[$num%26];  
10     }   
11 function exportToExcel($header,$data,$fileName){
12 //利用PHPExcel工具进行导出,功能强大,格式规范,可导出2007  
13         $fileName=$this->UTF8ToGBK($fileName);    
14         $objExcel = new PHPExcel();  
15         $objWriter = new PHPExcel_Writer_Excel5($objExcel);  
16         $objExcel->setActiveSheetIndex(0);  
17         $objActSheet = $objExcel->getActiveSheet();  
18         //设置当前活动sheet的名称  
19         //$objActSheet->setTitle('测试Sheet');   
20         //*************************************  
21         //设置单元格内容  
22         $i=1;  
23         foreach ($header as $key => $value){  
24             $objActSheet->setCellValueExplicit($this->getCol($i).'1', $value,PHPExcel_Cell_DataType::TYPE_STRING);  
25             //*************************************  
26             //设置单元格样式  
27             $objStyle = $objActSheet->getStyle($this->getCol($i++).'1');  
28             //设置边框  
29             $objBorder = $objStyle->getBorders();  
30     $objBorder->getTop()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);  
31     $objBorder->getTop()->getColor()->setARGB('FFDDDDDD');                          $objBorder->getBottom()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);  
32     $objBorder->getBottom()->getColor()->setARGB('FFDDDDDD');  
33             $objBorder->getLeft()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);  
34             $objBorder->getLeft()->getColor()->setARGB('FFDDDDDD'); // color  
35          $objBorder->getRight()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);  
36             $objBorder->getRight()->getColor()->setARGB('FFDDDDDD'); // color  
37             //设置填充颜色  
38             $objFill = $objStyle->getFill();  
39             $objFill->setFillType(PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_SOLID);  
40             $objFill->getStartColor()->setARGB('FF00EEEE');  
41         }  
42         $i=1;  
43         foreach ($data as $row){  
44             $i++;  
45             $j=1;  
46             foreach ($header as $key => $value){  
47                 $objActSheet->setCellValueExplicit($this->getCol($j++).$i, $row[$key],PHPExcel_Cell_DataType::TYPE_STRING);  
48             }  
49         }  
50         //*************************************  
51         //输出内容  
52         //到浏览器  
53         header("Content-Type: application/force-download");  
54         header("Content-Type: application/octet-stream");  
55         header("Content-Type: application/download");  
56         header('Content-Disposition:inline;filename="'.$fileName.'.xls"');  
57         header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");  
58         header("Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT");  
59         header("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . " GMT");  
60         header("Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0");  
61         header("Pragma: no-cache");  
62         $objWriter->save('php://output');  
63     }  

3、用PHPExcel等库,确实比较容易实现,但对大量数据的支持很不好,很容易到达PHP内存使用上限。这里的方法是利用fputcsv写CSV(这是一种逗号分隔值文件格式,见http://baike.baidu.com/view/468993.htm)文件的方法,直接向浏览器输出Excel文件:

 1 <?php  
 2 // 输出Excel文件头,可把user.csv换成你要的文件名  
 3 header('Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel');  
 4 header('Content-Disposition: attachment;filename="user.csv"');  
 5 header('Cache-Control: max-age=0');     
 6 // 从数据库中获取数据,为了节省内存,不要把数据一次性读到内存,从句柄中一行一行读即可  
 7 $sql = 'select * from tbl where ……';  
 8 $stmt = $db->query($sql);     
 9 // 打开PHP文件句柄,php://output 表示直接输出到浏览器  
10 $fp = fopen('php://output', 'a');    
11 // 输出Excel列名信息  
12 $head = array('姓名', '性别', '年龄', 'Email', '电话', '……');  
13 foreach ($head as $i => $v) {  
14     // CSV的Excel支持GBK编码,一定要转换,否则乱码  
15     $head[$i] = iconv('utf-8', 'gbk', $v);  
16 }    
17 // 将数据通过fputcsv写到文件句柄  
18 fputcsv($fp, $head);   
19 // 计数器  
20 $cnt = 0;  
21 // 每隔$limit行,刷新一下输出buffer,不要太大,也不要太小  
22 $limit = 100000;    
23 // 逐行取出数据,不浪费内存  
24 while ($row = $stmt->fetch(Zend_Db::FETCH_NUM)) {   
25     $cnt ++;  
26     if ($limit == $cnt) { 
27         //刷新一下输出buffer,防止由于数据过多造成问题  
28         ob_flush();  
29         flush();  
30         $cnt = 0;  
31     }  
32    
33     foreach ($row as $i => $v) {  
34         $row[$i] = iconv('utf-8', 'gbk', $v);  
35     }  
36     fputcsv($fp, $row);  
37 }  

posted on 2012-10-29 09:43  洞庭啸月  阅读(27733)  评论(3编辑  收藏  举报

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